Table of Contents

Chapter 1 File System Configuration. 1-1

1.1 File System Management 1-1

1.1.1 Overview. 1-1

1.1.2 Directory Operations. 1-1

1.1.3 File Operations. 1-2

1.1.4 Storage Device Operations. 1-3

1.1.5 File System Prompt Mode Setting. 1-4

1.1.6 File System Operations Example. 1-4

1.2 Configuration File Management 1-5

1.2.1 Overview. 1-5

1.2.2 Saving Current Configuration. 1-6

1.2.3 Erasing the Startup Configuration File. 1-7

1.2.4 Specifying a Configuration File for Next Startup. 1-8

1.2.5 Backup/Restore the Configuration File for Next Startup. 1-9

1.3 Displaying and Maintaining Device Configuration. 1-10

Chapter 2 FTP Configuration. 2-1

2.1 Overview. 2-1

2.2 Configuring the FTP Client 2-1

2.2.1 Establishing an FTP Connection. 2-1

2.2.2 Configuring the FTP Client 2-2

2.2.3 FTP Client Configuration Example. 2-4

2.3 Configuring the FTP Server 2-5

2.3.1 Configuring FTP server operating parameters. 2-5

2.3.2 Configuring Parameters for FTP Users. 2-6

2.3.3 FTP Server Configuration Example. 2-7

2.4 Displaying and maintaining FTP. 2-8

Chapter 3 TFTP Configuration. 3-1

3.1 Overview. 3-1

3.2 Configuring the TFTP Client 3-1

3.3 TFTP Client Configuration Example. 3-2

 

Chapter 1  File System Configuration

 

 

When configuring the file system, go to these sections for information you are interested in:

l           File System Management

l           Configuration File Management

1.1  File System Management

This section covers these topics:

l           Overview

l           Directory Operations

l           File Operations

l           Storage Device Operations

l           File System Prompt Mode Setting

l           File System Operations Example

1.1.1  Overview

A major function of the file system is to manage storage devices. It allows you to perform operations such as directory create and delete, and file copy and display. If an operation, delete or overwrite for example, may cause problems such as data loss or corruption, the file system will ask you to confirm the operation by default.

Depending on the managed object, file system operations fall into directory operations, file operations, storage device operations, and file system prompt mode setting.

1.1.2  Directory Operations

Directory operations include create, delete, display the current directory, display files or subdirectories in a specific directory as shown in the following table:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Create a directory	mkdir directory	Optional Available in user view
Remove a directory	rmdir directory	Optional Available in user view
Display the current directory	pwd	Optional Available in user view
Display files or directories	dir [ /all ] [ file-url ]	Optional Available in user view
Change the current path	cd directory	Optional Available in user view

 

1.1.3  File Operations

File operations include delete (removing files into the recycle bin), restore the deleted, permanently delete (deleting files from the recycle bin), display, rename, copy, and move as shown in the following table:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Remove a file to the recycle bin or delete it permanently	delete [ /unreserved ] file-url	Optional Available in user view
Restore a file from the recycle bin	undelete file-url	Optional Available in user view
Empty the recycle bin	reset recycle-bin [ file-url ] [ /force ]	Optional Available in user view
Display the contents of a file	more file-url	Optional Available in user view Currently, the file is displayed only in the format of text.
Rename a file	rename fileurl-source fileurl-dest	Optional Available in user view
Copy a file	copy fileurl-source fileurl-dest	Optional Available in user view
Move a file	move fileurl-source fileurl-dest	Optional Available in user view
Display files or directories	dir [ /all ] [ file-url ]	Optional Available in user view
Enter system view	system-view	––
Execute the batch file	execute filename	Optional Available in system view

 

 

1.1.4  Storage Device Operations

Storage device operations include disk fix and format as shown in the following table:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Restore the space of a storage device	fixdisk device	Optional Available in user view
Format a storage device	format device	Optional Available in user view

 

You may use the two commands when some space of a storage device becomes inaccessible due to abnormal operations for example.

 

 

1.1.5  File System Prompt Mode Setting

The file system provides the following two prompt modes:

l           Alert, where the system warns you about operations that may bring undesirable consequence such as file corruption or data loss.

l           Quiet: where the system does not do that in any cases. To prevent undesirable consequence resulted from misoperations, the alert mode is preferred.

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	––
Set the operation prompt mode of the file system	file prompt { alert | quiet }	Optional The default is alert.

 

1.1.6  File System Operations Example

# Display the files under the root directory.

<Sysname> dir

Directory of flash:/

 

   0   drw-         -  Feb 16 2006 11:45:36   logfile

   1   -rw-      1218  Feb 16 2006 11:46:19   config.cfg

   2   drw-         -  Feb 16 2006 15:20:27   test

   3   -rw-    184108  Feb 16 2006 15:30:20   aaa.bin

 

15240 KB total (2521 KB free)

# Create a new folder called mytest under the test directory.

<Sysname> cd test

<Sysname> mkdir mytest

%Created dir flash:/test/mytest.

# Display the files under the test directory.

<Sysname> dir

Directory of flash:/test/

   0   drw-         -  Feb 16 2006 15:28:14   mytest

 

15240 KB total (2519 KB free)

# Return to the upper directory.

<Sysname> cd ..

1.2  Configuration File Management

This section covers these topics:

l           Overview

l           Saving Running Configuration

l           Erasing the Startup Configuration File

l           Specifying a Configuration File for Next Startup

l           Naming Configuration Files and Selecting One for Startup

l           Displaying and Maintaining Device Configuration

1.2.1  Overview

I. Types of configuration

The configuration of a device falls into two types:

l           Saved configuration, a configuration file used for initialization. If this file does not exist, the default parameters are used.

l           Current configuration, which refers to the user’s configuration during the operation of a device. This configuration is stored in the flash. It is removed when rebooting.

II. Format of configuration file

Configuration files are saved as text files for ease of reading. They:

l           Save configuration in the form of commands.

l           Save only non-default configuration settings.

l           List commands in sections by view in this view order: system, interface, routing protocol, and so on. Sections are separated with one or multiple blank lines or comment lines that start with a pound sign (#).

l           End with a return.

The operating interface provided by the configuration file management function is user-friendly. With it, you can easily manage your configuration files.

III. Main/backup attribute of the configuration file

A main configuration file and a backup configuration file can exist simultaneously if the device supports main/backup configuration file attribute. As such, when the main configuration file is missing or damaged, the backup file can be used instead. This increases the safety and reliability of the file system compared with the device that only support one configuration file. You can configure a file to have both main and backup attribute, but only one file of either main or backup attribute is allowed on a device.

The following three situations are concerned with the main/backup attributes:

l           When saving the current configuration, you can specify the file to be a main or backup or normal configuration file.

l           When removing a configuration file from a device, you can specify to remove the main or backup configuration file. Or, if it is a file having both main and backup attribute, you can specify to erase the main or backup attribute of the file.

l           When setting the configuration file for next startup, you can specify the main/backup attribute of the file.

IV. Startup with the configuration file

The following steps are taken during startup:

1)         If the main configuration file exists, the device initializes with this configuration.

2)         If the main configuration file does not exist but the backup configuration file exists, the device initializes with the backup configuration.

3)         If neither the main nor the backup configuration file exist, the device will:

l           Initialize with the default configuration file if it exist;

l           Or initialize with empty configuration if the default configuration file does not exist.

1.2.2  Saving Current Configuration

You can modify the configuration on your device at the command line interface (CLI). To use the modified configuration for your subsequent startups, you must save it (using the save command) as a configuration file.

I. Two modes in saving the configuration

l           Fast saving mode. This is the mode when you use the save command without the safely keyword. The mode saves the file quicker but is likely to lose the configuration file if the device reboots or the power fails during the process.

l           Safe mode. This is the mode when you use the save command with the safely keyword. The mode saves the file slower but can retain the configuration file in the flash even if the device reboots or the power fails during the process.

II. Three attributes of the configuration file

l           Main attribute. When you use the save [ [ safely ] [ main ] ] command to save the current configuration, the configuration file you get has main attribute. If this configuration file already exists and has backup attribute, the file will have both main and backup attributes after execution of this command. If the filename you entered is different from that existing in the system, this command will erase its main attribute to allow only one main attribute configuration file in the device.

l           Backup attribute. When you use the save [ safely ] backup command to save the current configuration, the configuration file you get has backup attribute. If this configuration file already exists and has main attribute, the file will have both main and backup attributes after execution of this command. If the filename you entered is different from that existing in the system, this command will erase its backup attribute to allow only one backup attribute configuration file in the device.

l           Normal attribute. When you use the save file-name command to save the current configuration, the configuration file you get has normal attribute if it is not an existing file. Otherwise, the attribute is dependent on the original attribute of the file.

Follow the step below to save current configuration:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Save current configuration	save [ file-name | [ safely ] [ main | backup ] ]	Required Available in any view

 

 

1.2.3  Erasing the Startup Configuration File

After erasing the configuration file, your device will boot up with the default configuration next time it is powered on.

You may need to erase the configuration file for one of these reasons:

l           After you upgrade software, the old configuration file does not match the new software.

l           The startup configuration file is corrupted or not the one you needed.

The following two situations exist:

l           While the reset saved-configuration main command erases the configuration file with main attribute, it only erases the main attribute of a configuration file having both main and backup attribute.

l           While the reset saved-configuration backup command erases the configuration file with backup attribute, it only erases the backup attribute of a configuration file having both main and backup attribute.

Follow the step below to erase the configuration file:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Erase the startup configuration file from the storage device	reset saved-configuration [ main | backup ]	Required Available in user view

 

 

1.2.4  Specifying a Configuration File for Next Startup

You can assign main or backup attribute to the startup configuration file.

I. Assign main attribute to the startup configuration file

l           If you save the current configuration to the main configuration file, the system will automatically set the file as the main startup configuration file.

l           You can also use the startup saved-configuration cfgfile main command to set the file as main startup configuration file.

II. Assign backup attribute to the startup configuration file

l           If you save the current configuration to the backup configuration file, the system will automatically set the file as the backup startup configuration file.

l           You can also use the startup saved-configuration cfgfile backup command to set the file as backup startup configuration file.

Follow the step below to specify a configuration file for next startup:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Specify a configuration file for next startup	startup saved-configuration cfgfile [ main| backup ]	Required Available in user view

 

 

1.2.5  Backup/Restore the Configuration File for Next Startup

I. Backup/restore function overview

The backup/restore function allows you to backup or restore a configuration file for next startup through operations at the CLI. TFTP is used for intercommunication between the device and the server. The backup function enables you to backup the main startup configuration file to the TFTP server, while the restore function enables you to download the main startup configuration file from the TFTP server for startup.

 

 

II. Backup the configuration file for next startup

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Backup the configuration file for next startup	backup startup-configuration to dest-addr [ dest-filename ]	Required Available in user view

 

 

III. Restore the startup configuration file

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Restore the startup configuration file	restore startup-configuration from src-addr src-filename	Required Available in user view

 

 

1.3  Displaying and Maintaining Device Configuration

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Display the configuration file saved in the storage device	display saved-configuration [ by-linenum ]	Available in any view
Display the configuration file used for this and next startup	display startup
Display the validated configuration in current view	display this [ by-linenum ]
Display current configuration	display current-configuration [ configuration [ configuration-type ] | interface [ interface-type ] [ interface-number ] ] [ by-linenum ] [ | { begin | include | exclude } text ]

 

 

Chapter 2  FTP Configuration

When configuring FTP, go to these sections you are interested in:

l           Overview

l           Configuring the FTP Client

l           Configuring the FTP Server

l           Displaying and maintaining FTP

2.1  Overview

The file transfer protocol (FTP) is an application layer protocol for sharing files between hosts over a TCP/IP network.

FTP adopts the server/client model. Your device can function either as client or as server (as shown in Figure 2-1). They work in the following way:

l           When the device serves as the FTP client, a PC user first telnets or through an emulation program connects to the device, then s/he executes the ftp commands to establish the connection to the remote FTP server, and gain access to the files on the server.

l           When the device serves as the FTP server, it must be configured with an IP address so that a user running FTP client program can access it.

Figure 2-1 Network diagram for FTP

2.2  Configuring the FTP Client

2.2.1  Establishing an FTP Connection

To access an FTP server, the FTP client must connect with it. Two ways are available for the connection: using the ftp command to establish the connection directly; using the open command in FTP client view.

Multiple reachable routes may exist to accessing the FTP server. You can specify one by configuring the source address of the packets of the FTP client to meet the requirement of the security policy of the FTP client. You can configure the source address by ftp -a command. The source address specified with the ftp command is valid only for the current FTP connection.

Follow these steps to establish an FTP connection (In IPv4 networking)

To do...	Use the command	Remarks
Log onto the remote FTP server directly in user view	ftp [ ftp-server [ port ] [ -a source-ip ] ]	Use either command.
Log onto the remote FTP server indirectly in FTP client view	ftp
	open ftp-server [ port ] [ -a source-ip ]

 

Follow these steps to establish an FTP connection (In IPv6 networking):

To do...	Use the command	Remarks
Log onto the remote FTP server directly in user view	ftp ipv6 [ ftp-ipv6-server [ port ] [ -a source-ipv6 ] [ -i interface-type interface-number ] ]	Use either command
Log onto the remote FTP server indirectly in FTP client view	ftp ipv6
	open ipv6 ftp-ipv6-server [ port ] [ -a source-ipv6 ] [ -i interface-type interface-number ]

 

2.2.2  Configuring the FTP Client

Follow these steps to configure FTP client:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Display help information of FTP-related commands supported by the remote FTP server	remotehelp [ protocol-command ]	Optional
Enable information display in a detailed manner	verbose	Optional Enabled by default
Log into the FTP server again using another username	user username [ password ]	Optional
Set the file transfer mode to ASCII	ascii	Optional ASCII by default
Set the file transfer mode to binary	binary	Optional ASCII by default
Change the working path on the remote FTP server	cd pathname	Optional
Exit the current directory and enter the upper level directory	cdup	Optional
Display files/directories information on the FTP server	dir [remotefile [ localfile ] ]	Optional
Check files/directories on the FTP server	ls [ remotefile [ localfile ] ]	Optional
Download a file from the FTP server	get remotefile [ localfile ]	Optional
Upload a file to the FTP server	put localfile [ remotefile ]	Optional
View the working directory of the remote FTP server	pwd	Optional
Find the working path of the FTP client	lcd	Optional
Create a directory on the FTP server	mkdir directory	Optional
Set the data transfer mode to passive	passive	Optional Passive by default
Delete specified file on the FTP server	delete remotefile	Optional
Delete specified directory on the FTP server	rmdir directory	Optional
Disconnect with the FTP server without exiting the FTP client view	disconnect	Optional Equal to the close command
Disconnect with the FTP server without exiting the FTP client view	close	Optional Equal to the disconnect command
Disconnect with the FTP server and exit to user view	bye	Optional
Terminate the connection with the remote FTP server, and exit to user view	quit	Optional Available in FTP client view, equal to the bye command

 

 

2.2.3  FTP Client Configuration Example

I. Network requirements

Use your device as an FTP client to download an image file for upgrading purpose from the FTP server with the IP address 10.1.1.1/16.

On the FTP server, an FTP user account has been created for the FTP client, with the username being abc and the password being pwd.

II. Network diagram

Figure 2-2 Network diagram for FTPing an image file from an FTP Server

III. Configuration procedure

# Check files on your device. Remove those redundant to ensure adequate space for the image file to be downloaded.

<Sysname> dir

Directory of flash:/

 

   0   drw-         -  Dec 07 2005 10:00:57   filename

   1   drw-         -  Jan 02 2006 14:27:51   logfile

   2   -rw-      1216  Jan 02 2006 14:28:59   config.cfg

   3   -rw-      1216  Jan 02 2006 16:27:26   backup.cfg

 

15240 KB total (2511 KB free)

<Sysname> delete /unreserved flash:/backup.cfg

# Download the image file from the server.

<Sysname> ftp 10.1.1.1

Trying 10.1.1.1 ...

Press CTRL+K to abort

Connected to 10.1.1.1.

220 WFTPD 2.0FTP service (by Texas Imperial Software) ready for new user .

User(10.1.1.1:(none)):abc

331 Give me your password, please

Password:

230 Logged in successfully

331 Password required for abc.

Password:

230 User logged in.   

[ftp] binary

200 Type set to I.

[ftp] get aaa.appbin bbb.appbin

 

227 Entering Passive Mode (10.,1.,1.,1,4,17).

125 BINARY mode data connection already open, transfer starting for aaa.app.bin.

.....226 Transfer complete.

FTP: 5805100 byte(s) received in 19.898 second(s) 291.74 byte(s)/sec.

[ftp] bye

221 Server closing.

# Specify the main image file for next startup with the boot-loader command

<Sysname> boot-loader file bbb.bin main

<Sysname> reboot

The image file updates to the device at the reboot.

 

 

2.3  Configuring the FTP Server

2.3.1  Configuring FTP server operating parameters

Follow these steps to configure the FTP server:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	––
Enable the FTP server	ftp server enable	Required Disabled by default.
Configure the idle-timeout timer	ftp timeout minutes	Optional The default is 30 minutes.
Set the file update mode in FTP	ftp update { fast | normal }	Optional Normal update is used by default.

 

 

2.3.2  Configuring Parameters for FTP Users

To allow an FTP user to access certain directories on the FTP server, you need to create an account for the user, authorizing access to the directories and associating the username and password with the account.

Follow these steps to make configuration for an FTP user:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	––
Enter or create a local user view	local-user user-name	Required No local user exists by default, and the system does not support FTP anonymous user access.
Assign a password to the user	password { simple | cipher } password	Required
Assign the FTP service to the user and specify the FTP user’s access to a directory	service-type ftp [ ftp-directory directory]	Optional Not assigned by default; if no directory is assigned, users can access the root directory of the device after gain FTP access.

 

 

2.3.3  FTP Server Configuration Example

I. Network requirements

l           Use your device as an FTP server. Create a user account for an FTP user on it, setting the username to abc and the password to pwd.

l           The IP address of the Ethernet interface is 1.1.1.1/16.

l           The PC is the FTP client.

II. Network diagram

Figure 2-3 Smooth upgrading using the FTP server

III. Configuration procedure

1)         Configure the device ( FTP server )

# Create a local user account on the device, and set the username to abc and the password to pwd.

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] local-user abc

[Sysname-luser-abc] password simple pwd

# Specify FTP as the serive type available for user abc, and configure the directory authorized for user abc to access.

[Sysname-luser-abc] service-type ftp ftp-directory flash:/

[Sysname-luser-abc] quit

# Enable FTP server.

[Sysname] ftp server enable

[Sysname] quit

# Check files on your device. Remove those redundant to ensure adequate space for the image file to be uploaded.

<Sysname> dir

Directory of flash:/

 

   0   drw-         -  Dec 07 2005 10:00:57   filename

   1   drw-         -  Jan 02 2006 14:27:51   logfile

   2   -rw-      1216  Jan 02 2006 14:28:59   config.cfg

   3   -rw-      1216  Jan 02 2006 16:27:26   back.cfg

   4   drw-         -  Jan 02 2006 15:20:21   ftp

 

15240 KB total (2511 KB free)

<Sysname> delete /unreserved flash:/back.cfg

2)         Configure the PC ( FTP client )

# Upload the image file to the FTP server.

c:\> ftp 1.1.1.1

ftp> put aaa.bin bbb.bin

 

 

# Specify the main image file for next startup with the boot-loader command

<Sysname> boot-loader file bbb.bin main

<Sysname> reboot

The image file updates to the device at the reboot.

 

 

2.4  Displaying and maintaining FTP

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Display the configuration of the FTP server	display ftp-server	Available in any view
Display information about logged-in FTP users	display ftp-user

 

Chapter 3  TFTP Configuration

When configuring TFTP, go to these sections you are interested in:

l           Overview

l           Configuring the TFTP Client

l           Displaying and Maintaining the TFTP Client

l           TFTP Client Configuration Example

3.1  Overview

The trivial file transfer protocol (TFTP) provides functions similar to those provided by FTP, but it is not as complex as FTP in interactive access interface and authentication. Therefore, it is more suitable where complex interaction is not needed between client and server.

TFTP uses the UDP service for data delivery. In TFTP, file transfer is initiated by the client.

In a normal file downloading process, the client sends a read request to the TFTP server, receives data from the server, and then sends the acknowledgement to the server.

In a normal file uploading process, the client sends a write request to the TFTP server, sends data to the server, and receives the acknowledgement from the server.

TFTP transfers files in two modes: binary for programming files and ASCII for text files.

 

 

3.2  Configuring the TFTP Client

When a device acts as a TFTP client, you can upload files on the device to a TFTP server and download files from the TFTP server to the local device. You can use either of the following ways to download files:

l           Normal download: The device writes the obtained files to the storage device directly. In this way, the original system file will be overwritten and if file download fails (for example, due to network disconnection), the device cannot start up normally because the original system file has been deleted.

l           Secure download: The device saves the obtained files to its memory and does not write them to the storage device until all user files are obtained. In this way, if file download fails (for example, due to network disconnection), the device can still start up because the original system file is not overwritten. This mode is more secure but consumes more memory.

You are recommended to use the latter mode or use a filename not existing in the current directory as the target filename when downloading startup file or configuration file.

Multiple reachable routes may exist to accessing the TFTP server. You can specify one by configuring the source address of the packets of the TFTP client to meet the requirement of the security policy of the TFTP client. You can configure the source address by the tftp command. The source address specified with the tftp command is valid only for the current TFTP connection.

Follow these steps to configure the TFTP client:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	––
Associate the configured access control list (ACL) to the TFTP application	tftp-server [ ipv6 ] acl acl-number	Optional
Return to user view	quit	—
Download a file in IPv4 network	tftp tftp-server get source-file [ dest-file | -a source-ip ]*	Optional
Secure download a file in IPv4 network	tftp tftp-server sget source-file [ dest-file | -a source-ip ]*	Optional
Upload a file in IPv4 network	tftp tftp-server put source-file [ dest-file | -a source-ip ]*	Optional
Download or upload a file in IPv6 network	tftp ipv6 tftp-ipv6-server [ -i interface-type interface-number ] { get | put } source-file [ destination-file ]	Optional

 

3.3  TFTP Client Configuration Example

I. Network requirements

l           Use a PC as the TFTP server and your device as the TFTP client.

l           PC uses IP address 1.2.1.1./16 and a TFTP working directory has been defined for the client.

l           On your device, VLAN interface 1 is assigned an IP address 1.1.1.1/16, making that the port connected to PC belongs to the same VLAN.

l           TFTP an image file from PC for upgrading and a configuration file to PC for backup.

II. Network diagram

Figure 3-1 Smooth upgrading using the TFTP client function

III. Configuration procedure

1)         Configure the PC (TFTP server). The detailed configuration procedure is omitted.

l           Enable the TFTP server function on the PC

l           Configure the working directory of the TFTP server

2)         Configure the device (TFTP client)

 

 

# Enter system view.

<Sysname> system-view

# Assign VLAN interface 1 an IP address 1.1.1.1/16, making sure that the port connected to PC belongs to the same VLAN.

[Sysname] interface vlan-interface 1

[Sysname-Vlan-interface1] ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.0.0

[Sysname-Vlan-interface1] return

# Download an application image file aaa.bin from the TFTP server. (Before that, make sure that adequate memory is available.)

<Sysname> tftp 1.2.1.1 get aaa.bin bbb.bin

# Upload a configuration file config.cfg to the TFTP server.

<Sysname> tftp 1.2.1.1 put config.cfg configback.cfg

# Specify the main image file for next startup with the boot-loader command.

<Sysname> boot-loader file bbb.bin main

<Sysname> reboot