目  录

1 IPv6静态路由

1.1 IPv6静态路由简介

1.2 IPv6静态路由配置限制和指导

1.3 配置IPv6静态路由

1.4 配置IPv6浮动静态路由

1.5 配置IPv6静态路由删除

1.6 配置IPv6静态路由与BFD联动

1.6.1 功能简介

1.6.2 配置限制和指导

1.6.3 配置控制报文方式的BFD检测

1.6.4 配置echo报文方式的BFD检测

1.7 开启向IPv6静态路由下一跳发送ND请求功能

1.8 IPv6静态路由显示和维护

1.9 IPv6静态路由配置举例‌

1.9.1 IPv6静态路由基本功能配置举例

1.9.2 IPv6静态路由与BFD联动（直连）配置举例

1.9.3 IPv6静态路由与BFD联动（非直连）配置举例

2 IPv6缺省路由

 

1 IPv6静态路由

1.1  IPv6静态路由简介

静态路由是一种特殊的路由，由管理员手工配置。当网络结构比较简单时，只需配置静态路由就可以使网络正常工作。

静态路由不能自动适应网络拓扑结构的变化。当网络发生故障或者拓扑发生变化后，必须由网络管理员手工修改配置。

IPv6静态路由与IPv4静态路由类似，适合于一些结构比较简单的IPv6网络。

1.2  IPv6静态路由配置限制和指导

本系列交换机仅支持前缀长度为≤64或=128的路由。

1.3  配置IPv6静态路由

(1)     进入系统视图。

system-view

(2)     配置IPv6静态路由。

（公网）

¡     指定出接口并指定下一跳

ipv6 route-static ipv6-address prefix-length interface-type interface-number next-hop-address [ permanent | track track-entry-number ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ recursive-lookup ] [ description text ]

¡     仅指定出接口、不指定下一跳

ipv6 route-static ipv6-address prefix-length interface-type interface-number [ permanent | track track-entry-number ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ recursive-lookup ] [ description text ]

¡     指定目的VPN实例并指定下一跳

ipv6 route-static ipv6-address prefix-length vpn-instance d-vpn-instance-name next-hop-address [ recursive-lookup { host-route| longest-match } ] [ permanent | track track-entry-number ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ recursive-lookup ] [ description text ]

¡     指定出接口、下一跳，并将IPv6静态路由与下一跳对应的ND表项相关联

ipv6 route-static ipv6-address prefix-length interface-type interface-number next-hop-address track-nd [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]

缺省情况下，未配置IPv6静态路由。

参数recursive-lookup host-route、recursive-lookup longest-match和recursive-lookup互斥，不能同时配置。

（VPN网络）

¡     指定出接口并指定下一跳

ipv6 route-static vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name ipv6-address prefix-length interface-type interface-number next-hop-address [ permanent | track track-entry-number ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ recursive-lookup ] [ description text ]

¡     仅指定出接口、不指定下一跳

ipv6 route-static vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name ipv6-address prefix-length interface-type interface-number [ permanent | track track-entry-number ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ recursive-lookup ] [ description text ]

¡     不指定出接口、仅指定下一跳

ipv6 route-static vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name ipv6-address prefix-length nexthop-address [ recursive-lookup { host-route | longest-match } ] [ public ] [ permanent | track track-entry-number ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ recursive-lookup ] [ description text ]

¡     指定目的VPN实例并指定下一跳

ipv6 route-static vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name ipv6-address prefix-length vpn-instance d-vpn-instance-name nexthop-address [ recursive-lookup { host-route | longest-match } ] [ permanent | track track-entry-number ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ recursive-lookup ] [ description text ]

¡     指定出接口、下一跳，并将IPv6静态路由与下一跳对应的ND表项相关联

ipv6 route-static vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name ipv6-address prefix-length interface-type interface-number next-hop-address track-nd [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]

缺省情况下，未配置IPv6静态路由。

参数recursive-lookup host-route、recursive-lookup longest-match和recursive-lookup互斥，不能同时配置。

(3)     （可选）配置IPv6静态路由的缺省优先级。

ipv6 route-static default-preference default-preference

缺省情况下，IPv6静态路由的缺省优先级为60。

1.4  配置IPv6浮动静态路由

配置IPv6浮动静态路由可以实现路由备份，提高网络可靠性。

如果设备上已存在去往某一目的地址的IPv6静态或动态路由，则再配置一条低优先级的IPv6静态路由可以起到路由备份的作用，从而提高网络可靠性。这条优先级较低的IPv6静态路由称为IPv6浮动静态路由，只有当主路由不可用时该IPv6静态路由才会被激活，承担数据转发业务；在主路由恢复正常后，该IPv6静态路由又变为不活跃状态，数据转发业务仍然由主路由承担。

IPv6浮动静态路由有如下两种配置方式：

·     为目的地址相同的多条IPv6静态路由指定不同的优先级，则低优先级的IPv6静态路由自动成为备份路由。

·     如果设备上已存在去往某一目的地址的IPv6动态路由，则可以再配置一条低优先级IPv6静态路由。当主用路由暂时不可用时，该静态路由将承担数据转发业务。

在配置IPv6浮动静态路由时，该路由优先级的值需大于主用路由优先级的值，具体的配置步骤请参见“配置IPv6静态路由”。

1.5  配置IPv6静态路由删除

1. 功能简介

使用undo ipv6 route-static命令可以删除一条IPv6静态路由，而使用delete ipv6 static-routes all命令可以删除包括缺省路由在内的所有IPv6静态路由。

2. 配置步骤

(1)     进入系统视图。

system-view

(2)     删除所有IPv6静态路由。

delete ipv6 [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] static-routes all

 

1.6  配置IPv6静态路由与BFD联动

1.6.1  功能简介

BFD（Bidirectional Forwarding Detection，双向转发检测）提供了一个通用的、标准化的、介质无关、协议无关的快速故障检测机制，可以为上层协议（如路由协议）统一地快速检测两台路由器间双向转发路径的故障。使能IPv6与BFD联动功能后，BFD将对IPv6静态路由的下一跳可达性进行快速检测。当检测到下一跳不可达时，相应的IPv6静态路由将会被删除。

关于BFD的详细介绍，请参见“可靠性配置指导”中的“BFD”。

1.6.2  配置限制和指导

配置IPv6静态路由与BFD联动时，需要注意：

·     对于直连下一跳，当指定的出接口类型为非P2P接口时，建议用户通过bfd-source命令指定BFD源IPv6地址，该地址必须为出接口的IPv6地址，且与下一跳IPv6地址处在同一网段。如果下一跳IPv6地址指定的是链路本地地址，本参数也必须是链路本地地址。

·     对于直连下一跳或者非直连下一跳，如果要指定BFD源IPv6地址，那么下一跳IPv6地址和BFD源IPv6地址必须成对配置，即本端指定的下一跳IPv6地址是对端的BFD源IPv6地址，本端指定的BFD源IPv6地址是对端的下一跳IPv6地址。

·     路由震荡时，使能BFD功能可能会加剧震荡，请谨慎使用。

1.6.3  配置控制报文方式的BFD检测

1. 功能简介

通过控制报文检测两个方向上的链路状态，实现毫秒级别的链路故障检测。

控制报文方式的BFD检测支持直连下一跳和非直连下一跳：

·     直连下一跳是指下一跳和本端是直连的，配置时必须指定出接口和下一跳。

·     非直连下一跳是指下一跳和本端不是直连的，中间还有其它设备。配置时必须指定下一跳和BFD源IPv6地址。

2. 配置限制和指导

本端配置控制报文方式的BFD检测时，需要对端也配置控制报文方式的BFD检测。

3. 配置直连下一跳BFD检测

(1)     进入系统视图。

system-view

(2)     配置静态路由与BFD联动。

ipv6 route-static [ vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name ] ipv6-address prefix-length interface-type interface-number next-hop-address bfd control-packet [ bfd-source ipv6-address ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]

缺省情况下，未配置IPv6静态路由与BFD联动。

4. 配置非直连下一跳BFD检测

(1)     进入系统视图。

system-view

(2)     配置静态路由与BFD联动。

ipv6 route-static [ vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name ] ipv6-address prefix-length [ vpn-instance d-vpn-instance-name ] { next-hop-address [ recursive-lookup { host-route | longest-match } ] bfd control-packet bfd-source ipv6-address } [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]

缺省情况下，未配置IPv6静态路由与BFD联动。

1.6.4  配置echo报文方式的BFD检测

1. 功能简介

通过echo报文方式的BFD检测链路时，echo报文的目的地址为本端接口地址，发送给下一跳设备后会直接转发回本端。

2. 配置限制和指导

只需要在本端配置echo报文方式的BFD检测。

IPv6静态路由的出接口处于SPOOFING状态时，不能使用BFD进行检测。

3. 配置步骤

(1)     进入系统视图。

system-view

(2)     配置echo报文的源IPv6地址。

bfd echo-source-ipv6 ipv6-address

缺省情况下，未配置echo报文的源IPv6地址。

echo报文源IPv6地址仅支持全球单播地址。

为了避免对端发送大量的ICMPv6重定向报文造成网络拥塞，建议配置echo报文的源IPv6地址不属于该设备任何一个接口所在的网段。

本命令的详细情况请参见“可靠性命令参考”中的“BFD”。

(3)     配置静态路由与BFD联动。

ipv6 route-static [ vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name ] ipv6-address prefix-length interface-type interface-number next-hop-address bfd echo-packet [ bfd-source ipv6-address ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]

缺省情况下，未配置IPv6静态路由与BFD联动。

下一跳IPv6地址必须为全球单播地址。

1.7  开启向IPv6静态路由下一跳发送ND请求功能

1. 功能简介

设备上存在如下类型IPv6静态路由时，建议配置本功能：

·     迭代到主机路由的IPv6静态路由，包括指定recursive-lookup host-route参数只能迭代到主机路由的IPv6静态路由，或按照路由策略迭代到主机路由（通过protocol nexthop recursive-lookup命令配置）的IPv6静态路由。如果因下一跳主机地址对应的ND表项无法及时更新为老化删除，会导致设备的IPv6路由表中不存在直接相连的邻居设备的主机路由，从而导致路由迭代失败、该IPv6静态路由无法激活。

·     指定了track-nd参数将下一跳与ND表项相关联的IPv6静态路由。如果设备上该下一跳地址对应的ND表项无法及时更新而老化删除，会造成该IPv6静态路由不激活。

配置本命令后，对于迭代到主机路由的IPv6静态路由，设备将按照设置的时间间隔周期性地向不带出接口且下一跳迭代主机路由失败的IPv6静态路由下一跳发送ND请求，当收到主机的ND应答后，设备会将该主机路由添加到路由表中，迭代到该主机路由的IPv6静态路由便会自动激活，这时设备停止向该IPv6静态路由下一跳发送ND请求；对于指定了track-nd参数将下一跳与ND表项相关联的IPv6静态路由，设备将按照设置的时间间隔周期性地向关联ND表项的IPv6静态路由下一跳发送ND请求，当收到下一跳的ND应答后，该IPv6静态路由便会自动激活，这时设备停止向该IPv6静态路由下一跳发送ND请求。

2. 配置步骤

(1)     进入系统视图。

system-view

(2)     开启向IPv6静态路由下一跳发送ND请求的功能。

ipv6 route-static nd-request [ interval interval ]

缺省情况下，向IPv6静态路由下一跳发送ND请求功能处于关闭状态。

1.8  IPv6静态路由显示和维护

在完成上述配置后，在任意视图下执行display命令查看IPv6静态路由配置的运行情况并检验配置结果。

表1-1 IPv6静态路由显示和维护

操作	命令
显示IPv6静态路由下一跳信息	display ipv6 route-static nib [ nib-id ] [ verbose ]
显示IPv6静态路由表信息	display ipv6 route-static routing-table [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] [ ipv6-address prefix-length ]
查看IPv6静态路由表信息（本命令的详细情况请参见“三层技术-IP路由命令参考”中的“IP路由基础”）	display ipv6 routing-table protocol static [ inactive | verbose ]

 

1.9  IPv6静态路由配置举例‌

1.9.1  IPv6静态路由基本功能配置举例

1. 组网要求

要求各交换机之间配置IPv6静态路由后，可以使所有主机和交换机之间互通。

2. 组网图

图1-1 IPv6静态路由基本功能配置组网图

 

3. 配置步骤

(1)     创建VLAN，配置各VLAN接口的IPv6地址

# 配置Switch A。

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] sysname SwitchA

[SwitchA] vlan 100

[SwitchA-vlan100] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchA-vlan100] quit

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 100

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] ipv6 address 1::1 64

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] quit

[SwitchA] vlan 200

[SwitchA-vlan200] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 200

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface200] ipv6 address 4::1 64

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface200] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface200] quit

[SwitchA] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[SwitchA] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

# 配置Switch B。

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] sysname SwitchB

[SwitchB] vlan 200

[SwitchB-vlan200] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchB-vlan200] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 200

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface200] ipv6 address 4::2 64

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface200] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface200] quit

[SwitchB] vlan 300

[SwitchB-vlan300] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchB-vlan300] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 300

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface300] ipv6 address 5::2 64

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface300] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface300] quit

[SwitchB] vlan 400

[SwitchB-vlan400] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[SwitchB-vlan400] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 400

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface400] ipv6 address 2::1 64

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface400] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface400] quit

[SwitchB] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[SwitchB] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[SwitchB] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

# 配置Switch C。

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] sysname SwitchC

[SwitchC] vlan 500

[SwitchC-vlan500] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchC-vlan500] quit

[SwitchC] interface vlan-interface 500

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface500] ipv6 address 3::1 64

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface500] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface500] quit

[SwitchC] vlan 300

[SwitchC-vlan300] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchC-vlan300] quit

[SwitchC] interface vlan-interface 300

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface300] ipv6 address 5::1 64

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface300] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface300] quit

[SwitchC] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[SwitchC] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

(2)     配置IPv6静态路由

# 在Switch A上配置IPv6缺省路由。

[SwitchA] ipv6 route-static :: 0 4::2

# 在Switch B上配置两条IPv6静态路由。

[SwitchB] ipv6 route-static 1:: 64 4::1

[SwitchB] ipv6 route-static 3:: 64 5::1

# 在Switch C上配置IPv6缺省路由。

[SwitchC] ipv6 route-static :: 0 5::2

(3)     配置主机地址和网关

根据组网图配置好各主机的IPv6地址，并将Host A的缺省网关配置为1::1，Host B的缺省网关配置为2::1，Host C的缺省网关配置为3::1。

4. 验证配置

# 查看Switch A的IPv6静态路由信息。

[SwitchA] display ipv6 routing-table protocol static

 

Summary count : 1

 

Static Routing table status : <Active>

Summary count : 1

 

Destination: ::/0                                        Protocol  : Static

NextHop    : 4::2                                        Preference: 60

Interface  : Vlan200                                     Cost      : 0

 

Static Routing table status : <Inactive>

Summary count : 0

# 查看Switch B的IPv6静态路由信息。

[SwitchB] display ipv6 routing-table protocol static

 

Summary count : 2

 

Static Routing table status : <Active>

Summary count : 2

 

Destination: 1::/64                                      Protocol  : Static

NextHop    : 4::1                                        Preference: 60

Interface  : Vlan200                                     Cost      : 0

 

Destination: 3::/64                                      Protocol  : Static

NextHop    : 5::1                                        Preference: 60

Interface  : Vlan300                                     Cost      : 0

 

Static Routing table status : <Inactive>

Summary count : 0

# 使用Ping进行验证。

[SwitchA] ping ipv6 3::1

Ping6(56 data bytes) 4::1 --> 3::1, press CTRL+C to break

56 bytes from 3::1, icmp_seq=0 hlim=62 time=0.700 ms

56 bytes from 3::1, icmp_seq=1 hlim=62 time=0.351 ms

56 bytes from 3::1, icmp_seq=2 hlim=62 time=0.338 ms

56 bytes from 3::1, icmp_seq=3 hlim=62 time=0.373 ms

56 bytes from 3::1, icmp_seq=4 hlim=62 time=0.316 ms

 

--- Ping6 statistics for 3::1 ---

5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 packet(s) received, 0.0% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = 0.316/0.416/0.700/0.143 ms

5. 配置文件

·     Switch A

#

 sysname SwitchA

#

vlan 100

#

vlan 200

#

interface Vlan-interface100

 ipv6 address 1::1/64

#

interface Vlan-interface200

 ipv6 address 4::1/64

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 port access vlan 100

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2

 port access vlan 200

#

 ipv6 route-static :: 0 4::2

#

return

·     Switch B

#

 sysname SwitchB

#

vlan 200

#

vlan 300

#

vlan 400

#

interface Vlan-interface200

 ipv6 address 4::2/64

#

interface Vlan-interface300

 ipv6 address 5::2/64

#

interface Vlan-interface400

 ipv6 address 2::1/64

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 port access vlan 200

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2

 port access vlan 300

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/3

 port access vlan 400

#

 ipv6 route-static 1:: 64 4::1

 ipv6 route-static 3:: 64 5::1

#

return

·     Switch C

#

 sysname SwitchC

#

vlan 300

#

vlan 500

#

interface Vlan-interface300

 ipv6 address 5::1/64

#

interface Vlan-interface500

 ipv6 address 3::1/64

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 port access vlan 500

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2

 port access vlan 300

#

 ipv6 route-static :: 0 5::2

#

return

1.9.2  IPv6静态路由与BFD联动（直连）配置举例

1. 组网需求

·     在Switch A上配置IPv6静态路由可以到达120::/64网段，在Switch B上配置IPv6静态路由可以到达121::/64网段，并都使能BFD检测功能。

·     在Switch C上配置IPv6静态路由可以到达120::/64网段和121::/64网段。

·     当Switch A和Switch B通过L2 Switch通信的链路出现故障时，BFD能够快速感知，并且切换到Switch C进行通信。

2. 组网图

图1-2 IPv6静态路由与BFD联动（直连）配置组网图

设备	接口	IPv6地址	设备	接口	IPv6地址
Switch A	Vlan-int10	12::1/64	Switch B	Vlan-int10	12::2/64
	Vlan-int11	10::102/64		Vlan-int13	13::1/64
Switch C	Vlan-int11	10:: 100/64
	Vlan-int13	13::2/64

 

3. 配置步骤

(1)     创建VLAN，配置各VLAN接口的IPv6地址

# 配置Switch A。

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] sysname SwitchA

[SwitchA] vlan 10

[SwitchA-vlan10] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchA-vlan10] quit

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 10

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface10] ipv6 address 12::1 64

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface10] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface10] quit

[SwitchA] vlan 11

[SwitchA-vlan11] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 11

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface11] ipv6 address 10::102 64

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface11] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface11] quit

[SwitchA] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[SwitchA] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

# 配置Switch B。

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] sysname SwitchB

[SwitchB] vlan 10

[SwitchB-vlan10] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchB-vlan10] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 10

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface10] ipv6 address 12::2 64

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface10] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface10] quit

[SwitchB] vlan 13

[SwitchB-vlan13] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchB-vlan13] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 13

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface13] ipv6 address 13::1 64

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface13] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface13] quit

[SwitchB] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[SwitchB] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

# 配置Switch C。

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] sysname SwitchC

[SwitchC] vlan 11

[SwitchC-vlan11] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchC-vlan11] quit

[SwitchC] interface vlan-interface 11

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface11] ipv6 address 10::100 64

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface11] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface11] quit

[SwitchC] vlan 13

[SwitchC-vlan13] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchC-vlan13] quit

[SwitchC] interface vlan-interface 13

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface13] ipv6 address 13::2 64

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface13] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface13] quit

[SwitchC] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[SwitchC] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

(2)     配置IPv6静态路由和BFD

# 在Switch A上配置静态路由，并使能BFD检测功能，使用控制报文方式。

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 10

[SwitchA-vlan-interface10] bfd min-transmit-interval 500

[SwitchA-vlan-interface10] bfd min-receive-interval 500

[SwitchA-vlan-interface10] bfd detect-multiplier 9

[SwitchA-vlan-interface10] quit

[SwitchA] ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 vlan-interface 10 12::2 bfd control-packet

[SwitchA] ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 vlan-interface 11 10::100 preference 65

[SwitchA] quit

# 在Switch B上配置IPv6静态路由，并使能BFD检测功能，使用控制报文方式。

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 10

[SwitchB-vlan-interface10] bfd min-transmit-interval 500

[SwitchB-vlan-interface10] bfd min-receive-interval 500

[SwitchB-vlan-interface10] bfd detect-multiplier 9

[SwitchB-vlan-interface10] quit

[SwitchB] ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 vlan-interface 10 12::1 bfd control-packet

[SwitchB] ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 vlan-interface 13 13::2 preference 65

[SwitchB] quit

# 在Switch C上配置静态路由。

[SwitchC] ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 13::1

[SwitchC] ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 10::102

4. 验证配置

下面以Switch A为例，Switch B和Switch A类似，不再赘述。

# 查看BFD会话，可以看到BFD会话已经创建。

<SwitchA> display bfd session

 Total sessions: 1        Up sessions: 1        Init mode: Active

 

 IPv6 session working in control packet mode:

 

       Local Discr: 513                 Remote Discr: 33

         Source IP: 12::1

    Destination IP: 12::2

     Session State: Up                      Interface: Vlan10

         Hold Time: 2012ms

# 查看静态路由，可以看到Switch A经过L2 Switch到达Switch B。

<SwitchA> display ipv6 routing-table protocol static

 

Summary count : 1

 

Static Routing table status : <Active>

Summary count : 1

 

Destination: 120::/64                                    Protocol  : Static

NextHop    : 12::2                                       Preference: 60

Interface  : Vlan10                                      Cost      : 0

 

Direct Routing table status : <Inactive>

Summary count : 0

当Switch A和Switch B通过L2 Switch通信的链路出现故障时：

# 查看IPv6静态路由，可以看到Switch A经过Switch C到达Switch B。

<SwitchA> display ipv6 routing-table protocol static

 

Summary count : 1

 

Static Routing table status : <Active>

Summary count : 1

 

Destination: 120::/64                                    Protocol  : Static

NextHop    : 10::100                                     Preference: 65

Interface  : Vlan11                                      Cost      : 0

 

Static Routing table status : < Inactive>

Summary count : 0

5. 配置文件

·     Switch A

#

 sysname SwitchA

#

vlan 10

#

vlan 11

#

interface Vlan-interface10

 ipv6 address 12::1/64

 bfd min-transmit-interval 500

 bfd min-receive-interval 500

 bfd detect-multiplier 9

#

interface Vlan-interface11

 ipv6 address 10::102/64

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 port access vlan 10

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2

 port access vlan 11

#

 ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 Vlan-interface10 12::2 bfd control-packet

 ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 Vlan-interface11 10::100 preference 65

#

return

·     Switch B

#

 sysname SwitchB

#

vlan 10

#

vlan 13

#

interface Vlan-interface10

 ipv6 address 12::2/64

 bfd min-transmit-interval 500

 bfd min-receive-interval 500

 bfd detect-multiplier 9

#

interface Vlan-interface13

 ipv6 address 13::1/64

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 port access vlan 10

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2

 port access vlan 13

#

 ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 Vlan-interface10 12::1 bfd control-packet

 ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 Vlan-interface13 13::2 preference 65

#

return

·     Switch C

#

 sysname SwitchC

#

vlan 11

#

vlan 13

#

interface Vlan-interface11

 ipv6 address 10::100/64

#

interface Vlan-interface13

 ipv6 address 13::2/64

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 port access vlan 11

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2

 port access vlan 13

#

 ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 13::1

 ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 10::102

#

return

1.9.3  IPv6静态路由与BFD联动（非直连）配置举例

1. 组网需求

·     在Switch A上配置IPv6静态路由可以到达120::/64网段，在Switch B上配置IPv6静态路由可以到达121::/64网段，并都使能BFD检测功能。

·     在Switch C和Switch D上配置IPv6静态路由可以到达120::/64网段和121::/64网段。

·     Switch A存在到Switch B的接口Loopback1（2::9/128）的路由，出接口为Vlan-interface10；Switch B存在到Switch A的接口Loopback1（1::9/128）的路由，出接口为Vlan-interface12；Switch D存在到1::9/128的路由，出接口为Vlan-interface10，存在到2::9/128的路由，出接口为Vlan-interface12。

·     当Switch A和Switch B通过Switch D通信的链路出现故障时，BFD能够快速感知，并且切换到Switch C进行通信。

2. 组网图

图1-3 IPv6静态路由与BFD联动（非直连）配置组网图

 

设备	接口	IPv6地址	设备	接口	IPv6地址
Switch A	Vlan-int10	12::1/64	Switch B	Vlan-int12	11::2/64
	Vlan-int11	10::102/64		Vlan-int13	13::1/64
	Loop1	1::9/128		Loop1	2::9/128
Switch C	Vlan-int11	10::100/64	Switch D	Vlan-int10	12::2/64
	Vlan-int13	13::2/64		Vlan-int12	11::1/64

 

3. 配置步骤

(1)     创建VLAN，配置各VLAN接口的IPv6地址

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] sysname SwitchA

[SwitchA] vlan 10

[SwitchA-vlan10] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchA-vlan10] quit

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 10

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface10] ipv6 address 12::1 64

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface10] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface10] quit

[SwitchA] vlan 11

[SwitchA-vlan11] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 11

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface11] ipv6 address 10::102 64

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface11] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface11] quit

[SwitchA] interface loopback 1

[SwitchA-LoopBack1] ipv6 address 1::9 128

[SwitchA-LoopBack1] quit

[SwitchA] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[SwitchA] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo shutdown

[SwitchA-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

# 配置Switch B。

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] sysname SwitchB

[SwitchB] vlan 12

[SwitchB-vlan12] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchB-vlan12] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 12

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface12] ipv6 address 11::2 64

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface12] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface12] quit

[SwitchB] vlan 13

[SwitchB-vlan13] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchB-vlan13] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 13

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface13] ipv6 address 13::1 64

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface13] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface13] quit

[SwitchB] interface loopback 1

[SwitchB-LoopBack1] ipv6 address 2::9 128

[SwitchB-LoopBack1] quit

[SwitchB] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[SwitchB] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo shutdown

[SwitchB-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

# 配置Switch C。

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] sysname SwitchC

[SwitchC] vlan 11

[SwitchC-vlan11] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchC-vlan11] quit

[SwitchC] interface vlan-interface 11

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface11] ipv6 address 10::100 64

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface11] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface11] quit

[SwitchC] vlan 13

[SwitchC-vlan13] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchC-vlan13] quit

[SwitchC] interface vlan-interface 13

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface13] ipv6 address 13::2 64

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface13] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface13] quit

[SwitchC] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[SwitchC] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo shutdown

[SwitchC-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

# 配置Switch D。

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] sysname SwitchD

[SwitchD] vlan 10

[SwitchD-vlan10] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchD-vlan10] quit

[SwitchD] interface vlan-interface 10

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface10] ipv6 address 12::2 64

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface10] undo shutdown

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface10] quit

[SwitchD] vlan 12

[SwitchD-vlan12] port ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchD-vlan12] quit

[SwitchD] interface vlan-interface 12

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface12] ipv6 address 11::1 64

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface12] undo shutdown

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface12] quit

[SwitchD] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[SwitchD-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo shutdown

[SwitchD-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[SwitchD] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[SwitchD-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] undo shutdown

[SwitchD-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

(2)     配置IPv6静态路由和BFD

# 在Switch A上配置IPv6静态路由，并使能BFD检测功能，使用控制报文方式。

[SwitchA] bfd multi-hop min-transmit-interval 500

[SwitchA] bfd multi-hop min-receive-interval 500

[SwitchA] bfd multi-hop detect-multiplier 9

[SwitchA] ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 2::9 bfd control-packet bfd-source 1::9

[SwitchA] ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 10::100 preference 65

[SwitchA] ipv6 route-static 2::9 128 12::2

[SwitchA] ipv6 route-static 11:: 64 vlan-interface 10 12::2

[SwitchA] ipv6 route-static 13:: 64 vlan-interface 11 10::100

[SwitchA] quit

# 在Switch B上配置IPv6静态路由，并使能BFD检测功能，使用控制报文方式。

[SwitchB] bfd multi-hop min-transmit-interval 500

[SwitchB] bfd multi-hop min-receive-interval 500

[SwitchB] bfd multi-hop detect-multiplier 9

[SwitchB] ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 1::9 bfd control-packet bfd-source 2::9

[SwitchB] ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 13::2 preference 65

[SwitchB] ipv6 route-static 1::9 128 11::1

[SwitchB] ipv6 route-static 10:: 64 vlan-interface 13 13::2

[SwitchB] ipv6 route-static 12:: 64 vlan-interface 12 11::1

[SwitchB] quit

# 在Switch C上配置静态路由。

[SwitchC] ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 13::1

[SwitchC] ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 10::102

[SwitchC] ipv6 route-static 11:: 64 vlan-interface 13 13::1

[SwitchC] ipv6 route-static 12:: 64 vlan-interface 11 10::102

# 在Switch D上配置静态路由。

<SwitchD> system-view

[SwitchD] ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 11::2

[SwitchD] ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 12::1

[SwitchD] ipv6 route-static 2::9 128 11::2

[SwitchD] ipv6 route-static 1::9 128 12::1

[SwitchD] ipv6 route-static 10:: 64 vlan-interface 10 12::1

[SwitchD] ipv6 route-static 13:: 64 vlan-interface 12 11::2

4. 验证配置

下面以Switch A为例，Switch B和Switch A类似，不再赘述。

# 查看BFD会话，可以看到BFD会话已经创建。

<SwitchA> display bfd session

 Total sessions: 1        Up sessions: 1        Init mode: Active

 

 IPv6 session working in control packet mode:

 

       Local Discr: 513                 Remote Discr: 33

         Source IP: 1::9

    Destination IP: 2::9

     Session State: Up                      Interface: N/A

         Hold Time: 2012ms

# 查看IPv6静态路由，可以看到Switch A经过Switch D到达Switch B的直连网段120::/64。

<SwitchA> display ipv6 routing-table protocol static

 

Summary count : 4

 

Static Routing table status : <Active>

Summary count : 4

 

Destination: 2::9/128                                    Protocol  : Static

NextHop    : 12::2                                       Preference: 60

Interface  : Vlan10                                      Cost      : 0

 

Destination: 11::/64                                     Protocol  : Static

NextHop    : 12::2                                       Preference: 60

Interface  : Vlan10                                      Cost      : 0

 

Destination: 13::/64                                     Protocol  : Static

NextHop    : 10::100                                     Preference: 60

Interface  : Vlan11                                      Cost      : 0

 

Destination: 120::/64                                    Protocol  : Static

NextHop    : 2::9                                        Preference: 60

Interface  : Vlan10                                      Cost      : 0

 

Static Routing table status : <Inactive>

Summary count : 0

当Switch A和Switch B通过Switch D通信的链路出现故障时：

# 查看IPv6静态路由，可以看到Switch A经过Switch C到达Switch B的直连网段120::/64。

<SwitchA> display ipv6 routing-table protocol static

 

Summary count : 2

 

Static Routing table status : <Active>

Summary count : 2

 

Destination: 13::/64                                     Protocol  : Static

NextHop    : 10::100                                     Preference: 60

Interface  : Vlan11                                      Cost      : 0

 

Destination: 120::/64                                    Protocol  : Static

NextHop    : 10::100                                     Preference: 65

Interface  : Vlan11                                      Cost      : 0

 

Static Routing table status : <Inactive>

Summary count : 0

5. 配置文件

·     Switch A

#

 sysname SwitchA

#

 bfd multi-hop min-transmit-interval 500

 bfd multi-hop min-receive-interval 500

 bfd multi-hop detect-multiplier 9

#

interface LoopBack1

 ipv6 address 1::9/128

#

vlan 10

#

vlan 11

#

interface Vlan-interface10

 ipv6 address 12::1/64

#

interface Vlan-interface11

 ipv6 address 10::102/64

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 port access vlan 10

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2

 port access vlan 11

#

 ipv6 route-static 2::9 128 12::2

 ipv6 route-static 11:: 64 Vlan-interface10 12::2

 ipv6 route-static 13:: 64 Vlan-interface11 10::100

 ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 2::9 bfd control-packet bfd-source 1::9

 ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 10::100 preference 65

#

return

·     Switch B

#

 sysname SwitchB

#

 bfd multi-hop min-transmit-interval 500

 bfd multi-hop min-receive-interval 500

 bfd multi-hop detect-multiplier 9

#

interface LoopBack1

 ipv6 address 2::9/128

#

vlan 12

#

vlan 13

#

interface Vlan-interface12

 ipv6 address 11::2/64

#

interface Vlan-interface13

 ipv6 address 13::1/64

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 port access vlan 12

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2

 port access vlan 13

#

 ipv6 route-static 1::9 128 11::1

 ipv6 route-static 10:: 64 Vlan-interface13 13::2

 ipv6 route-static 12:: 64 Vlan-interface12 11::1

 ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 1::9 bfd control-packet bfd-source 2::9

 ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 13::2 preference 65

#

return

·     Switch C

#

 sysname SwitchC

#

vlan 11

#

vlan 13

#

interface Vlan-interface11

 ipv6 address 10::100/64

#

interface Vlan-interface13

 ipv6 address 13::2/64

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 port access vlan 11

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2

 port access vlan 13

#

 ipv6 route-static 11:: 64 Vlan-interface13 13::1

 ipv6 route-static 12:: 64 Vlan-interface11 10::102

 ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 13::1

 ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 10::102

#

return

·     Switch D

#

 sysname SwitchD

#

vlan 10

#

vlan 12

#

interface Vlan-interface10

 ipv6 address 12::2/64

#

interface Vlan-interface12

 ipv6 address 11::1/64

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1

 port access vlan 10

#

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/2

 port access vlan 12

#

 ipv6 route-static 1::9 128 12::1

 ipv6 route-static 2::9 128 11::2

 ipv6 route-static 10:: 64 Vlan-interface10 12::1

 ipv6 route-static 13:: 64 Vlan-interface12 11::2

 ipv6 route-static 120:: 64 11::2

 ipv6 route-static 121:: 64 12::1

#

return

2 IPv6缺省路由

IPv6缺省路由是在路由器没有找到匹配的IPv6路由表项时使用的路由。

IPv6缺省路由有两种生成方式：

·     第一种是网络管理员手工配置。配置请参见“配置IPv6静态路由”，指定的目的地址为::/0（前缀长度为0）。

·     第二种是动态路由协议生成（如OSPFv3、IPv6 IS-IS和RIPng），由路由能力比较强的路由器将IPv6缺省路由发布给其它路由器，其它路由器在自己的路由表里生成指向那台路由器的缺省路由。配置请参见各个路由协议手册。

如图2-1所示，Device A发往Device C、Device D和Device E的报文下一跳都是Device B，因此可在Device A上配置一条缺省路由，代替配置通往Device C、Device D和Device E网络的3条IPv6静态路由。

在Device A上配置IPv6缺省路由时，需要将目的地址和前缀长度配置为全零（::/0），下一跳地址为Device B接口的地址1::2。

图2-1 配置缺省路由