· NetStream collector—A program running in a Unix or Windows operating system. The NSC parses the packets received from the NDEs, and saves the data to its database.

· NetStream data analyzer—A network traffic analyzing tool. Based on the data in NSC, the NDA generates reports for traffic billing, network planning, and attack detection and monitoring. The NDA can collect data from multiple NSCs. Typically, the NDA features a Web-based system for easy operation.

NSC and NDA are typically integrated into a NetStream server.

Figure 1 IPv6 NetStream system

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IPv6 NetStream flow aging

IPv6 NetStream uses flow aging to enable the NDE to export IPv6 NetStream data to NetStream servers. IPv6 NetStream creates an IPv6 NetStream entry for each flow for storing the flow statistics in the cache.

When a flow is aged out, the NDE performs the following operations:

· Exports the summarized data to NetStream servers in a specific format.

· Clears IPv6 NetStream entry information in the cache.

IPv6 NetStream supports the following flow aging methods:

· Periodical aging.

· Forced aging.

· TCP FIN- and RST-triggered aging.

Periodical aging

Periodical aging uses the following methods:

· Inactive flow aging—A flow is inactive if no packet arrives for the IPv6 NetStream entry within the inactive flow aging timer. When the timer expires, the following events occur:

¡ The inactive flow entry is aged out.

¡ The statistics of the flow are sent to NetStream servers and are cleared in the cache. The statistics can no longer be displayed by using the display ipv6 netstream cache command.

This method ensures that inactive flow entries are cleared from the cache in a timely manner so new entries can be cached.

· Active flow aging—A flow is active if packets arrive for the IPv6 NetStream entry within the active flow aging timer. When the timer expires, the statistics of the active flow are exported to NetStream servers. The device continues to collect its statistics, which can be displayed by using the display ipv6 netstream cache command.

The active flow aging method periodically exports the statistics of active flows to NetStream servers.

Forced aging

This method clears the IPv6 NetStream cache immediately. All entries in the cache are aged out and exported to NetStream servers.

IPv6 NetStream data export

Traditional data export

IPv6 NetStream collects the statistics of each flow and exports the statistics to NetStream servers.

This method consumes a lot of bandwidth and CPU usage, and requires a large cache size. In addition, you do not need all of the data in most cases.

Aggregation data export

An IPv6 NetStream aggregation mode merges the flow statistics according to the aggregation criteria of the aggregation mode, and it sends the summarized data to NetStream servers. The IPv6 NetStream aggregation data export uses less bandwidth than the traditional data export.

Table 1 lists the available IPv6 NetStream aggregation modes. In each mode, the system merges multiple flows with the same values for all aggregation criteria into one aggregate flow. The system records the statistics for the aggregate flow. These aggregation modes work independently and can take effect concurrently.

Table 1 IPv6 NetStream aggregation modes

Aggregation mode	Aggregation criteria
AS aggregation	· Source AS number · Destination AS number · Input interface index · Output interface index
Protocol-port aggregation	· Protocol number · Source port · Destination port
Source-prefix aggregation	· Source AS number · Source mask · Source prefix (source network address) · Input interface index
Destination-prefix aggregation	· Destination AS number · Destination mask · Destination prefix (destination network address) · Output interface index
Source-prefix and destination-prefix aggregation	· Source AS number · Source mask · Source prefix (source network address) · Input interface index · Destination AS number · Destination mask · Destination prefix (destination network address) · Output interface index
BGP-nexthop	· BGP next hop · Output interface index

‌

If IPv6 packets are not forwarded according to the BGP routing table, the AS number or BGP next hop cannot be obtained.

IPv6 NetStream data export format

IPv6 NetStream exports data in the version 9 or version 10 format.

Both formats are template-based and support exporting the IPv6 NetStream aggregation data and collecting statistics about BGP next hop and MPLS packets.

The version 10 export format is compliant with the IPFIX standard.

NetStream mirroring

IPv6 NetStream mirroring copies the packets passing through an interface to a NetStream module for collecting traffic statistics. The forwarding performance of the device is not affected.

Protocols and standards

RFC 5101, Specification of the IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of IP Traffic Flow Information

IPv6 NetStream tasks at a glance

To configure IPv6 NetStream, perform the following tasks:

1. Enabling IPv6 NetStream.

Choose one of the following tasks:

¡ Enabling IPv6 NetStream (system view)

¡ Enabling IPv6 NetStream (interface view)

2. Configuring IPv6 NetStream mirroring

3. (Optional.) Configuring IPv6 NetStream sampling

4. (Optional.)

5. Configuring the RFC 7011 IPv6 NetStream template format

6. (Optional.) Configuring the IPv6 NetStream data export format

7. (Optional.) Configuring the refresh rate for IPv6 NetStream version 9 or version 10 template

8. (Optional.) Configuring MPLS-aware IPv6 NetStream

9. (Optional.) Configuring IPv6 NetStream flow aging

¡ Configuring periodical flow aging

¡ Configuring forced flow aging

10. Configuring the IPv6 NetStream data export

a. Configuring the IPv6 NetStream traditional data export

b. (Optional.) Configuring the IPv6 NetStream aggregation data export

Enabling IPv6 NetStream (system view)

Restrictions and guidelines

Enabling IPv6 NetStream in system view does not enable IPv6 NetStream on all interfaces. To enable IPv6 NetStream on an interface, you still need to enable IPv6 NetStream on this interface.

To use IPv6 NetStream mirroring in interface view, you also have to enable IPv6 NetStream in system view.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enable IPv6 NetStream.

ipv6 netstream

By default, IPv6 NetStream is disabled.

Enabling IPv6 NetStream (interface view)

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3. Enable IPv6 NetStream.

ipv6 netstream { inbound | outbound }

By default, IPv6 NetStream is disabled.

Configuring IPv6 NetStream mirroring

4. Enter system view.

system-view

5. Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

6. Mirror traffic on the interface to a slot.

ip netstream { inbound | outbound } mirror-to service chassis chassis-number slot slot-number [ backup chassis chassis-number slot slot-number ]

By default, traffic of an interface is not mirrored to a slot.

Configuring IPv6 NetStream sampling

Restrictions and guidelines

By default, the device enabled with IPv6 NetStream automatically samples one packet out of every 10000 packets for data collection. You can use a sampler to set another sampling rate, thus the collected statistics can basically reflect the network status. The higher the sampling rate, the less impact on device performance. As a best practice, set a proper sampling rate to lessen the impact of hardware resource consumption on the device forwarding performance.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Create a sampler.

sampler sampler-name mode { fixed | random } packet-interval rate

For more information about samplers, see "Configuring samplers."

3. Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

4. Configure IPv6 NetStream sampling.

ipv6 netstream { inbound | outbound } sampler sampler-name

By default, the device enabled with IPv6 NetStream automatically samples one packet out of every 10000 packets for data collection.

Configuring the RFC 7011 IPv6 NetStream template format

About this task

By default, IPv6 NetStream uses the H3C-defined template format to export data. This feature uses the template format defined by the RFC 7011 for data export.

Restrictions and guidelines

The IPv6 NetStream template format on the device must be consistent with that on the server.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Configure the IPv6 NetStream template to use the format defined by the RFC 7011.

ip netstream template rfc7011

By default, the IPv6 NetStream template uses the H3C format.

For more information about this command, see the NetStream commands in Network Management and Monitoring Command Reference.

Configuring the IPv6 NetStream data export format

About this task

When you configure the IPv6 NetStream data export format, you can also specify the following settings:

· Whether or not to export the BGP next hop information.

· How to export the autonomous system (AS) information: origin-as or peer-as.

¡ origin-as—Records the original AS numbers for the flow source and destination.

¡ peer-as—Records the peer AS numbers for the flow source and destination.

For example, as shown in Figure 2, a flow starts at AS 20, passes AS 21 through AS 23, and then reaches AS 24. IPv6 NetStream is enabled on the device in AS 22.

· Specify the origin-as keyword to export AS 20 as the source AS and AS 24 as the destination AS.

· Specify the peer-as keyword to export AS 21 as the source AS and AS 23 as the destination AS.

Figure 2 Recorded AS information varies by different keyword configurations

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Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Configure the IPv6 NetStream data export format, and configure the AS and BGP next hop export attributes.

¡ Configure the version 9 format.

ipv6 netstream export version 9 { origin-as | peer-as } [ bgp-nexthop ]

¡ Configure the version 10 format.

ipv6 netstream export version 10 [ origin-as | peer-as ] [ bgp-nexthop ]

By default:

¡ The version 9 format is used to export IPv6 NetStream data.

¡ The peer AS numbers for the flow source and destination are exported.

¡ The BGP next hop information is not exported.

Configuring the refresh rate for IPv6 NetStream version 9 or version 10 template

About this task

Version 9 and version 10 are template-based and support user-defined formats. An IPv6 NetStream device must send the updated template to NetStream servers regularly, because the servers do not permanently save templates.

For a NetStream server to use the correct version 9 or version 10 template, configure the time-based or packet count-based refresh rate. If both settings are configured, the template is sent when either of the conditions is met.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Configure the refresh rate for the IPv6 NetStream version 9 or version 10 template.

ipv6 netstream export template refresh-rate { packet packets | time minutes }

By default, the packet count-based refresh rate is 20 packets, and the time-based refresh interval is 30 minutes.

Configuring MPLS-aware IPv6 NetStream

About this task

An MPLS flow is identified by the same labels in the same position and the same 8-tuple elements. MPLS-aware NetStream collects and exports statistics on a maximum of three labels in the label stack, with or without IP fields.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Collect and export statistics on MPLS packets.

ip netstream mpls [ label-positions label-position1 [ label-position2 [ label-position3 ] ] ] [ no-ip-fields ]

By default, statistics of MPLS packets are not collected or exported.

Configuring IPv6 NetStream flow aging

Configuring periodical flow aging

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Set the aging timer for active flows.

ipv6 netstream timeout active minutes

By default, the aging timer for active flows is 1 minute.

3. Set the aging timer for inactive flows.

ipv6 netstream timeout inactive seconds

By default, the aging timer for inactive flows is 30 seconds.

Configuring forced flow aging

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Specify the processing method when the upper limit for cached entries is reached.

ipv6 netstream max-entry { aging | disable-caching }

By default, the system will age out the oldest entries when the number of cached entries reaches the upper limit.

3. Return to user view.

quit

4. Clear the cache, including the cached IPv6 NetStream entries and the related statistics.

reset ipv6 netstream statistics

Configuring the IPv6 NetStream data export

Configuring the IPv6 NetStream traditional data export

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Specify a destination host for IPv6 NetStream traditional data export.

ipv6 netstream export host { ipv4-address | ipv6-address } udp-port [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] [ chassis chassis-number slot slot-number [ cpu cpu-number ] ]

By default, no destination host is specified.

3. (Optional.) Specify the source interface for IPv6 NetStream data packets sent to the NetStream servers.

ipv6 netstream export source interface interface-type interface-number

By default, no source interface is specified for IPv6 NetStream data packets. The packets take the IPv6 address of the output interface (interface that is connected to the NetStream server) as the source IPv6 address.

As a best practice, connect the management Ethernet interface to a NetStream server, and configure the interface as the source interface.

4. (Optional.) Limit the IPv6 NetStream data export rate.

ipv6 netstream export rate rate

By default, the data export rate is not limited.

Configuring the IPv6 NetStream aggregation data export

About this task

The IPv6 NetStream aggregation is implemented by software.

Restrictions and guidelines

Configurations in IPv6 NetStream aggregation mode view apply only to the IPv6 NetStream aggregation data export. Configurations in system view apply to the IPv6 NetStream traditional data export. When no configuration in IPv6 NetStream aggregation mode view is provided, the configurations in system view apply to the IPv6 NetStream aggregation data export.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Specify an IPv6 NetStream aggregation mode and enter its view.

ipv6 netstream aggregation { as | bgp-nexthop | destination-prefix | prefix | protocol-port | source-prefix }

By default, no IPv6 NetStream aggregation mode is specified.

3. Enable the IPv6 NetStream aggregation mode.

enable

By default, the IPv6 NetStream aggregation is disabled.

4. Specify a destination host for IPv6 NetStream aggregation data export.

ipv6 netstream export host { ipv4-address | ipv6-address } udp-port [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

By default, no destination host is specified.

If you expect only IPv6 NetStream aggregation data, specify the destination host only in the related IPv6 NetStream aggregation mode view.

5. (Optional.) Specify the source interface for IPv6 NetStream data packets sent to the NetStream servers.

ipv6 netstream export source interface interface-type interface-number

By default, no source interface is specified for IPv6 NetStream data packets. The packets take the IPv6 address of the output interface as the source IPv6 address.

You can configure different source interfaces in different IPv6 NetStream aggregation mode views.

If no source interface is configured in IPv6 NetStream aggregation mode view, the source interface configured in system view applies.

Display and maintenance commands for IPv6 NetStream

Execute display commands in any view and reset commands in user view.

Task	Command
Display IPv6 NetStream entry information.	display ipv6 netstream cache [ verbose ] [ type { ip \| ipl2 \| l2 \| mpls [ label-position1 label-value1 [ label-position2 label-value2 [ label-position3 label-value3 ] ] ] } ] [ destination destination-ip \| destination-port destination-port \| interface interface-type interface-number \| protocol protocol \| source source-ip \| source-port source-port ] * [ arrived-time start-date start-time end-date end-time ] [ chassis chassis-number slot slot-number [ cpu cpu-number ] ]
Display the locally archived IPv6 NetStream entries.	display ipv6 netstream cache archive [ verbose ] [ type { ip \| ipl2 \| l2 \| mpls [ label-position1 label-value1 [ label-position2 label-value2 [ label-position3 label-value3 ] ] ] } ] [ destination destination-ip \| destination-port destination-port \| interface interface-type interface-number \| protocol protocol \| source source-ip \| source-port source-port ] * [ arrived-time start-date start-time end-date end-time ] [ chassis chassis-number slot slot-number [ cpu cpu-number ] ]
Display information about the IPv6 NetStream data export.	display ipv6 netstream export [ chassis chassis-number slot slot-number [ cpu cpu-number ] ]
Display IPv6 NetStream template information.	display ipv6 netstream template [ chassis chassis-number slot slot-number [ cpu cpu-number ] ]
Age out, export all IPv6 NetStream data, and clear the cache.	reset ipv6 netstream statistics

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IPv6 NetStream configuration examples

Example: Configuring IPv6 NetStream traditional data export

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 3, configure IPv6 NetStream on Router A to collect statistics on packets passing through Router A.

· Enable IPv6 NetStream for incoming and outgoing traffic on GigabitEthernet 1/2/0/1.

· Configure Router A to export the IPv6 NetStream traditional data to UDP port 5000 of the NetStream server.

Figure 3 Network diagram

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Procedure

# Assign an IP address to each interface, as shown in Figure 3. (Details not shown.)

# Enable IPv6 NetStream for incoming and outgoing traffic on GigabitEthernet 1/2/0/1.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/2/0/1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/2/0/1] ipv6 netstream inbound

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/2/0/1] ipv6 netstream outbound

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/2/0/1] quit

# Specify 40::1 as the IP address of the destination host and UDP port 5000 as the export destination port number.

[RouterA] ipv6 netstream export host 40::1 5000

Verifying the configuration

# Display information about IPv6 NetStream entries.

<Sysname> display ipv6 netstream cache

IPv6 NetStream cache information:

Active flow timeout : 60 min

Inactive flow timeout : 10 sec

Max number of entries : 1000

IPv6 active flow entries : 2

MPLS active flow entries : 0

IPL2 active flow entries : 0

IPv6 flow entries counted : 10

MPLS flow entries counted : 0

IPL2 flow entries counted : 0

Last statistics resetting time : 01/01/2000 at 00:01:02

IPv6 packet size distribution (1103746 packets in total):

1-32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256 288 320 352 384 416 448 480

.249 .694 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

512 544 576 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3584 4096 4608 >4608

.000 .000 .027 .000 .027 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

Protocol Total Packets Flows Packets Active(sec) Idle(sec)

Flows /sec /sec /flow /flow /flow

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

TCP-Telnet 2656855 372 4 86 49 27

TCP-FTP 5900082 86 9 9 11 33

TCP-FTPD 3200453 1006 5 193 45 33

TCP-WWW 546778274 11170 887 12 8 32

TCP-other 49148540 3752 79 47 30 32

UDP-DNS 117240379 570 190 3 7 34

UDP-other 45502422 2272 73 30 8 37

ICMP 14837957 125 24 5 12 34

IP-other 77406 5 0 47 52 27

Type DstIP(Port) SrcIP(Port) Pro TC FlowLbl If(Direct) Pkts

DstMAC(VLAN) SrcMAC(VLAN)

TopLblType(IP/MASK)Lbl-Exp-S-List

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

IP 2001::1(1024) 2002::1(21) 6 0 0x0 GE1/2/0/1(I) 42996

IP 2002::1(21) 2001::1(1024) 6 0 0x0 GE1/2/0/1(O) 42996

# Display information about the IPv6 NetStream data export.

[RouterA] display ipv6 netstream export

IPv6 export information:

Flow source interface : Not specified

Flow destination VPN instance : Not specified

Flow destination IP address (UDP) : 40::1 (5000)

Version 9 exported flow number : 10

Version 9 exported UDP datagram number (failed) : 10 (0)

Example: Configuring IPv6 NetStream aggregation data export

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 4, all routers in the network are running IPv6 EBGP. Configure IPv6 NetStream on Router A to meet the following requirements:

· Export the IPv6 NetStream traditional data to port 5000 of the NetStream server.

· Perform the IPv6 NetStream aggregation in the modes of AS, protocol-port, source-prefix, destination-prefix, and prefix.

· Export the aggregation data of different modes to the UDP ports 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 7000.

Figure 4 Network diagram

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Procedure

# Assign an IP address to each interface, as shown in Figure 4. (Details not shown.)

# Enable IPv6 NetStream for incoming and outgoing traffic on GigabitEthernet 1/2/0/1.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/2/0/1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/2/0/1] ipv6 netstream inbound

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/2/0/1] ipv6 netstream outbound

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/2/0/1] quit

# Specify 40::1 as the IP address of the destination host and UDP port 5000 as the export destination port number.

[RouterA] ipv6 netstream export host 40::1 5000

# Set the aggregation mode to AS, and specify the destination host for the aggregation data export.

[RouterA] ipv6 netstream aggregation as

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-as] enable

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-as] ipv6 netstream export host 40::1 2000

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-as] quit

# Set the aggregation mode to protocol-port, and specify the destination host for the aggregation data export.

[RouterA] ipv6 netstream aggregation protocol-port

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-protport] enable

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-protport] ipv6 netstream export host 40::1 3000

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-protport] quit

# Set the aggregation mode to source-prefix, and specify the destination host for the aggregation data export.

[RouterA] ipv6 netstream aggregation source-prefix

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-srcpre] enable

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-srcpre] ipv6 netstream export host 40::1 4000

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-srcpre] quit

# Set the aggregation mode to destination-prefix, and specify the destination host for the aggregation data export.

[RouterA] ipv6 netstream aggregation destination-prefix

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-dstpre] enable

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-dstpre] ipv6 netstream export host 40::1 6000

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-dstpre] quit

# Set the aggregation mode to prefix, and specify the destination host for the aggregation data export.

[RouterA] ipv6 netstream aggregation prefix

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-prefix] enable

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-prefix] ipv6 netstream export host 40::1 7000

[RouterA-ns6-aggregation-prefix] quit

Verifying the configuration

# Display information about the IPv6 NetStream data export.

[RouterA] display ipv6 netstream export

as aggregation export information:

Flow source interface : Not specified

Flow destination VPN instance : Not specified

Flow destination IP address (UDP) : 40::1 (2000)

Version 9 exported flow number : 0

Version 9 exported UDP datagram number (failed) : 0(0)

protocol-port aggregation export information:

Flow source interface : Not specified

Flow destination VPN instance : Not specified

Flow destination IP address (UDP) : 40::1 (3000)

Version 9 exported flow number : 0

Version 9 exported UDP datagram number (failed) : 0 (0)

source-prefix aggregation export information:

Flow source interface : Not specified

Flow destination VPN instance : Not specified

Flow destination IP address (UDP) : 40::1 (4000)

Version 9 exported flow number : 0

Version 9 exported UDP datagram number (failed) : 0 (0)

destination-prefix aggregation export information:

Flow source interface : Not specified

Flow destination VPN instance : Not specified

Flow destination IP address (UDP) : 40::1 (6000)

Version 9 exported flow number : 0

Version 9 exported UDP datagram number (failed) : 0 (0)

prefix aggregation export information:

Flow source interface : Not specified

Flow destination VPN instance : Not specified

Flow destination IP address (UDP) : 40::1 (7000)

Version 9 exported flow number : 0

Version 9 exported UDP datagram number (failed) : 0 (0)

IPv6 export information:

Flow source interface : Not specified

Flow destination VPN instance : Not specified

Flow destination IP address (UDP) : 40::1 (5000)

Version 9 exported flow number : 0

Version 9 exported UDP datagram number (failed) : 0 (0)

14-Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide

Periodical aging

Forced aging

Traditional data export

Aggregation data export

Protocols and standards

Restrictions and guidelines

Procedure

Configuring IPv6 NetStream mirroring

Restrictions and guidelines

Procedure

About this task

Restrictions and guidelines

Procedure

Configuring the IPv6 NetStream data export format

About this task

Procedure

About this task

Procedure

About this task

Procedure

Configuring IPv6 NetStream flow aging

About this task

Restrictions and guidelines

Procedure

Display and maintenance commands for IPv6 NetStream

Network configuration

Procedure

Verifying the configuration

Network configuration

Procedure

Verifying the configuration

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