Ethernet link aggregation, or simply link aggregation, combines multiple physical Ethernet ports into one logical link, called an aggregate link. Link aggregation delivers the following benefits:

· Increases bandwidth beyond the limits of any single link. In an aggregate link, traffic is distributed across the member ports.

· Improves link reliability. The member ports dynamically back up one another. When a member port fails, its traffic is automatically switched to other member ports.

As shown in Figure 1, Device A and Device B are connected by three physical Ethernet links. These physical Ethernet links are combined into an aggregate link, Link Aggregation 1. The bandwidth of this aggregate link is as high as the total bandwidth of these three physical Ethernet links. At the same time, the three Ethernet links back up one another.

Figure 1 Diagram for Ethernet link aggregation

Basic concepts

Aggregation group, member port, aggregate interface

Link aggregation is implemented through link aggregation groups. An aggregation group is a group of Ethernet interfaces combined together, which are called member ports of the aggregation group. For each aggregation group, a logical interface, called an aggregate interface, is created. To an upper layer entity that uses the link aggregation service, a link aggregation group looks like a single logical link and data traffic is transmitted through the aggregate interface.

NOTE:

The rate of an aggregate interface equals the total rate of its member ports in the Selected state, and its duplex mode is the same as the selected member ports. For more information about the states of member ports in an aggregation group, see “Aggregation states of member ports in an aggregation group.”

Aggregation states of member ports in an aggregation group

A member port in an aggregation group can be in either of the following aggregation states:

· Selected: A Selected port can forward user traffic.

· Unselected: An Unselected port cannot forward user traffic.

Operational key

When aggregating ports, the system automatically assigns each port an operational key based on port information such as port rate and duplex mode. Any change to this information triggers a recalculation of the operational key.

In an aggregation group, all selected member ports are assigned the same operational key.

Configuration classes

Every configuration setting on a port may affect its aggregation state. Port configurations fall into the following classes:

· Port attribute configurations, including port rate, duplex mode, and link status (up/down), which are the most basic port configurations.

· Class-two configurations, as described in Table 1. A member port can be placed in the Selected state only if it has the same class-two configurations as the aggregate interface.

Table 1 Class-two configurations

Feature	Considerations
Port isolation	Whether the port has joined an isolation group, and the isolation group to which the port belongs
QinQ	QinQ enable state (enable/disable), TPID for VLAN tags, outer VLAN tags to be added, inner-to-outer VLAN priority mappings, inner-to-outer VLAN tag mappings, inner VLAN ID substitution mappings
VLAN	Permitted VLAN IDs, PVID, link type (trunk, hybrid, or access), protocol-based VLAN configuration, VLAN tagging mode
MAC address learning	MAC address learning capability, MAC address learning limit, forwarding of frames with unknown destination MAC addresses after the MAC address learning limit is reached

NOTE:

· Class-two configurations made on an aggregate interface are automatically synchronized to all its member ports. These configurations are retained on the member ports even after the aggregate interface is removed.

· Any class-two configuration change may affect the aggregation state of link aggregation member ports and ongoing traffic. To make sure that you are aware of the risk, the system displays a warning message every time you attempt to change a class-two configuration setting on a member port.

· Class-one configurations do not affect the aggregation state of the member port even if they are different from those on the aggregate interface. GVRP and MSTP settings are examples of class-one configurations.

NOTE:

The class-one configuration for a member port is effective only when the member port leaves the aggregation group.

Reference port

When setting the aggregation state of the ports in an aggregation group, the system automatically picks a member port as the reference port. A Selected port must have the same port attributes and class-two configurations as the reference port.

LACP

The IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) enables dynamic aggregation of physical links. It uses link aggregation control protocol data units (LACPDUs) for exchanging aggregation information between LACP-enabled devices.

1. LACP functions

The IEEE 802.3ad LACP offers basic LACP functions and extended LACP functions, as described in Table 2.

Table 2 Basic and extended LACP functions

Category	Description
Basic LACP functions	Implemented through the basic LACPDU fields, including the system LACP priority, system MAC address, port aggregation priority, port number, and operational key. Each member port in a LACP-enabled aggregation group exchanges information with its peer. When a member port receives an LACPDU, it compares the received information with the information received on the other member ports. In this way the two systems reach an agreement on which ports should be placed in the Selected state.
Extended LACP functions	Implemented by extending the LACPDU with new Type/Length/Value (TLV) fields.

Type	Description	Remarks
System LACP priority	Used by two peer devices (or systems) to determine which one is superior in link aggregation. In dynamic link aggregation, the system that has higher system LACP priority sets the Selected state of member ports on its side first and then the system that has lower priority sets port state accordingly.	The smaller the priority value, the higher the priority.
Port aggregation priority	Determines the likelihood of a member port to be selected on a system. The higher port aggregation priority, the higher likelihood.

Link aggregation modes

Link aggregation has the following modes: dynamic and static. Dynamic link aggregation uses LACP and static link aggregation does not. Table 4 compares the two aggregation modes.

Table 4 A comparison between static and dynamic aggregation modes

Aggregation mode	LACP status on member ports	Pros	Cons
Static	Disabled	Aggregation is stable. The aggregation state of the member ports are not affected by the peer ports.	The member ports do not adjust the aggregation state according to that of the peer ports. The administrator must manually maintain link aggregations.
Dynamic	Enabled	The administrator does not need to maintain link aggregations. The peer systems maintain the aggregation state of the member ports automatically.	Aggregation is unstable. The aggregation state of member ports is susceptible to network changes.

In a dynamic link aggregation group:

· A Selected port can receive and send LACPDUs.

· An Unselected port can receive and send LACPDUs only if it is up and has the same class-two configurations as the aggregate interface.

Aggregating links in static mode

LACP is disabled on the member ports in a static aggregation group. You must manually maintain the aggregation state of the member ports.

The static link aggregation process comprises:

· Selecting a reference port

· Setting the aggregation state of each member port

Selecting a reference port

The system selects a reference port from the member ports that are in the up state and have the same class-two configurations as the aggregate interface.

The candidate ports are sorted by aggregation priority, duplex, and speed in the following order:

· Lowest aggregation priority value

· Full duplex/high speed

· Full duplex/low speed

· Half duplex/high speed

· Half duplex/low speed

The one at the top is selected as the reference port. If two ports have the same aggregation priority, duplex mode, and speed, the one with the lower port number wins out.

Setting the aggregation state of each member port

After selecting the reference port, the static aggregation group sets the aggregation state of each member port, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Set the aggregation state of a member port in a static aggregation group

NOTE:

· To ensure stable aggregation state and service continuity, do not change port attributes or class-two configurations on any member port.

· If a static aggregation group has reached the limit on Selected ports, any port joins the group is placed in the Unselected state to avoid traffic interruption on the current Selected ports. Avoid this situation, however, because it may cause the aggregation state of a port to change after a reboot.

Aggregating links in dynamic mode

LACP is automatically enabled on all member ports in a dynamic aggregation group. The protocol automatically maintains the aggregation state of ports.

The dynamic link aggregation process comprises:

· Selecting a reference port

· Setting the aggregation state of each member port

Selecting a reference port

The local system (the actor) and the remote system (the partner) negotiate a reference port using the following workflow:

1. Compare the system ID (comprising the system LACP priority and the system MAC address). The system with the lower LACP priority value wins out. If they are the same, compare the system MAC addresses. The system with the lower MAC address wins.

2. The system with the smaller system ID selects the port with the smallest port ID as the reference port. A port ID comprises a port aggregation priority and a port number. The port with the lower aggregation priority value wins out. If two ports have the same aggregation priority, the system compares their port numbers. The port with the smaller port number wins.

Setting the aggregation state of each member port

After the reference port is selected, the system with the lower system ID sets the state of each member port in the dynamic aggregation group on its side as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Set the state of a member port in a dynamic aggregation group

Meanwhile, the system with the higher system ID, being aware of the aggregation state changes on the remote system, sets the aggregation state of local member ports the same as their peer ports.

NOTE:

· To ensure stable aggregation state and service continuity, do not change port attributes or class-two configurations on any member port.

· In a dynamic aggregation group, when the aggregation state of a local port changes, the aggregation state of the peer port also changes.

· A port that joins a dynamic aggregation group after the Selected port limit has been reached is placed in the Selected state if it is more eligible for being selected than a current member port.

Load sharing criteria for link aggregation groups

In a link aggregation group, traffic may be load-shared across the selected member ports based on a set of criteria, depending on your configuration.

You can choose one of the following criteria or any combination for load sharing:

· MAC addresses

· Service port numbers

· IP addresses

Alternatively, you can let the system automatically choose link-aggregation load sharing criteria based on packet types or configure the system to perform per-packet load sharing.

Ethernet link aggregation configuration task list

Complete the following tasks to configure Ethernet link aggregation:

Task		Remarks
Configuring an aggregation group	Configuring a static aggregation group	Select either task
Configuring an aggregation group	Configuring a dynamic aggregation group	Select either task
Configuring an aggregate interface	Configuring the description of an aggregate interface	Optional
	Enabling link state traps for an aggregate interface	Optional
	Shutting down an aggregate interface	Optional
Configuring load sharing for link aggregation groups		Optional

Configuring an aggregation group

Configure the same aggregation mode for both ends of an aggregate link.

Configuration guidelines

You cannot assign a port to a Layer 2 aggregation group if any of the features listed in Table 5 is configured on the port.

Table 5 Features incompatible with Layer 2 aggregation groups

Feature	Reference
MAC authentication	MAC authentication in the Security Configuration Guide
Port security	Port security in the Security Configuration Guide
IP source guard	IP source guard in the Security Configuration Guide
802.1X	802.1X in the Security Configuration Guide

CAUTION:

Removing an aggregate interface also removes the corresponding aggregation group. At the same time, all member ports leave the aggregation group.

Configuring a static aggregation group

NOTE:

To guarantee a successful static aggregation, make sure that the ports at both ends of each link are in the same aggregation state.

Follow these steps to configure a Layer 2 static aggregation group:

To do...	Use the command...	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	—
Create a Layer 2 aggregate interface and enter Layer 2 aggregate interface view	interface bridge-aggregation interface-number	Required When you create a Layer 2 aggregate interface, the system automatically creates a Layer 2 static aggregation group numbered the same.
Exit to system view	quit	—
Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view	interface interface-type interface-number	Required Repeat these two steps to assign more Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces to the aggregation group.
Assign the Ethernet interface to the aggregation group	port link-aggregation group number
Assign the port an aggregation priority	link-aggregation port-priority port-priority	Optional By default, the aggregation priority of a port is 32768. Changing the aggregation priority of a port may affect the aggregation state of the ports in the static aggregation group.

Configuring a dynamic aggregation group

NOTE:

To guarantee a successful dynamic aggregation, make sure that the peer ports of the ports aggregated at one end are also aggregated. The two ends can automatically negotiate the aggregation state of each member port.

Follow these steps to configure a Layer 2 dynamic aggregation group:

To do...	Use the command...	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	—
Set the system LACP priority	lacp system-priority system-priority	Optional By default, the system LACP priority is 32768. Changing the system LACP priority may affect the aggregation state of the ports in a dynamic aggregation group.
Create a Layer 2 aggregate interface and enter Layer 2 aggregate interface view	interface bridge-aggregation interface-number	Required When you create a Layer 2 aggregate interface, the system automatically creates a Layer 2 static aggregation group numbered the same.
Configure the aggregation group to work in dynamic aggregation mode	link-aggregation mode dynamic	Required By default, an aggregation group works in static aggregation mode.
Exit to system view	quit	—
Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view	interface interface-type interface-number	Required Repeat these two steps to assign more Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces to the aggregation group.
Assign the Ethernet interface to the aggregation group	port link-aggregation group number
Assign the port an aggregation priority	link-aggregation port-priority port-priority	Optional By default, the aggregation priority of a port is 32768. Changing the aggregation priority of a port may affect the aggregation state of the ports in the dynamic aggregation group.
Set the LACP timeout interval on the port to the short timeout interval (1 second)	lacp period short	Optional By default, the LACP timeout interval on a port is the long timeout interval (30 seconds).

Configuring an aggregate interface

NOTE:

In addition to the preceding configurations, most of the configurations that can be performed on Ethernet interfaces can also be performed on aggregate interfaces.

Configuring the description of an aggregate interface

You can configure the description of an aggregate interface for administration purposes such as describing the purpose of the interface.

Follow these steps to configure the description of an aggregate interface:

To do...	Use the command...	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	—
Enter Layer 2 aggregate interface view	interface bridge-aggregation interface-number	Required
Configure the description of the aggregate interface	description text	Optional By default, the description of an interface is in the format of interface-name Interface, such as Bridge-Aggregation1 Interface.

Enabling link state traps for an aggregate interface

You can configure an aggregate interface to generate linkUp trap messages when its link goes up and linkDown trap messages when its link goes down. For more information, see the Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide.

Follow these steps to enable link state traps on an aggregate interface:

To do...	Use the command...	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	—
Enable the trap function globally	snmp-agent trap enable [ standard [ linkdown \| linkup ] * ]	Optional By default, link state trapping is enabled globally and on all interfaces.
Enter Layer 2 aggregate interface view	interface bridge-aggregation interface-number	Required
Enable link state traps for the aggregate interface	enable snmp trap updown	Optional Enabled by default.

Shutting down an aggregate interface

Shutting down or bringing up an aggregate interface affects the aggregation state and link state of ports in the corresponding aggregation group in the following ways:

· When an aggregate interface is shut down, all Selected ports in the corresponding aggregation group become unselected and their link state becomes down.

· When an aggregate interface is brought up, the aggregation state of ports in the corresponding aggregation group is recalculated and their link state becomes up.

Follow these steps to shut down an aggregate interface:

To do...	Use the command...	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	—
Enter Layer 2 aggregate interface view	interface bridge-aggregation interface-number	Required
Shut down the aggregate interface	shutdown	Required By default, aggregate interfaces are up.

Configuring load sharing for link aggregation groups

You can determine how traffic is load-shared in a link aggregation group by configuring load sharing criteria. The criteria can be MAC addresses, service port numbers, IP addresses, or any combination. Follow these steps to configure the global link-aggregation load sharing criteria:

To do...	Use the command...	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	—
Configure the global link-aggregation load sharing criteria	link-aggregation load-sharing mode { destination-ip \| destination-mac \| destination-port \| source-ip \| source-mac \| source-port } *	Required Source/destination MAC address for Layer 2 packets; source/destination MAC address and source/destination IP address for Layer 3 packets.

To do...

Use the command...

Remarks

Enter system view

system-view

—

Configure the global link-aggregation load sharing criteria

link-aggregation load-sharing mode { destination-ip | destination-mac | destination-port | source-ip | source-mac | source-port } *

Required

Source/destination MAC address for Layer 2 packets; source/destination MAC address and source/destination IP address for Layer 3 packets.

Displaying and maintaining Ethernet link aggregation

To do...	Use the command...	Remarks
Display information for an aggregate interface	display interface bridge-aggregation [ brief [ down ] ] [ \| { begin \| exclude \| include } regular-expression ] display interface bridge-aggregation interface-number [ brief ] [ \| { begin \| exclude \| include } regular-expression ]	Available in any view
Display the local system ID	display lacp system-id [ \| { begin \| exclude \| include } regular-expression ]	Available in any view
Display the global link-aggregation load sharing criteria	display link-aggregation load-sharing mode [ \| { begin \| exclude \| include } regular-expression ]	Available in any view
Display detailed link aggregation information for link aggregation member ports	display link-aggregation member-port [ interface-list ] [ \| { begin \| exclude \| include } regular-expression ]	Available in any view
Display summary information about all aggregation groups	display link-aggregation summary [ \| { begin \| exclude \| include } regular-expression ]	Available in any view
Display detailed information about a specific or all aggregation groups	display link-aggregation verbose [ bridge-aggregation [ interface-number ] ] [ \| { begin \| exclude \| include } regular-expression ]	Available in any view
Clear statistics for a specific or all aggregate interfaces	reset counters interface [ bridge-aggregation [ interface-number ] ]	Available in user view

Ethernet link aggregation configuration examples

NOTE:

In an aggregation group, only ports that have the same port attributes and class-two configurations (see “Configuration classes”) as the reference port (see “Reference port”) can operate as Selected ports. Make sure that all member ports have the same port attributes and class-two configurations as the reference port. The other settings only need to be configured on the aggregate interface, not on the member ports.

Layer 2 static aggregation configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 4:

· Device A and Device B are connected through their respective Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 through GigabitEthernet 1/0/3.

· Configure a Layer 2 static aggregation group on Device A and Device B respectively, and enable VLAN 10 at one end of the aggregate link to communicate with VLAN 10 at the other end, and VLAN 20 at one end to communicate with VLAN 20 at the other end.

· Enable traffic to be load-shared across aggregation group member ports based on the source and destination MAC addresses.

Figure 4 Network diagram for Layer 2 static aggregation

Configuration procedure

1. Configure Device A

# Create VLAN 10, and assign port GigabitEthernet 1/0/4 to VLAN 10.

<DeviceA> system-view

[DeviceA] vlan 10

[DeviceA-vlan10] port gigabitethernet 1/0/4

[DeviceA-vlan10] quit

# Create VLAN 20, and assign port GigabitEthernet 1/0/5 to VLAN 20.

[DeviceA] vlan 20

[DeviceA-vlan20] port gigabitethernet 1/0/5

[DeviceA-vlan20] quit

# Create Layer 2 aggregate interface Bridge-Aggregation 1.

[DeviceA] interface bridge-aggregation 1

[DeviceA-Bridge-Aggregation1] quit

# Assign ports GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 through GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 to link aggregation group 1.

[DeviceA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port link-aggregation group 1

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[DeviceA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port link-aggregation group 1

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[DeviceA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] port link-aggregation group 1

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

# Configure Layer 2 aggregate interface Bridge-Aggregation 1 as a trunk port and assign it to VLANs 10 and 20.

NOTE:

This configuration will be automatically synchronized to all member ports in aggregation group 1.

[DeviceA] interface bridge-aggregation 1

[DeviceA-Bridge-Aggregation1] port link-type trunk

[DeviceA-Bridge-Aggregation1] port trunk permit vlan 10 20

Please wait... Done.

Configuring GigabitEthernet1/0/1... Done.

Configuring GigabitEthernet1/0/2... Done.

Configuring GigabitEthernet1/0/3... Done.

[DeviceA-Bridge-Aggregation1] quit

# Configure Device A to use the source and destination MAC addresses of packets as the global link-aggregation load sharing criteria.

[DeviceA] link-aggregation load-sharing mode source-mac destination-mac

2. Configure Device B

Configure Device B using the same instructions that you used to configure Device A.

3. Verify the configurations

# Display summary information about all aggregation groups on Device A.

[DeviceA] display link-aggregation summary

Aggregation Interface Type:

BAGG -- Bridge-Aggregation, RAGG -- Route-Aggregation

Aggregation Mode: S -- Static, D -- Dynamic

Loadsharing Type: Shar -- Loadsharing, NonS -- Non-Loadsharing

Actor System ID: 0x8000, 000f-e2ff-0001

AGG AGG Partner ID Select Unselect Share

Interface Mode Ports Ports Type

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BAGG1 S none 3 0 Shar

The output shows that link aggregation group 1 is a load shared Layer 2 static aggregation group and it contains three Selected ports.

# Display the global link-aggregation load sharing criteria on Device A.

[DeviceA] display link-aggregation load-sharing mode

Link-Aggregation Load-Sharing Mode:

destination-mac address, source-mac address

The output shows that all link aggregation groups created on the device perform load sharing based on source and destination MAC addresses.

Layer 2 dynamic aggregation configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 5:

· Device A and Device B are connected through their respective Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 through GigabitEthernet 1/0/3.

· Configure a Layer 2 dynamic aggregation group on Device A and Device B respectively, enable VLAN 10 at one end of the aggregate link to communicate with VLAN 10 at the other end, and VLAN 20 at one end to communicate with VLAN 20 at the other end.

· Enable traffic to be load-shared across aggregation group member ports based on source and destination MAC addresses.

Figure 5 Network diagram for Layer 2 dynamic aggregation

Configuration procedure

1. Configure Device A

# Create VLAN 10, and assign the port GigabitEthernet 1/0/4 to VLAN 10.

<DeviceA> system-view

[DeviceA] vlan 10

[DeviceA-vlan10] port gigabitethernet 1/0/4

[DeviceA-vlan10] quit

# Create VLAN 20, and assign the port GigabitEthernet 1/0/5 to VLAN 20.

[DeviceA] vlan 20

[DeviceA-vlan20] port gigabitethernet 1/0/5

[DeviceA-vlan20] quit

# Create Layer 2 aggregate interface Bridge-Aggregation 1, and configure the link aggregation mode as dynamic.

[DeviceA] interface bridge-aggregation 1

[DeviceA-Bridge-Aggregation1] link-aggregation mode dynamic

[DeviceA-Bridge-Aggregation1] quit

# Assign ports GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 through GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 to link aggregation group 1 one at a time.

[DeviceA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port link-aggregation group 1

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[DeviceA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port link-aggregation group 1

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[DeviceA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] port link-aggregation group 1

[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

# Configure Layer 2 aggregate interface Bridge-Aggregation 1 as a trunk port and assign it to VLANs 10 and 20.

[DeviceA] interface bridge-aggregation 1

[DeviceA-Bridge-Aggregation1] port link-type trunk

[DeviceA-Bridge-Aggregation1] port trunk permit vlan 10 20

Please wait... Done.

Configuring GigabitEthernet1/0/1... Done.

Configuring GigabitEthernet1/0/2... Done.

Configuring GigabitEthernet1/0/3... Done.

[DeviceA-Bridge-Aggregation1] quit

# Configure the device to use the source and destination MAC addresses of packets as the global link-aggregation load sharing criteria.

[DeviceA] link-aggregation load-sharing mode source-mac destination-mac

2. Configure Device B

Configure Device B using the same instructions that you used to configure Device A.

3. Verify the configurations

# Display summary information about all aggregation groups on Device A.

[DeviceA] display link-aggregation summary

Aggregation Interface Type:

BAGG -- Bridge-Aggregation, RAGG -- Route-Aggregation

Aggregation Mode: S -- Static, D -- Dynamic

Loadsharing Type: Shar -- Loadsharing, NonS -- Non-Loadsharing

Actor System ID: 0x8000, 000f-e2ff-0001

AGG AGG Partner ID Select Unselect Share

Interface Mode Ports Ports Type

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BAGG1 D 0x8000, 000f-e2ff-0002 3 0 Shar

The output shows that link aggregation group 1 is a load shared Layer 2 dynamic aggregation group and it contains three Selected ports.

# Display the global link-aggregation load sharing criteria on Device A.

[DeviceA] display link-aggregation load-sharing mode

Link-Aggregation Load-Sharing Mode:

destination-mac address, source-mac address

The output shows that all link aggregation groups created on the device perform load sharing based on source and destination MAC addresses.

02-Layer 2 Configuration Guide

Aggregation group, member port, aggregate interface

Operational key

Configuration classes

LACP

Link aggregation modes

Network requirements

Configuration procedure

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Configuration procedure

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