-a source-ip: Specifies the source IP address of an ICMP echo request (ECHO-REQUEST). It must be an IP address configured on the router. If this parameter is not provided, the source IP address of an ICMP echo request is the primary IP address of the outbound interface of the request.

-c count: Specifies the number of times that an ICMP echo request is sent, which ranges from 1 to 4294967295. The default value is 5.

-f: Discards packets larger than the MTU of a given interface, that is, the ICMP echo request is not allowed to be fragmented.

-h ttl: Specifies the TTL value for an ICMP echo request, which ranges from 1 to 255 and defaults to 255.

-i interface-type interface-number: Specifies the ICMP echo request sending interface by its type and number. If this parameter is not provided, the ICMP echo request sending interface is determined by searching the routing table or forwarding table according to the destination IP address.

-m interval: Specifies the interval (in milliseconds) to send an ICMP echo request, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 200 ms.

· If a response from the destination is received within the timeout time, the interval to send the next echo request equals the actual response period plus the value of interval.

· If no response from the destination is received within the timeout time, the interval to send the next echo request equals the timeout value plus the value of interval.

-n: Disables domain name resolution for the host argument. When this keyword is not provided, if the host argument represents the host name of the destination, the router will translate host into an address.

-p pad: Specifies the value of the pad field in an ICMP echo request, which is in hexadecimal format, and ranges from 0 to ffffffff, 1 to 8 bits. If the specified value is less than 8 bits, 0s will be added in front of the value to extend it to 8 bits. For example, if pad is configured as 0x2f, then the packets will be padded with 0x0000002f repeatedly to make the total length of the packet meet the requirements of the device. By default, the padded value starts from 0x01 up to 0xff, where another round starts again if necessary, like 0x010203…feff01….

-q: Presence of this keyword indicates that only statistics are displayed. Absence of this keyword indicates that all information is displayed.

-r: Records routing information. If this keyword is not provided, routes are not recorded.

-s packet-size: Specifies length (in bytes) of an ICMP echo request, which ranges from 20 to 8100 and defaults to 56.

-t timeout: Specifies the timeout value (in milliseconds) of an ICMP echo reply (ECHO-REPLY). If the source does not receive an ICMP echo reply within the timeout, it considers the ICMP echo reply timed out. The value ranges from 0 to 65535 and defaults to 2000.

-tos tos: Specifies type of service (ToS) of an echo request, which ranges from 0 to 255 and defaults to 0.

-v: Displays non ICMP echo reply received. If this keyword is not provided, the system does not display non ICMP echo reply.

-vpn-instance vpn-instance-name: Specifies the MPLS L3VPN to which the destination belongs, where vpn-instance-name is a case-sensitive string of 1 to 31 characters. If the destination is on the public network, do not specify this option.

host: IP address or host name (a string of 1 to 255 characters) of the destination.

Description

Use the ping command to verify whether the destination in an IP network is reachable, and to display the related statistics.

When you execute the ping command, the source sends an ICMP echo request to the destination:

· If the destination name is unrecognizable, the system outputs “Error: Ping: Unknown host host-name”.

· If the source receives an ICMP echo reply from the destination within the timeout, the system outputs the related information of the reply.

· If the source does not receive an ICMP echo reply from the destination within the timeout, the system outputs “Request time out”.

To use the name of the destination host to perform the ping operation, you must configure Domain Name System (DNS) on the router first; otherwise, the ping operation fails. For more information about DNS, see Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide. In addition, you must use the command in the form of ping ip ip instead of ping ip if the name of the destination router is a key word, such as ip.

Only the directly connected segment address can be pinged if the outbound interface is specified with the -i argument.

To abort the ping operation during the execution of the command, press Ctrl+C.

Examples

# Check whether the router with an IP address of 1.1.2.2 is reachable.

<Sysname> ping 1.1.2.2

PING 1.1.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=205 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms

--- 1.1.2.2 ping statistics ---

5 packet(s) transmitted

5 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 1/41/205 ms

The output shows the following information:

· The destination host was reachable.

· All ICMP probe packets sent by the source got responses.

· The minimum time, average time, and maximum time for the packet’s roundtrip time are 1 ms, 41 ms, and 205 ms respectively.

# Check whether the router with an IP address of 1.1.2.2 in VPN 1 is reachable.

<Sysname> ping -vpn-instance vpn1 1.1.2.2

PING 1.1.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=205 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms

--- 1.1.2.2 ping statistics ---

5 packet(s) transmitted

5 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 1/41/205 ms

The output shows the following information:

· The destination in VPN 1 was reachable.

· All ICMP echo requests sent by the source got responses.

· The minimum time, average time, and maximum time for the packet’s roundtrip time are 1 ms, 41 ms, and 205 ms respectively.

# Check whether the router with an IP address of 1.1.2.2 is reachable. Only the check results are displayed.

<Sysname> ping -q 1.1.2.2

PING 1.1.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

--- 1.1.2.2 ping statistics ---

5 packet(s) transmitted

4 packet(s) received

20.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 1/12/29 ms

# Check whether the router with an IP address of 1.1.2.2 is reachable. The route information is required to be displayed.

<Sysname> ping -r 1.1.2.2

PING 1.1.2.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=53 ms

Record Route:

1.1.2.1

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.1.1

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Record Route:

1.1.2.1

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.1.1

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Record Route:

1.1.2.1

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.1.1

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Record Route:

1.1.2.1

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.1.1

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Record Route:

1.1.2.1

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.1.1

--- 1.1.2.2 ping statistics ---

5 packet(s) transmitted

5 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 1/11/53 ms

The output shows the following information:

· The destination was reachable.

· The route is 1.1.1.1 <-> {1.1.1.2; 1.1.2.1} <-> 1.1.2.2.

Table 1 Output description

Field	Description
PING 1.1.2.2	Check whether the router with IP address 1.1.2.2 is reachable.
56 data bytes	Number of data bytes in each ICMP echo request.
press CTRL_C to break	During the execution of the command, you can press Ctrl+C to abort the ping operation.
Reply from 1.1.2.2 : bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms	Received the ICMP reply from the device whose IP address is 1.1.2.2. If no reply is received during the timeout period, “Request time out” will be displayed. · bytes—Indicates the number of data bytes in the ICMP reply. · Sequence—Indicates the packet sequence, used to determine whether a segment is lost, disordered or repeated. · ttl—Indicates the TTL value in the ICMP reply. · time—Indicates the response time.
Record Route	The routers through which the ICMP echo request passed. They are displayed in inversed order, that is, the router with a smaller distance to the destination is displayed first.
--- 1.1.2.2 ping statistics ---	Statistics on data received and sent in the ping operation.
5 packet(s) transmitted	Number of ICMP echo requests sent.
5 packet(s) received	Number of ICMP echo requests received.
0.00% packet loss	Percentage of packets not responded to the total packets sent.
round-trip min/avg/max = 0/4/20 ms	Minimum/average/maximum response time, in ms. The field is not available for failed ping attempts in an IPv4 network. In an IPv6 network, however, the field is available and set to 0/0/0 ms.

ping ipv6

Syntax

View

Any view

Default level

0: Visit level

Parameters

-a source-ipv6: Specifies the source IPv6 address of an ICMP echo request. It must be a legal IPv6 address configured on the router. If this parameter is not provided, the source IPv6 address of an ICMP echo request is the primary IPv6 address of the outbound interface of the request.

-c count: Specifies the number of times that an ICMPv6 echo request is sent, which ranges from 1 to 4294967295 and defaults to 5.

-m interval: Specifies the interval (in milliseconds) to send an ICMPv6 echo reply, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 200 ms.

· If a response from the destination is received within the timeout time, the interval to send the next echo request equals the actual response period plus the value of interval.

· If no response from the destination is received within the timeout time, the interval to send the next echo request equals the timeout value plus the value of interval.

-s packet-size: Specifies length (in bytes) of an ICMPv6 echo request, which ranges from 20 to 8100 and defaults to 56.

-t timeout: Specifies the timeout value (in milliseconds) of an ICMPv6 echo reply, which ranges from 0 to 65535 and defaults to 2000.

host: IPv6 address or host name of the destination, which is a string of 1 to 46 characters.

-i interface-type interface-number: Specifies an outbound interface by its type and number. This parameter can be used only in case that the destination address is the link local address and the specified outbound interface must have a link local address (For more information about link local address, see Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide). If this parameter is not provided, the ICMP echo request sending interface is determined by searching the routing table or forwarding table according to the destination IP address.

Description

Use the ping ipv6 command to verify whether an IPv6 address is reachable, and display the corresponding statistics.

To use the name of the destination host to perform the ping operation, you must configure DNS on the device first; otherwise, the ping operation fails. For more information about DNS, see Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide. You must use the command in the form of ping ipv6 ipv6 instead of ping ipv6 if the destination name is an ipv6 name.

To abort the ping ipv6 operation during the execution of the command, press Ctrl+C.

Examples

# Verify whether the IPv6 address 2001::1 is reachable.

<Sysname> ping ipv6 2001::1

PING 2001::2 : 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 2001::1

bytes=56 Sequence=1 hop limit=64 time = 62 ms

Reply from 2001::1

bytes=56 Sequence=2 hop limit=64 time = 26 ms

Reply from 2001::1

bytes=56 Sequence=3 hop limit=64 time = 20 ms

Reply from 2001::1

bytes=56 Sequence=4 hop limit=64 time = 4 ms

Reply from 2001::1

bytes=56 Sequence=5 hop limit=64 time = 16 ms

--- 2001::2 ping statistics ---

5 packet(s) transmitted

5 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 4/25/62 ms

# Verify whether the IPv6 address 2001::1 in VPN 1 is reachable.

<Sysname> ping ipv6 –vpn-instance vpn1 2001::1

PING 2001::1 : 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 2001::1

bytes=56 Sequence=1 hop limit=64 time = 62 ms

Reply from 2001::1

bytes=56 Sequence=2 hop limit=64 time = 26 ms

Reply from 2001::1

bytes=56 Sequence=3 hop limit=64 time = 20 ms

Reply from 2001::1

bytes=56 Sequence=4 hop limit=64 time = 4 ms

Reply from 2001::1

bytes=56 Sequence=5 hop limit=64 time = 16 ms

--- 2001::2 ping statistics ---

5 packet(s) transmitted

5 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 4/25/62 ms

The “hop limit” field in this prompt information has the same meaning as the “ttl” field in the prompt information displayed by the IPv4 ping command, indicating the TTL value in the ICMPv6 echo request. For the description on other fields, see Table 1.

tracert

Syntax

View

Any view

Default level

0: Visit level

Parameters

-a source-ip: Specifies the source IP address of a tracert packet. It must be a legal IP address configured on the router. If this parameter is not provided, the source IP address of an ICMP echo request is the primary IP address of the outbound interface of the tracert packet.

-f first-ttl: Specifies the first TTL, that is, the allowed number of hops for the first packet. The value ranges from 1 to 255, defaults to 1 and must be less than the maximum TTL.

-m max-ttl: Specifies the maximum TTL, which specifies the maximum allowed number of hops for a packet. The value ranges from 1 to 255, defaults to 30, and must be greater than the first TTL.

-p port: Specifies the UDP port number of the destination, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 33434. You do not need to modify this parameter.

-q packet-number: Specifies the number of probe packets sent each time, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 3.

-w timeout: Specifies the timeout time of the reply packet of a probe packet, which ranges from 1 to 65535, and defaults to 5000 milliseconds.

host: IP address or host name (a string of 1 to 255 characters) of the destination.

Description

Use the tracert command to trace the path the packets traverse from source to destination.

After having identified network failure with the ping command, you can use the tracert command to determine the failed node(s).

Output information of the tracert command includes IP addresses of all the Layer 3 devices the packets traverse from source to destination. When a router times out, asterisks (* * *) is displayed.

To abort the tracert operation during the execution of the command, press Ctrl+C.

Examples

# Display the path the packets traverse from source to destination with an IP address of 1.1.2.2.

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] ip ttl-expires enable

[Sysname] ip unreachables enable

[Sysname] tracert 1.1.2.2

traceroute to 1.1.2.2(1.1.2.2) 30 hops max,40 bytes packet, press CTRL_C to break

1 1.1.1.2 673 ms 425 ms 30 ms

2 1.1.2.2 580 ms 470 ms 80 ms

# Trace the path to destination 192.168.0.46 over an MPLS network.

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] ip ttl-expires enable

[Sysname] ip unreachables enable

[Sysname] tracert 192.168.0.46

traceroute to 192.168.0.46(192.168.0.46) 30 hops max,40 bytes packet, press CTRL_C to break

1 192.0.2.13 (192.0.2.13) 0.661 ms 0.618 ms 0.579 ms

2 192.0.2.9 (192.0.2.9) 0.861 ms 0.718 ms 0.679 ms

MPLS Label=100048 Exp=0 TTL=1 S=1

3 192.0.2.5 (192.0.2.5) 0.822 ms 0.731 ms 0.708 ms

MPLS Label=100016 Exp=0 TTL=1 S=1

4 192.0.2.1 (192.0.2.1) 0.961 ms 8.676 ms 0.875 ms

Table 2 Output description

Field	Description
traceroute to 1.1.2.2(1.1.2.2)	Display the route the IP packets traverse from the current router to the router whose IP address is 1.1.2.2.
hops max	Maximum number of hops of the probe packets, which can be set through the -m keyword.
bytes packet	Number of bytes of a probe packet.
press CTRL_C to break	During the execution of the command, you can press Ctrl+C to abort the tracert operation.
1 1.1.1.2 673 ms 425 ms 30 ms	The probe result of the probe packets whose TTL is 1, including the IP address of the first hop and the roundtrip time of three probe packets. The number of packets that can be sent in each probe can be set through the -q keyword.
MPLS Label=100048 Exp=0 TTL=1 S=1	ICMP timeout packets on an MPLS network, carry MPLS label information: · Label—Label value that is used to identify a forwarding equivalence class (FEC). · Exp—Reserved, usually used for class of service (CoS). · TTL—TTL value. · S—MPLS supports multiple levels of labels. Value 1 indicates that the label is at the bottom of the label stack, and value 0 indicates that the label is not at the bottom of the label stack.

tracert ipv6

Syntax

View

Any view

Default level

0: Visit level

Parameters

-f first-ttl: Specifies the first TTL, which specifies the allowed number of hops for the first packet. The value ranges from 1 to 255, defaults to 1, and must be less than the maximum TTL.

-m max-ttl: Specifies the maximum TTL, which specifies the maximum allowed number of hops for a packet. The value ranges from 1 to 255, defaults to 30, and must be greater than the first TTL.

-p port: Specifies the UDP port number of the destination, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 33434. It is unnecessary to modify this parameter.

-q packet-number: Specifies the number of probe packets sent each time, which ranges from 1 to 65535, and defaults to 3.

-w timeout: Specifies the timeout time of the reply packet of a probe packet, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 5000 milliseconds.

host: IPv6 address or host name of the destination, which is a string of 1 to 46 characters.

Description

Use the tracert ipv6 command to view the path the IPv6 packets traverse from source to destination.

After having identified network failure with the ping command, you can use the tracert command to determine the failed node(s).

Output information of the tracert ipv6 command includes IPv6 addresses of all the Layer 3 devices the packets traverse from source to destination. If a router times out, asterisks (* * *) will be displayed.

To abort the tracert operation during the execution of the command, press Ctrl+C.

Examples

# View the path the packets traverse from source to destination with IPv6 address 2001::1.

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] ipv6 hoplimit-expires enable

[Sysname] ipv6 unreachables enable

[Sysname] tracert ipv6 2001::1

traceroute to 2001::1 30 hops max,60 bytes packet, press CTRL_C to break

1 2001::1 3 ms <1 ms 19 ms

# View the path the packets traverse from source to destination with IPv6 address 2001::1 in VPN 1.

<Sysname> tracert ipv6 –vpn-instance vpn1 2001::1

traceroute to 2001::1 30 hops max,60 bytes packet, press CTRL_C to break

1 2001::1 3 ms <1 ms 19 ms

For description on the fields in the above output information, see Table 2.

System debugging commands

debugging

Syntax

debugging { all [ timeout time ] | module-name [ option ] }

undo debugging { all | module-name [ option ] }

View

User view

Default level

1: Monitor level

Parameters

all: All debugging functions.

timeout time: Specifies the timeout time for the debugging all command. When all debugging is enabled, the system automatically executes the undo debugging all command after the time. The value ranges from 1 to 1440, in minutes.

module-name: Module name, such as arp or router. To display the current module name, use the debugging ? command.

option: The debugging option for a specific module. Different modules have different debugging options in terms of their number and content. To display the currently supported options, use the debugging module-name ? command.

Description

Use the debugging command to enable the debugging of a specific module.

Use the undo debugging command to disable the debugging of a specific module.

By default, debugging functions of all modules are disabled.

Output of the debugging information may degrade system efficiency, so you are recommended to enable the debugging of the corresponding module for diagnosing network failure, and not to enable the debugging of multiple modules at the same time.

Default level describes the default level of the debugging all command. Different debugging commands may have different default levels.

You must configure the debugging, terminal debugging and terminal monitor commands first to display detailed debugging information on the terminal. For more information about the terminal debugging and terminal monitor commands, see the chapter “Information center configuration commands”.

Related commands: display debugging.

Examples

# Enable IP packet debugging.

<Sysname> debugging ip packet

display debugging

Syntax

display debugging [ interface interface-type interface-number ] [ module-name ] [ | { begin | exclude | include } regular-expression ]

View

Any view

Default level

1: Monitor level

Parameters

interface interface-type interface-number: Displays the debugging settings of the specified interface, where interface-type interface-number represents the interface type and number.

module-name: Module name.

|: Filters command output by specifying a regular expression. For more information about regular expressions, see Fundamentals Configuration Guide.

begin: Displays the first line that matches the specified regular expression and all lines that follow.

exclude: Displays all lines that do not match the specified regular expression.

include: Displays all lines that match the specified regular expression.

regular-expression: Specifies a regular expression, a case-sensitive string of 1 to 256 characters.

Description

Use the display debugging command to display enabled debugging functions.

Related commands: debugging.

Examples

# Display all enabled debugging functions.

<Sysname> display debugging

IP packet debugging is on

12-Network Management and Monitoring Command Reference

Ping, tracert, and system debugging commands

Ping and tracert commands

ping

ping ipv6

tracert

tracert ipv6

System debugging commands

debugging

display debugging

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