Table of Contents

1 FTP Configuration· 1-1

FTP Overview· 1-1

Introduction to FTP· 1-1

Operation of FTP· 1-1

Configuring the FTP Client 1-2

Establishing an FTP Connection· 1-2

Configuring the FTP Client 1-4

FTP Client Configuration Example· 1-5

Displaying and Maintaining FTP· 1-7

2 TFTP Configuration· 2-1

TFTP Overview· 2-1

Introduction to TFTP· 2-1

Operation of TFTP· 2-1

Configuring the TFTP Client 2-2

Displaying and Maintaining the TFTP Client 2-3

TFTP Client Configuration Example· 2-3

 

 

This chapter includes these sections:

l          FTP Overview

l          Configuring the FTP Client

l          Displaying and Maintaining FTP

FTP Overview

Introduction to FTP

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is an application layer protocol for sharing files between server and client over a TCP/IP network.

FTP uses TCP ports 20 and 21 for file transfer. Port 20 is used to transmit data, and port 21 to transmit control commands. See RFC 959 for details of FTP basic operation.

FTP transmits files in two modes:

l          Binary mode: Transfers files as raw data, like .app, .bin, and .btm files.

l          ASCII mode: Transfers files as text, like .txt, .bat, and .cfg files.

Operation of FTP

FTP adopts the client/server model. Your device can function either as the client or the server (as shown in Figure 1-1). They work in the following way:

l          When the device serves as the FTP client, use Telnet or an emulation program to log in to the device from the PC, execute the ftp command to establish a connection from the device (FTP client) to the PC (FTP server), and then upload/download files to/from the server.

l          When the device serves as the FTP server, run the FTP client program on the PC to establish a connection to the FTP server and upload/download files to/from the server

Figure 1-1 Network diagram for FTP

 

At present, the device can only serve as an FTP client.

When the device serves as the FTP client, you need to perform the following configuration:

Table 1-1 Configuration when the device serves as the FTP client

Device	Configuration	Remarks
Device (FTP client)	Use the ftp command to establish the connection to the remote FTP server	If the remote FTP server supports anonymous FTP, the device can log in to it directly; if not, the device must obtain the FTP username and password first to log in to the remote FTP server.
PC (FTP server)	Enable FTP server on the PC, and configure the username, password, user privilege level, and so on.	—

 

 

Configuring the FTP Client

Establishing an FTP Connection

Before you can access the FTP server, you must first establish a connection from the FTP client to the FTP server. You can either use the ftp command to establish the connection directly or use the open command in FTP client view to establish the connection.

Source address binding means to configure an IP address on a stable interface such as an loopback interface or Dialer interface, and then use this IP address as the source IP address of an FTP connection. The source address binding function simplifies the configuration of ACL rules and security policies. You just need to specify the source or destination address argument in an ACL rule as this address to filter inbound and outbound packets on the AP ignoring the difference between interface IP addresses as well as the affect of interface statuses. You can configure the source address by configuring the source interface or source IP address. The primary IP address configured on the source interface is the source address of the transmitted packets. The source address of the transmitted packets is selected following these rules:

l          If no source address is specified, the FTP client uses the IP address of the interface determined by the matched route as the source IP address to communicate with an FTP server.

l          If the source address is specified with the ftp client source or ftp command, this source address is used to communicate with an FTP server.

l          If the source address is specified with the ftp client source command and then with the ftp command, the address specified with the latter one is used to communicate with an FTP server.

The source address specified with the ftp client source command is valid for all FTP connections and the source address specified with the ftp command is valid only for the current FTP connection.

Follow these steps to establish an IPv4 FTP connection:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	—
Configure the source address of the FTP client	ftp client source { interface interface-type interface-number | ip source-ip-address }	Optional An AP uses the IP address of the interface determined by the matched route as the source IP address to communicate with the FTP server by default.
Exit to system view	quit	—
Log in to the remote FTP server directly in user view	ftp [ server-address [ service-port ] [ source { interface interface-type interface-number | ip source-ip-address } ] ]	Use either command. The ftp command is available in user view; and the open command is available in FTP client view.
Log in to the remote FTP server indirectly in FTP client view	ftp
	open server-address [ service-port ]

 

 

Follow these steps to establish an IPv6 FTP connection:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Log in to the remote FTP server directly in user view	ftp ipv6 [ server-address [ service-port ] [ source ipv6 source-ipv6-address ] [ -i interface-type interface-number ] ]	Use either command. The ftp ipv6 command is available in user view; and the open ipv6 command is available in FTP client view.
Log in to the remote FTP server indirectly in FTP client view	ftp ipv6
	open ipv6 server-address [ service-port ] [ -i interface-type interface-number ]

 

Configuring the FTP Client

After the AP serving as the FTP client has established a connection with the FTP server (For how to establish an FTP connection, see Establishing an FTP Connection.), the device can perform the following operations in the authorized directories:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Display help information of FTP-related commands supported by the remote FTP server	remotehelp [ protocol-command ]	Optional
Enable information display in a detailed manner	verbose	Optional Enabled by default
Enable FTP related debugging when the device acts as the FTP client	debugging	Optional Disabled by default
Use another username to relog after logging in to the FTP server successfully	user username [ password ]	Optional
Set the file transfer mode to ASCII	ascii	Optional ASCII by default
Set the file transfer mode to binary	binary	Optional ASCII by default
Change the working path on the remote FTP server	cd { directory | .. | / }	Optional
Exit the current directory and enter the upper level directory	cdup	Optional
Display files/directories information on the FTP server	dir [ remotefile [ localfile ] ]	Optional
Check files/directories on the FTP server	ls [ remotefile [ localfile ] ]	Optional
Download a file from the FTP server	get remotefile [ localfile ]	Optional
Upload a file to the FTP server	put localfile [ remotefile ]	Optional
Display the working directory that is being accessed	pwd	Optional
Find the working path of the FTP client	lcd	Optional
Create a directory on the FTP server	mkdir directory	Optional
Set the data transfer mode to passive	passive	Optional Passive by default
Delete the specified file on the FTP server permanently	delete remotefile	Optional
Delete specified directory on the FTP server	rmdir directory	Optional
Disconnect from the FTP server without exiting the FTP client view	disconnect	Optional Equal to the close command
Disconnect from the FTP server without exiting the FTP client view	close	Optional Equal to the disconnect command
Disconnect from the FTP server and exit to user view	bye	Optional
Terminate the connection with the remote FTP server, and exit to user view	quit	Optional Available in FTP client view, equal to the bye command

 

 

FTP Client Configuration Example

Network requirements

l          As shown in Figure 1-2, use an access point (AP) as an FTP client, PC as an FTP server. Their IP addresses are 10.2.1.1/16 and 10.1.1.1/16 respectively. AP and PC are reachable to each other.

l          AP downloads a boot file from PC, and uploads the configuration file to PC for backup.

l          On the PC, an FTP user account has been created for the FTP client (AP), with the username being abc and the password being pwd.

Figure 1-2 Network diagram for FTPing a boot file from an FTP server

 

Configuration procedure

 

 

# Log in to the server through FTP.

<Sysname> ftp 10.1.1.1

Trying 10.1.1.1

Connected to 10.1.1.1

220 WFTPD 2.0 service (by Texas Imperial Software) ready for new user

User(10.1.1.1:(none)):abc

331 Give me your password, please

Password:

230 Logged in successfully

# Set the transmission mode to binary.

[ftp] binary

200 Type set to I.

# Download boot file newest.app from PC to the device.

[ftp] get test.bin

 

227 Entering Passive Mode (10,1,1,1,4,1).

125 BINARY mode data connection already open, transfer starting for / test.bin.

.....226 Transfer complete.

FTP: 5805100 byte(s) received in 19.898 second(s) 291.74K byte(s)/sec.

# Upload configuration file config.cfg of the AP to the server for backup.

[ftp] ascii

[ftp] put config.cfg back-config.cfg

227 Entering Passive Mode (10,1,1,1,4,2).

125 ASCII mode data connection already open, transfer starting for /config.cfg.

226 Transfer complete.

FTP: 3494 byte(s) sent in 5.646 second(s), 618.00 byte(s)/sec.

[ftp] bye

# Specify test.bin as the main boot file to be used at the next startup.

<Sysname> boot-loader file test.bin main

# Reboot the AP.

<Sysname> reboot

 

 

Displaying and Maintaining FTP

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Display the configuration of the FTP client	display ftp client configuration	Available in any view

 

This chapter includes these sections:

l          TFTP Overview

l          Configuring the TFTP Client

l          Displaying and Maintaining the TFTP Client

l          TFTP Client Configuration Example

TFTP Overview

Introduction to TFTP

The Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) provides functions similar to those provided by FTP, but it is not as complex as FTP in interactive access interface and authentication. Therefore, it is more suitable in environments where complex interaction is not needed between client and server.

TFTP uses the UDP port 69 for data transmission. For TFTP basic operation, see RFC 1986.

In TFTP, file transfer is initiated by the client.

l          In a normal file downloading process, the client sends a read request to the TFTP server, receives data from the server, and then sends the acknowledgement to the server.

l          In a normal file uploading process, the client sends a write request to the TFTP server, sends data to the server, and receives the acknowledgement from the server.

TFTP transfers files in two modes:

l          Binary mode for program file transmission, like files with the suffixes .app, .bin, or .btm.

l          ASCII mode for text file transmission, like files with the suffixes .txt, .bat, or .cfg.

Operation of TFTP

Only the TFTP client service is available with the device at present.

Figure 2-1 TFTP configuration diagram

 

Before using TFTP, the administrator needs to configure IP addresses for the TFTP client and server, and make sure that there is a reachable route between the TFTP client and server.

When the device serves as the TFTP client, you need to perform the following configuration:

Table 2-1 Configuration when the device serves as the TFTP client

Device	Configuration	Remarks
Device (TFTP client)	l      Configure the IP address and routing function, and ensure that the route between the device and the TFTP server is available. l      You can use the tftp command to establish a connection to the remote TFTP server to upload/download files to/from the TFTP server	—
PC (TFTP server)	Enable TFTP server on the PC, and configure the TFTP working directory.	—

 

Configuring the TFTP Client

When a device acts as a TFTP client, you can upload a file on the device to a TFTP server and download a file from the TFTP server to the local device. You can use either of the following ways to download a file:

l          Normal download: The device writes the obtained a file to the storage medium directly. In this way, if you use a filename that has already existed in the directory, the original system file will be overwritten and if file download fails (for example, due to network disconnection), the device cannot start up normally because the original system file has been deleted.

l          Secure download: The device saves the obtained file to its memory and does not write it to the storage medium until the whole file is obtained. In this way, if file download fails (for example, due to network disconnection), the device can still start up because the original system file is not overwritten. This mode is more secure but consumes more memory.

You are recommended to use the secure mode or, if you use the normal mode, specify a filename not existing in the current directory as the target filename when downloading the startup file or the startup configuration file.

Source address binding means to configure an IP address on a stable interface such as an loopback interface or Dialer interface, and then use this IP address as the source IP address of a TFTP connection. The source address binding function simplifies the configuration of ACL rules and security policies. You just need to specify the source or destination address argument in an ACL rule as this address to filter inbound and outbound packets on the device ignoring the difference between interface IP addresses as well as the affect of interface statuses. You can configure the source address by configuring the source interface or source IP address. The primary IP address configured on the source interface is the source address of the transmitted packets. The source address of the transmitted packets is selected following these rules:

l          If no source address of the TFTP client is specified, a device uses the IP address of the interface determined by the matched route as the source IP address to communicate with a TFTP server.

l          If the source address is specified with the tftp client source or tftp command, this source address is adopted.

l          If the source address is specified with the tftp client source command and then with the tftp command, the source address configured with the latter one is used to communicate with a TFTP server.

The source address specified with the tftp client source command is valid for all TFTP connections and the source address specified with the tftp command is valid only for the current tftp connection.

Follow these steps to configure the TFTP client:

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Enter system view	system-view	—
Use an ACL to control the device’s access to TFTP servers	tftp-server [ ipv6 ] acl acl-number	Optional By default, no ACL is used to control the device’s access to TFTP servers.
Configure the source address of the TFTP client	tftp client source { interface interface-type interface-number | ip source-ip-address }	Optional A device uses the source address determined by the matched route to communicate with the TFTP server by default.
Return to user view	quit	—
Download or upload a file in an IPv4 network	tftp server-address { get | put | sget } source-filename [ destination-filename ] [ source { interface interface-type interface-number | ip source-ip-address } ]	Optional Available in user view
Download or upload a file in an IPv6 network	tftp ipv6 tftp-ipv6-server [ -i interface-type interface-number ] { get | put } source-file [ destination-file ]	Optional Available in user view

 

 

Displaying and Maintaining the TFTP Client

To do…	Use the command…	Remarks
Display the configuration of the TFTP client	display tftp client configuration	Available in any view

 

TFTP Client Configuration Example

Network requirements

l          As shown in Figure 2-2, use a PC as the TFTP server and AP as the TFTP client. Their IP addresses are 1.2.1.1/16 and 1.1.1.1/16 respectively. AP and PC can reach each other.

l          AP downloads a boot file from PC for upgrading and uploads a configuration file named config.cfg to PC for backup.

Figure 2-2 Smooth upgrading using the TFTP client function

 

Configuration procedure

1)        Configure PC (TFTP Server), the configuration procedure omitted.

l          On the PC, enable the TFTP server

l          Configure a TFTP working directory

2)        Configure AP (TFTP Client)

 

 

# Enter system view.

<Sysname> system-view

# Download boot file test.bin from PC to the AP.

<Sysname> tftp 1.2.1.1 get test.bin

# Upload a configuration file config.cfg of the AP to the TFTP server.

<Sysname> tftp 1.2.1.1 put config.cfg configback.cfg

# Specify test.bin as the main boot file to be used at the next startup.

<Sysname> boot-loader file test.bin main

# Reboot the AP.

<Sysname> reboot