Contents

Using automatic configuration· 1

Overview· 1

Using server-based automatic configuration· 1

Server-based automatic configuration task list 2

Configuring the file server 2

Preparing the files for automatic configuration· 2

Configuring the DHCP server 3

Configuring the DNS server 4

Configuring the gateway· 4

Preparing the interface used for automatic configuration· 5

Starting and completing automatic configuration· 5

Using USB-based automatic configuration· 5

Preparing the USB disk for automatic configuration· 6

USB-based automatic configuration procedure· 6

Server-based automatic configuration examples· 7

Automatic configuration using TFTP server 7

 

Using automatic configuration

Overview

With the automatic configuration feature, the device can automatically obtain a set of configuration settings at startup. This feature simplifies network configuration and maintenance.

Automatic configuration can be implemented by using a set of servers or a USB disk.

·     Server-based automatic configuration—Requires a DHCP server and a file server (TFTP server). A DNS server might also be required.

·     USB-based automatic configuration—Requires a USB disk with the configuration file.

Server-based automatic configuration applies to scenarios that have the following characteristics:

·     A number of devices need to be configured.

·     The devices to be configured are widely distributed.

·     The configuration workload on individual devices is heavy.

USB-based automatic configuration applies to scenarios that have the following characteristics:

·     Only a few devices require automatic configuration or configuration update.

·     The devices to be configured reside near to each other.

·     No host can be used as a file server.

If both server-based automatic configuration and USB-based automatic configuration are available, the device uses USB-based automatic configuration.

Using server-based automatic configuration

As shown in Figure 1, server-based automatic configuration requires the following servers:

·     DHCP server.

·     File server (TFTP server).

·     (Optional.) DNS server.

Figure 1 Server-based automatic configuration network diagram

 

Server-based automatic configuration task list

Tasks at a glance
(Required.) Configuring the file server
(Required.) Preparing the files for automatic configuration
(Required.) Configuring the DHCP server
(Optional.) Configuring the DNS server
(Optional.) Configuring the gateway
(Required.) Preparing the interface used for automatic configuration
(Required.) Starting and completing automatic configuration

 

Configuring the file server

For devices to obtain configuration information from a TFTP server, start TFTP service on the file server.

Preparing the files for automatic configuration

The device can use a script file or configuration file for automatic configuration.

·     For devices to use configuration files for automatic configuration, you must create and save the configuration files to the file server as described in "Configuration files." If you do not configure the DHCP server to assign configuration file names, you must also create a host name file on the TFTP server.

·     For devices to use script files for automatic configuration, you must create and save the script files to the file server as described in "Script files."

Host name file

The host name file contains host name-IP address mappings and must be named network.cfg.

All mapping entries in the host name file must use the ip host host-name ip-address format. Each mapping entry must reside on a separate line. For example:

ip host host1 101.101.101.101

ip host host2 101.101.101.102

ip host client1 101.101.101.103

ip host client2 101.101.101.104

Configuration files

To prepare configuration files:

·     For devices that require different configurations, perform the following tasks:

¡     Determine the name for each device's configuration file.

The configuration file names must use the extension .cfg. For simple file name identification, use configuration file names that do not contain spaces.

¡     Use the file names to save the configuration files for the devices to the file server.

·     For devices that share all or some configurations, save the common configurations to a .cfg file on the file server.

·     If a TFTP file server is used, you can save a default configuration file named device.cfg on the server. This file contains only common configurations that devices use to start up. This file is assigned to a device only when the device does not have other configuration files to use.

During the automatic configuration process, a device first tries to obtain a configuration file dedicated for it. If no dedicated configuration file is found, the device tries to obtain the common configuration file. If no common configuration file is found when a TFTP file server is used, the device obtains and uses the default configuration file.

Script files

Script files can be used for automatic software upgrade and automatic configuration. The device supports Python scripts (.py files) and Tcl scripts (.tcl files). For more information about Python and Tcl scripts, see "Using Python" and "Using Tcl."

To prepare script files:

·     For devices that share all or some configurations, create a script file that contains the common configurations.

·     For the other devices, create a separate script file for each of them.

Configuring the DHCP server

The DHCP server assigns the following items to devices that need to be automatically configured:

·     IP addresses.

·     Paths of the configuration files or scripts.

Configuration guidelines

When you configure the DHCP server, follow these guidelines:

·     For devices for which you have prepared different configuration files, perform the following tasks for each of the devices on the DHCP server:

¡     Create a DHCP address pool.

¡     Configure a static address binding.

¡     Specify a configuration file or script file.

Because an address pool can use only one configuration file, you can specify only one static address binding for an address pool.

·     For devices for which you have prepared the same configuration file, use either of the following methods:

¡     Method 1:

-     Create a DHCP address pool for the devices.

-     Configure a static address binding for each of the devices in the address pool.

-     Specify the configuration file for the devices.

¡     Method 2:

-     Create a DHCP address pool for the devices.

-     Specify the subnet for dynamic allocation.

-     Specify the TFTP server.

-     Specify the configuration file for the devices.

·     If all devices on a subnet share the same configuration file or script file, perform the following tasks on the DHCP server:

¡     Configure dynamic address allocation.

¡     Specify the configuration file or script file for the devices.

The configuration file can contain only the common settings for the devices. You can provide a method for the device administrators to change the configurations after their devices start up.

Configuring the DHCP server when a TFTP file server is used

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
1.     Enable DHCP.	dhcp enable	By default, DHCP is disabled.
2.     Create a DHCP address pool and enter its view.	dhcp server ip-pool pool-name	By default, no DHCP address pool is created.
3.     Configure the address pool.	·     (Method 1.) Specify the primary subnet for the address pool: network network-address [ mask-length | mask mask ] ·     (Method 2.) Configure a static binding: static-bind ip-address ip-address [ mask-length | mask mask ] { client-identifier client-identifier | hardware-address hardware-address [ ethernet | token-ring ] }	Use either or both methods. By default, no primary subnet or static binding is configured. You can add multiple static bindings. One IP address can be bound to only one client. To change the binding for a DHCP client, you must remove the binding and reconfigure a binding.
4.     Specify a TFTP server.	·     (Method 1.) Specify the IP address of the TFTP server: tftp-server ip-address ip-address ·     (Method 2.) Specify the name of the TFTP server: tftp-server domain-name domain-name	Use either or both methods. By default, no TFTP server is specified. If you specify a TFTP server by its name, a DNS server is required on the network.
5.     Specify the configuration or script file name.	bootfile-name bootfile-name	By default, no configuration or script file name is specified.

 

Configuring the DNS server

A DNS server is required in the following situations:

·     The TFTP server does not have a host name file. However, devices need to perform the following operations:

¡     Use their IP addresses to obtain their host names.

¡     Obtain configuration files named in the host name.cfg format from the TFTP server.

·     The DHCP server assigns the TFTP server domain name through the DHCP reply message. Devices must use the domain name to obtain the IP address of the TFTP server.

Configuring the gateway

If the devices to be automatically configured and the servers for automatic configuration reside in different network segments, you must perform the following tasks:

·     Deploy a gateway and make sure the devices can communicate with the servers.

·     Configure the DHCP relay agent feature on the gateway.

·     Configure the UDP helper feature on the gateway.

When a device sends a request through a broadcast packet to the file server, the UDP helper changes the broadcast packet to a unicast packet and forwards the unicast packet to the file server. For more information about UDP helper, see Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide.

Preparing the interface used for automatic configuration

The device uses the following steps to select the interface for automatic configuration:

1.     Identifies the status of the management Ethernet interface at Layer 2. If the status is up, the device uses the management Ethernet interface.

2.     Identifies the status of Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces. If one or more Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces are in up state, the device uses the VLAN interface of the default VLAN.

3.     Sorts all Layer 3 Ethernet interfaces in up state first in lexicographical order of interface types and then in ascending order of interface numbers. Uses the interface with the smallest interface number among the interfaces of the first interface type.

4.     If no Layer 3 Ethernet interfaces are in up state, the device waits 30 seconds and goes to step 1 to try again.

For fast automatic device configuration, connect only the management Ethernet interface on each device to the network.

Starting and completing automatic configuration

1.     Power on the devices to be automatically configured.

If a device does not find a next-start configuration file locally, it starts the automatic configuration process to obtain a configuration file. If one attempt fails, the device automatically starts the process again until the maximum number of attempts is reached. To stop the process, press Ctrl+C or Ctrl+D. If all attempts fail, the device starts up without loading a configuration file.

After obtaining a configuration file, the device automatically executes the configuration file.

2.     Use the save command to save the running configuration.

The device does not save the obtained configuration file locally. If you do not save the running configuration, the device must use the automatic configuration feature again after a reboot.

For more information about the save command, see Fundamentals Command Reference.

Using USB-based automatic configuration

When USB-based automatic configuration is enabled, the device tries to obtain a configuration file from the USB disk connected to its USB interface at startup.

After obtaining a configuration file, the device compares the file with its main startup configuration file.

·     If the two files have the same settings, the device loads its main startup configuration file.

·     If the two files have different settings or the device does not have a main startup configuration file, the device performs the following operations:

a.     Loads the obtained configuration file.

If a command in the obtained configuration file fails, the device rolls back all loaded settings and searches for a configuration file on the device.

-     If a configuration file is found, the device loads the configuration file.

-     If no configuration file is found, the device finishes the automatic configuration process without loading any configurations.

b.     Saves the file as the new startup configuration file.

-     If the two versions of main startup configuration files have the same name, the original file is renamed by using the name original base name_bak.cfg.

-     If another file is using the same name as the new main startup configuration file, the file is overwritten.

Preparing the USB disk for automatic configuration

Create and save the configuration files for automatic configuration to the root directory of the USB disk.

A configuration file can use the name Device serial number.cfg or autodeploy.cfg. To use Device serial number.cfg for a configuration file, first use the display device manuinfo command to obtain the device's serial number. For more information about this command, see Fundamentals Command Reference.

USB-based automatic configuration procedure

1.     Verify that USB-based automatic configuration is enabled on the device:

a.     Use the display startup command to display the names of the startup configuration files.

b.     Use the display saved-configuration command to display the startup configuration file for the next startup. For more information about the display startup and display saved-configuration commands, see Fundamentals Command Reference.

c.     If the file contains the undo autodeploy udisk enable command, perform the following task to enable USB-based automatic configuration:

 

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     Enable USB-based automatic configuration.	autodeploy udisk enable	By default, USB-based automatic configuration is enabled.

 

2.     If the device has two MPUs, remove one MPU.

3.     Connect the USB disk to the USB interface on the device.

The device does not check the USB disk for automatic configuration after it starts up.

The USB disk will be identified as usba0.

4.     Power on the device.

¡     If the automatic configuration succeeded, the SYS LED flashes green quickly for 5 seconds. Proceed with step 5.

¡     If the automatic configuration failed, the SYS LED flashes yellow quickly for 10 seconds. Display the log file named Fully qualified configuration file name.log in the USB disk root directory to locate and resolve the problem.

5.     If the automatic configuration succeeded, use the display current-configuration command to verify that the configuration file has been loaded correctly. For more information about this command, see Fundamentals Command Reference.

6.     Remove the USB disk.

If you do not remove the USB disk, the device might start USB-based automatic configuration at the next reboot.

7.     If you removed one MPU in step 1, install the MPU.

The MPU automatically synchronizes the configuration of the active MPU.

Server-based automatic configuration examples

Automatic configuration using TFTP server

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 2, Router B does not have a configuration file.

Configure the servers  so Router B can obtain a configuration file to complete the following configuration tasks:

·     Enable the administrator to Telnet to Router B to manage Router B.

·     Require the administrator to enter the correct username and password at login.

Figure 2 Network diagram

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Configure the DHCP server:

# Enable DHCP.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] dhcp enable

# Configure the address pool 1 to assign IP addresses on the subnet 192.168.1.0/24 to clients. Specify the TFTP server and configuration file name for the clients.

[RouterA] dhcp server ip-pool 1

[RouterA-dhcp-pool-1] network 192.168.1.0 24

[RouterA-dhcp-pool-1] tftp-server ip-address 192.168.1.40

[RouterA-dhcp-pool-1] bootfile-name device.cfg

[RouterA-dhcp-pool-market] quit

2.     Configure the TFTP server:

# On the TFTP server, create the configuration file device.cfg.

#

telnet server enable

#

local-user user

password simple abcabc

service-type telnet

quit

#

user-interface vty 0 4

authentication-mode scheme

user-role network-admin

quit

#

interface gigabitethernet 2/1/1

port link-mode route

ip address dhcp-alloc

return

# Start TFTP service software. (Details not shown.)

Verifying the configuration

1.     Power on Router B.

2.     After Router B starts up, display assigned IP addresses on Router A.

<RouterA> display dhcp server ip-in-use

IP address       Client identifier/    Lease expiration      Type

                 Hardware address

192.168.1.2      0030-3030-632e-3239-  Dec 12 17:41:15 2013  Auto(C)

                 3035-2e36-3736-622d-

                 4574-6830-2f30-2f32

3.     Telnet to 192.168.1.2 from Router A.

<RouterA> telnet 192.168.1.2

4.     Enter the username user and password abcabc as prompted. (Details not shown.)

You are logged in to Router B.