06-IP Multicast Configuration Guide

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15-IPv6 PIM configuration
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Contents

Configuring IPv6 PIM·· 1

Overview· 1

IPv6 PIM-DM overview· 1

IPv6 PIM-SM overview· 3

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM overview· 9

IPv6 administrative scoping overview· 12

IPv6 PIM-SSM overview· 14

Relationship among IPv6 PIM protocols· 15

IPv6 PIM support for VPNs· 16

Protocols and standards· 16

Configuring IPv6 PIM-DM·· 16

IPv6 PIM-DM configuration task list 17

Configuration prerequisites· 17

Enabling IPv6 PIM-DM·· 17

Enabling the state refresh feature· 17

Configuring state refresh parameters· 18

Configuring the IPv6 PIM-DM graft retry timer 18

Configuring IPv6 PIM-SM·· 19

IPv6 PIM-SM configuration task list 19

Configuration prerequisites· 19

Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM·· 19

Configuring an RP· 20

Configuring a BSR· 22

Configuring IPv6 multicast source registration· 24

Configuring the switchover to SPT· 25

Configuring IPv6 BIDIR-PIM·· 25

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM configuration task list 25

Configuration prerequisites· 26

Enabling IPv6 BIDIR-PIM·· 26

Configuring an RP· 26

Configuring a BSR· 28

Configuring IPv6 PIM-SSM·· 30

IPv6 PIM-SSM configuration task list 30

Configuration prerequisites· 31

Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM·· 31

Configuring the IPv6 SSM group range· 31

Configuring common IPv6 PIM features· 32

Configuration task list 32

Configuration prerequisites· 32

Configuring an IPv6 multicast source policy· 32

Configuring an IPv6 PIM hello policy· 33

Configuring IPv6 PIM hello message options· 33

Configuring common IPv6 PIM timers· 35

Setting the maximum size of a join or prune message· 36

Enabling BFD for IPv6 PIM·· 36

Enabling IPv6 PIM passive mode· 37

Enabling IPv6 PIM NSR· 37

Enabling SNMP notifications for IPv6 PIM·· 38

Setting the DSCP value for outgoing IPv6 PIM protocol packets· 38

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 PIM·· 38

IPv6 PIM configuration examples· 39

IPv6 PIM-DM configuration example· 39

IPv6 PIM-SM non-scoped zone configuration example· 42

IPv6 PIM-SM admin-scoped zone configuration example· 45

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM configuration example· 51

IPv6 PIM-SSM configuration example· 55

Troubleshooting IPv6 PIM·· 58

A multicast distribution tree cannot be correctly built 58

IPv6 multicast data is abnormally terminated on an intermediate router 58

An RP cannot join an SPT in IPv6 PIM-SM·· 59

An RPT cannot be built or IPv6 multicast source registration fails in IPv6 PIM-SM·· 59

 


Configuring IPv6 PIM

Overview

IPv6 Protocol Independent Multicast (IPv6 PIM) provides IPv6 multicast forwarding by leveraging IPv6 unicast static routes or IPv6 unicast routing tables generated by any IPv6 unicast routing protocol, such as RIPng, OSPFv3, IPv6 IS-IS, or IPv6 BGP. IPv6 PIM uses the underlying IPv6 unicast routing to generate an IPv6 multicast routing table without relying on any particular IPv6 unicast routing protocol.

IPv6 PIM uses the RPF mechanism to implement multicast forwarding. When an IPv6 multicast packet arrives on an interface of the device, the packet undergoes an RPF check. If the RPF check succeeds, the device creates an IPv6 multicast routing entry and forwards the packet. If the RPF check fails, the device discards the packet. For more information about RPF, see "Configuring IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding."

Based on the implementation mechanism, IPv6 PIM includes the following categories:

·     IPv6 Protocol Independent Multicast–Dense Mode (IPv6 PIM-DM)

·     IPv6 Protocol Independent Multicast–Sparse Mode (IPv6 PIM-SM)

·     IPv6 Bidirectional Protocol Independent Multicast (IPv6 BIDIR-PIM)

·     IPv6 Protocol Independent Multicast Source-Specific Multicast (IPv6 PIM-SSM)

In this document, an IPv6 PIM domain refers to a network composed of IPv6 PIM routers.

IPv6 PIM-DM overview

IPv6 PIM-DM uses the push mode for multicast forwarding and is suitable for small networks with densely distributed IPv6 multicast members.

IPv6 PIM-DM assumes that all downstream nodes want to receive IPv6 multicast data from a source, so IPv6 multicast data is flooded to all downstream nodes on the network. Branches without downstream receivers are pruned from the forwarding trees, leaving only those branches that contain receivers. When the pruned branch has new receivers, the graft mechanism turns the pruned branch into a forwarding branch.

In IPv6 PIM-DM, the multicast forwarding paths for an IPv6 multicast group constitute a forwarding tree. The forwarding tree is rooted at the IPv6 multicast source and has multicast group members as its "leaves." Because the forwarding tree consists of the shortest paths from the IPv6 multicast source to the receivers, it is also called a "shortest path tree (SPT)."

Neighbor discovery

In an IPv6 PIM domain, each IPv6 PIM interface periodically multicasts IPv6 PIM hello messages to all other IPv6 PIM routers on the local subnet. Through the exchanging of hello messages, all IPv6 PIM routers determine their IPv6 PIM neighbors, maintain IPv6 PIM neighboring relationship with other routers, and build and maintain SPTs.

SPT building

The process of building an SPT is the flood-and-prune process:

1.     In an IPv6 PIM-DM domain, the IPv6 multicast data from the IPv6 multicast source S to the IPv6 multicast group G is flooded throughout the domain. A router performs an RPF check on the IPv6 multicast data. If the check succeeds, the router creates an (S, G) entry and forwards the data to all downstream nodes in the network. In the flooding process, all the routers in the IPv6 PIM-DM domain create the (S, G) entry.

2.     The nodes without downstream receivers are pruned. A router that has no downstream receivers multicasts a prune message to all IPv6 PIM routers on the subnet. When the upstream node receives the prune message, it removes the receiving interface from the (S, G) entry. In this way, the upstream stream node stops forwarding subsequent packets addressed to that IPv6 multicast group down to this node.

 

 

NOTE:

An (S, G) entry contains an IPv6 multicast source address S, an IPv6 multicast group address G, an outgoing interface list, and an incoming interface.

 

A prune process is initiated by a leaf router. As shown in Figure 1, the router interface that does not have any downstream receivers initiates a prune process by sending a prune message toward the IPv6 multicast source. This prune process goes on until only necessary branches are left in the IPv6 PIM-DM domain, and these necessary branches constitute an SPT.

Figure 1 SPT building

 

The pruned state of a branch has a finite holdtime timer. When the timer expires, IPv6 multicast data is again forwarded to the pruned branch. The flood-and-prune cycle takes place periodically to maintain the forwarding branches.

Graft

A previously pruned branch might have new downstream receivers. To reduce the latency for resuming the forwarding capability of this branch, a graft mechanism is used as follows:

1.     The node that needs to receive the IPv6 multicast data sends a graft message to its upstream node, telling it to rejoin the SPT.

2.     After receiving this graft message on an interface, the upstream node adds the receiving interface to the outgoing interface list of the (S, G) entry. It also sends a graft-ack message to the graft sender.

3.     If the graft sender receives a graft-ack message, the graft process finishes. Otherwise, the graft sender continues to send graft messages at a graft retry interval until it receives an acknowledgment from its upstream node.

Assert

On a subnet with more than one multicast router, the assert mechanism shuts off duplicate multicast flows to the network. It does this by electing a unique multicast forwarder for the subnet.

Figure 2 Assert mechanism

 

As shown in Figure 2, after Router A and Router B receive an (S, G) packet from the upstream node, they both forward the packet to the local subnet. As a result, the downstream node Router C receives two identical multicast packets. In addition, both Router A and Router B, on their downstream interfaces, receive a duplicate packet forwarded by the other. After detecting this condition, both routers send an assert message to all IPv6 PIM routers on the local subnet through the interface that received the packet. The assert message contains the IPv6 multicast source address (S), the IPv6 multicast group address (G), and the metric preference and metric of the IPv6 unicast route/MBGP route/static multicast route to the IPv6 multicast source. By comparing these parameters, either Router A or Router B becomes the unique forwarder of the subsequent (S, G) packets on the subnet. The comparison process is as follows:

1.     The router with a higher metric preference to the IPv6 multicast source wins.

2.     If both routers have the same metric preference to the IPv6 multicast source, the router with a smaller metric to the IPv6 multicast source wins.

3.     If both routers have the same metric, the router with a higher IPv6 link-local address on the downstream interface wins.

IPv6 PIM-SM overview

IPv6 PIM-DM uses the flood-and-prune cycles to build SPTs for IPv6 multicast data forwarding. Although an SPT has the shortest paths from the IPv6 multicast source to the receivers, it is built with a low efficiency. Therefore, IPv6 PIM-DM is not suitable for large- and medium-sized networks.

IPv6 PIM-SM uses the pull mode for IPv6 multicast forwarding, and it is suitable for large-sized and medium-sized networks with sparsely and widely distributed IPv6 multicast group members.

IPv6 PIM-SM assumes that no hosts need IPv6 multicast data. A multicast receiver must express its interest in the IPv6 multicast data for an IPv6 multicast group before the data is forwarded to it. A rendezvous point (RP) is the core of an IPv6 PIM-SM domain. Relying on the RP, SPTs and rendezvous point trees (RPTs) are established and maintained to implement IPv6 multicast data forwarding. An SPT is rooted at the IPv6 multicast source and has the RPs as its leaves. An RPT is rooted at the RP and has the receiver hosts as its leaves.

Neighbor discovery

IPv6 PIM-SM uses the same neighbor discovery mechanism as IPv6 PIM-DM does. For more information, see "Neighbor discovery."

DR election

A designated router (DR) is required on both the source-side network and receiver-side network. A source-side DR acts on behalf of the IPv6 multicast source to send register messages to the RP. The receiver-side DR acts on behalf of the receiver hosts to send join messages to the RP.

 

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

MLD must be enabled on the device that acts as the receiver-side DR. Otherwise, the receiver hosts attached to the DR cannot join any IPv6 multicast groups. For more information about MLD, see "Configuring MLD."

 

Figure 3 DR election

 

As shown in Figure 3, the DR election process is as follows:

1.     The routers on the shared-media LAN send hello messages to one another. The hello messages contain the DR priority for DR election. The router with the highest DR priority is elected as the DR.

2.     The router with the highest IPv6 link-local address wins the DR election under one of the following conditions:

¡     All the routers have the same DR election priority.

¡     A router does not support carrying the DR priority in hello messages.

If the DR fails, its IPv6 PIM neighbor lifetime expires, and the other routers initiate a new DR election.

RP discovery

An RP is the core of an IPv6 PIM-SM domain. For a small-sized, simple network, one RP is enough for multicast forwarding throughout the network. In this case, you can specify a static RP on each router in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain. However, in an IPv6 PIM-SM network that covers a wide area, a huge amount of IPv6 multicast data is forwarded by the RP. To lessen the RP burden and optimize the topological structure of the RPT, you can configure multiple candidate-RPs (C-RPs) in an IPv6 PIM-SM domain. An RP is dynamically elected from multiple configured C-RPs by the bootstrap mechanism. An elected RP provides services for a different IPv6 multicast group. For this purpose, you must configure a bootstrap router (BSR). A BSR acts as the administrative core of an IPv6 PIM-SM domain. An IPv6 PIM-SM domain has only one BSR, but can have multiple candidate-BSRs (C-BSRs). If the BSR fails, a new BSR can be automatically elected from the C-BSRs and avoid service interruption.

 

 

NOTE:

·     An RP can provide services for multiple IPv6 multicast groups, but an IPv6 multicast group only uses one RP.

·     A device can act as a C-RP and a C-BSR at the same time.

 

As shown in Figure 4, each C-RP periodically unicasts its advertisement messages (C-RP-Adv messages) to the BSR. An advertisement message contains the address of the advertising C-RP and the IPv6 multicast group range to which it is designated. The BSR collects these advertisement messages and organizes the C-RP information into an RP-set, which is a database of mappings between IPv6 multicast groups and RPs. The BSR encapsulates the RP-set information in the bootstrap messages (BSMs) and floods the BSMs to the entire IPv6 PIM-SM domain.

Figure 4 Information exchange between C-RPs and BSR

 

Based on the information in the RP-set, all routers on the network can select an RP for a specific IPv6 multicast group based on the following rules:

1.     The C-RP that is designated to the smallest IPv6 multicast group range wins.

2.     If the C-RPs are designated to the same IPv6 multicast group range, the C-RP with the highest priority wins.

3.     If C-RPs have the same priority, the C-RP with the largest hash value wins. The hash value is calculated through the hash algorithm.

4.     If the C-RPs have the same priority and hash value, the C-RP with the highest IPv6 address wins.

Embedded RP

The embedded RP mechanism enables a router to resolve the RP address from an IPv6 multicast group address to map the IPv6 multicast group to an RP. This RP can take the place of the configured static RP or the RP dynamically elected by the bootstrap mechanism. A DR does not need to learn the RP address beforehand. The process is as follows:

·     At the receiver side:

a.     A receiver host initiates an MLD report to express its interest in an IPv6 multicast group.

b.     After receiving the MLD report, the receiver-side DR resolves the RP address embedded in the IPv6 multicast group address and sends a join message to the RP.

·     At the IPv6 multicast source side:

c.     The IPv6 multicast source sends IPv6 multicast traffic to an IPv6 multicast group.

d.     The source-side DR resolves the RP address embedded in the IPv6 multicast address, and sends a register message to the RP.

Anycast RP

IPv6 PIM-SM requires only one active RP to serve each IPv6 multicast group. If the active RP fails, the multicast traffic might be interrupted. The Anycast RP mechanism enables redundancy backup among RPs by configuring multiple RPs with the same IPv6 address for one multicast group. An IPv6 multicast source registers with the closest RP or a receiver-side DR joins the closest RP to implement source information synchronization.

Anycast RP has the following benefits:

·     Optimal RP path—An IPv6 multicast source registers with the closest RP to build an optimal SPT. A receiver joins the closest RP to build an optimal RPT.

·     Redundancy backup among RPs—When an RP fails, the RP-related sources will register with the closest available RPs and the receiver-side DRs will join the closest available RPs. This provides redundancy backup among RPs.

Anycast RP is implemented by using either of the following methods:

·     Anycast RP through MSDP—In this method, you can configure multiple RPs with the same IP address for one multicast group and configure MSDP peering relationships between them. For more information about Anycast RP through MSDP, see "Configuring MSDP."

·     Anycast RP through IPv6 PIM-SM—In this method, you can configure multiple RPs for one IPv6 multicast group and add them to an Anycast RP set. This method introduces the following concepts:

¡     Anycast RP set—A set of RPs that are designated to the same IPv6 multicast group.

¡     Anycast RP member—Each RP in the Anycast RP set.

¡     Anycast RP member address—IPv6 address of each Anycast RP member for communication among the RP members.

¡     Anycast RP address—IPv6 address of the Anycast RP set for communication within the IPv6 PIM-SM domain. It is also known as RPA.

As shown in Figure 5, RP 1, RP 2, and RP 3 are members of an Anycast RP set.

Figure 5 Anycast RP through IPv6 PIM-SM

 

The following describes how Anycast RP through IPv6 PIM-SM is implemented:

a.     RP 1 receives a register message destined to RPA. Because the message is not from other Anycast RP members (RP 2 or RP 3), RP 1 considers that the register message is from the DR. RP 1 changes the source IPv6 address of the register message to its own IPv6 address and sends the message to the other members (RP 2 and RP 3).

If a router acts as both a DR and an RP, it creates a register message, and then forwards the message to the other RP members.

b.     After receiving the register message, RP 2 and RP 3 find out that the source address of the register message is an Anycast RP member address. They stop forwarding the message to other routers.

In Anycast RP implementation, an RP must forward the register message from the DR to other Anycast RP members to synchronize IPv6 multicast source information.

RPT building

Figure 6 RPT building in an IPv6 PIM-SM domain

 

As shown in Figure 6, the process of building an RPT is as follows:

1.     When a receiver wants to join the IPv6 multicast group G, it uses an MLD message to inform the receiver-side DR.

2.     After getting the receiver information, the DR sends a join message, which travels hop by hop to the RP for the IPv6 multicast group.

3.     The routers along the path from the DR to the RP form an RPT branch. Each router on this branch adds to its forwarding table a (*, G) entry, where the asterisk (*) represents any IPv6 multicast source. The RPT is rooted at the RP and has the DR as its leaf.

When the IPv6 multicast data addressed to the IPv6 multicast group G reaches the RP, the RP forwards the data to the DR along the established RPT. Finally, the DR forwards the IPv6 multicast data to the receiver hosts.

When a receiver is no longer interested in the IPv6 multicast data addressed to the IPv6 multicast group G, the receiver-side DR sends a prune message. The prune message goes hop by hop along the RPT to the RP. After receiving the prune message, the upstream node deletes the interface that connects to this downstream node from the outgoing interface list. At the same time, the upstream router checks for the existence of receivers for that IPv6 multicast group. If no receivers for the IPv6 multicast group exist, the router continues to forward the prune message to its upstream router.

IPv6 multicast source registration

The IPv6 multicast source uses the registration process to inform an RP of its presence.

Figure 7 IPv6 multicast source registration

 

As shown in Figure 7, the IPv6 multicast source registers with the RP as follows:

1.     The IPv6 multicast source S sends the first multicast packet to the IPv6 multicast group G. When receiving the multicast packet, the source-side DR that directly connects to the IPv6 multicast source encapsulates the packet into a register message and unicasts the message to the RP.

2.     After the RP receives the register message, it decapsulates it and forwards it down to the RPT. Meanwhile, it sends an (S, G) source-specific join message toward the IPv6 multicast source. The routers along the path from the RP to the IPv6 multicast source constitute an SPT branch. Each router on this branch creates an (S, G) entry in its forwarding table.

3.     The subsequent IPv6 multicast data from the IPv6 multicast source are forwarded to the RP along the SPT. When the IPv6 multicast data reaches the RP along the SPT, the RP forwards the data to the receivers along the RPT. Meanwhile, it unicasts a register-stop message to the source-side DR to prevent the DR from unnecessarily encapsulating the data.

Switchover to SPT

CAUTION

CAUTION:

If the switch is an RP, disabling switchover to SPT might cause multicast traffic forwarding failures on the source-side DR. When disabling switchover to SPT, be sure you fully understand its impact on your network.

 

In an IPv6 PIM-SM domain, only one RP and one RPT provide services for a specific IPv6 multicast group. Before the switchover to SPT occurs, the source-side DR encapsulates all IPv6 multicast data in register messages and sends them to the RP. After receiving these register messages, the RP decapsulates them and forwards them to the receiver-side DR along the RPT.

IPv6 multicast forwarding along the RPT has the following weaknesses:

·     Encapsulation and decapsulation are complex on the source-side DR and the RP.

·     The path for an IPv6 multicast packet might not be the shortest one.

·     The RP might be overloaded by IPv6 multicast traffic bursts.

To eliminate these weaknesses, IPv6 PIM-SM allows an RP or the receiver-side DR to initiate the switchover to SPT when the RP or DR receives IPv6 multicast traffic:

·     The RP initiates the switchover to SPT:

When the RP receives IPv6 multicast traffic, it sends an (S, G) source-specific join message toward the IPv6 multicast source. The routers along the path from the RP to the IPv6 multicast source constitute an SPT branch. The subsequent IPv6 multicast data is forwarded to the RP along the SPT without being encapsulated into register messages.

For more information about the switchover to SPT initiated by the RP, see "IPv6 multicast source registration."

·     The receiver-side DR initiates the switchover to SPT:

When the receiver-side DR receives IPv6 multicast traffic, it initiates the switchover to SPT as follows:

a.     The receiver-side DR sends an (S, G) source-specific join message toward the IPv6 multicast source. The routers along the path create an (S, G) entry in their forwarding table to constitute an SPT branch.

b.     When the multicast packets reach the router where the RPT and the SPT branches, the router drops the multicast packets that travel along the RPT. It then sends a prune message with the RP bit toward the RP.

c.     After receiving the prune message, the RP forwards it toward the IPv6 multicast source (supposed only one receiver exists). Thus, the switchover to SPT is completed. The subsequent IPv6 multicast packets for the IPv6 multicast group travel along the SPT from the IPv6 multicast source to the receiver hosts.

With the switchover to SPT, IPv6 PIM-SM builds SPTs more economically than IPv6 PIM-DM does.

Assert

IPv6 PIM-SM uses a similar assert mechanism as IPv6 PIM-DM does. For more information, see "Assert."

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM overview

In some many-to-many applications, such as a multi-side video conference, multiple receivers of an IPv6 multicast group might be interested in the IPv6 multicast data from multiple IPv6 multicast sources. With IPv6 PIM-DM or IPv6 PIM-SM, each router along the SPT must create an (S, G) entry for each IPv6 multicast source, consuming a lot of system resources.

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM addresses the problem. Derived from IPv6 PIM-SM, IPv6 BIDIR-PIM builds and maintains a bidirectional RPT, which is rooted at the RP and connects the IPv6 multicast sources and the receivers. Along the bidirectional RPT, the IPv6 multicast sources send IPv6 multicast data to the RP, and the RP forwards the data to the receivers. Each router along the bidirectional RPT needs to maintain only one (*, G) entry, saving system resources.

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM is suitable for a network with dense IPv6 multicast sources and receivers.

Neighbor discovery

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM uses the same neighbor discovery mechanism as IPv6 PIM-SM does. For more information, see "Neighbor discovery."

RP discovery

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM uses the same RP discovery mechanism as IPv6 PIM-SM does. For more information, see "RP discovery." In IPv6 BIDIR-PIM, an RPF interface is the interface toward an RP, and an RPF neighbor is the address of the next hop to the RP.

In IPv6 PIM-SM, an RP must be specified with a real IPv6 address. In IPv6 BIDIR-PIM, an RP can be specified with a virtual IPv6 address, which is called the "rendezvous point address (RPA)." The link corresponding to the RPA's subnet is called the "rendezvous point link (RPL)." All interfaces connected to the RPL can act as the RPs, and they back up one another.

DF election

On a subnet with multiple multicast routers, duplicate multicast packets might be forwarded to the RP. To address this issue, IPv6 BIDIR-PIM uses a designated forwarder (DF) election mechanism to elect a unique DF on each subnet. Only the DFs can forward IPv6 multicast data to the RP.

DF election is not necessary for an RPL.

Figure 8 DF election

 

As shown in Figure 8, without the DF election mechanism, both Router B and Router C can receive IPv6 multicast packets from Router A. They also can forward the packets to downstream routers on the local subnet. As a result, the RP (Router E) receives duplicate IPv6 multicast packets.

With the DF election mechanism, once receiving the RP information, Router B and Router C multicast a DF election message to all IPv6 PIM routers on the subnet to initiate a DF election process. The election message carries the RP's address, and the route preference and metric of the unicast route to the RP. A DF is elected as follows:

1.     The router with higher route preference becomes the DF.

2.     If the routers have the same route preference, the router with lower metric becomes the DF.

3.     If the routers have the same metric, the router with the higher IP address becomes the DF.

Bidirectional RPT building

A bidirectional RPT comprises a receiver-side RPT and a source-side RPT. The receiver-side RPT is rooted at the RP and takes the routers that directly connect to the receivers as leaves. The source-side RPT is also rooted at the RP but takes the routers that directly connect to the IPv6 multicast sources as leaves. The processes for building these two RPTs are different.

Figure 9 RPT building at the receiver side

 

As shown in Figure 9, the process for building a receiver-side RPT is the same as the process for building an RPT in IPv6 PIM-SM:

1.     When a receiver wants to join the IPv6 multicast group G, it uses an MLD message to inform the directly connected router.

2.     After receiving the message, the router sends a join message, which is forwarded hop by hop to the RP for the IPv6 multicast group.

3.     The routers along the path from the receiver's directly connected router to the RP form an RPT branch. Each router on this branch adds a (*, G) entry to its forwarding table.

After a receiver host leaves the IPv6 multicast group G, the directly connected router multicasts a prune message to all IPv6 PIM routers on the subnet. The prune message goes hop by hop along the reverse direction of the RPT to the RP. After receiving the prune message, an upstream node removes the interface that connects to the downstream node from the outgoing interface list. At the same time, the upstream router checks the existence of receivers for that IPv6 multicast group. If no receivers for the IPv6 multicast group exist, the router continues to forward the prune message to its upstream router.

Figure 10 RPT building at the IPv6 multicast source side

 

As shown in Figure 10, the process for building a source-side RPT is relatively simple:

4.     When an IPv6 multicast source sends multicast packets to the IPv6 multicast group G, the DF in each subnet unconditionally forwards the packets to the RP.

5.     The routers along the path from the source's directly connected router to the RP constitute an RPT branch. Each router on this branch adds a (*, G) entry to its forwarding table.

After a bidirectional RPT is built, the IPv6 multicast sources send multicast traffic to the RP along the source-side RPT. Then, the RP forwards the traffic to the receivers along the receiver-side RPT.

 

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

If a receiver and a source are at the same side of the RP, the source-side RPT and the receiver-side RPT might meet at a node before reaching the RP. In this case, the multicast packets from the IPv6 multicast source to the receiver are directly forwarded by the node, instead of by the RP.

 

IPv6 administrative scoping overview

Typically, an IPv6 PIM-SM domain or an IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain contains only one BSR, which is responsible for advertising RP-set information within the entire domain. Information about all IPv6 multicast groups is forwarded within the network that the BSR administers. This is called the "IPv6 non-scoped BSR mechanism."

IPv6 administrative scoping mechanism

To implement refined management, you can divide an IPv6 PIM-SM domain or IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain into an IPv6 global-scoped zone and multiple IPv6 administratively-scoped zones (admin-scoped zones). This is called the "IPv6 administrative scoping mechanism."

The administrative scoping mechanism effectively releases stress on the management in a single-BSR domain and enables provision of zone-specific services through private group addresses.

An IPv6 admin-scoped zone is designated to particular IPv6 multicast groups with the same scope field value in their group addresses. Zone border routers (ZBRs) form the boundary of an IPv6 admin-scoped zone. Each IPv6 admin-scoped zone maintains one BSR for IPv6 multicast groups with the same scope field value. IPv6 multicast protocol packets, such as assert messages and BSMs, of these IPv6 multicast groups cannot cross the boundary of the IPv6 admin-scoped zone for the group range. The IPv6 multicast group ranges to which different IPv6 admin-scoped zones are designated can have intersections. However, the IPv6 multicast groups in an IPv6 admin-scoped zone are valid only within its local zone, and theses IPv6 multicast groups are regarded as private group addresses.

The IPv6 global-scoped zone can be regarded as a special IPv6 admin-scoped zone, and it maintains a BSR for the IPv6 multicast groups with the scope field value as 14.

Relationship between IPv6 admin-scoped zones and the IPv6 global-scoped zone

The IPv6 global-scoped zone and each IPv6 admin-scoped zone have their own C-RPs and BSRs. These devices are effective only on their respective zones, and the BSR election and the RP election are implemented independently. Each IPv6 admin-scoped zone has its own boundary. The IPv6 multicast information within a zone cannot cross this boundary in either direction. You can have a better understanding of the IPv6 global-scoped zone and IPv6 admin-scoped zones based on geographical locations and the scope field values.

·     In view of geographical locations:

An IPv6 admin-scoped zone is a logical zone for particular IPv6 multicast groups with the same scope field value. The IPv6 multicast packets for such IPv6 multicast groups are confined within the local IPv6 admin-scoped zone and cannot cross the boundary of the zone.

Figure 11 Relationship in view of geographical locations

 

As shown in Figure 11, for the IPv6 multicast groups with the same scope field value, the IPv6 admin-scoped zones must be geographically separated and isolated. The IPv6 global-scoped zone includes all routers in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain or IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain. IPv6 multicast packets that do not belong to any IPv6 admin-scoped zones are forwarded in the entire IPv6 PIM-SM domain or IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain.

·     In view of the scope field values:

In terms of the scope field values, the scope field in an IPv6 multicast group address shows the zone to which the IPv6 multicast group belongs.

Figure 12 IPv6 multicast address format

 

An IPv6 admin-scoped zone with a larger scope field value contains an IPv6 admin-scoped zone with a smaller scope field value. The zone with the scope field value of E is the IPv6 global-scoped zone. Table 1 lists the possible values of the scope field.

Table 1 Values of the Scope field

Value

Meaning

Remarks

0, F

Reserved

N/A

1

Interface-local scope

N/A

2

Link-local scope

N/A

3

Subnet-local scope

IPv6 admin-scoped zone.

4

Admin-local scope

IPv6 admin-scoped zone.

5

Site-local scope

IPv6 admin-scoped zone.

6, 7, 9 through D

Unassigned

IPv6 admin-scoped zone.

8

Organization-local scope

IPv6 admin-scoped zone.

E

Global scope

IPv6 global-scoped zone.

 

IPv6 PIM-SSM overview

The ASM model includes IPv6 PIM-DM and IPv6 PIM-SM. The SSM model can be implemented by leveraging part of the IPv6 PIM-SM technique. It is also called "IPv6 PIM-SSM."

The SSM model provides a solution for source-specific multicast. It maintains the relationship between hosts and routers through MLDv2.

In actual applications, part of MLDv2 and IPv6 PIM-SM techniques are adopted to implement the SSM model. In the SSM model, because receivers have located an IPv6 multicast source, no RP or RPT is required. No source registration process is required for discovering IPv6 multicast sources in other IPv6 PIM domains.

Neighbor discovery

IPv6 PIM-SSM uses the same neighbor discovery mechanism as IPv6 PIM-SM. For more information, see "Neighbor discovery."

DR election

IPv6 PIM-SSM uses the same DR election mechanism as IPv6 PIM-SM. For more information, see "DR election."

SPT building

The decision to build an RPT for IPv6 PIM-SM or an SPT for IPv6 PIM-SSM depends on whether the IPv6 multicast group that the receiver host joins is in the IPv6 SSM group range. The IPv6 SSM group range reserved by IANA is FF3x::/32, where "x" represents any legal address scope.

Figure 13 SPT building in IPv6 PIM-SSM

 

As shown in Figure 13, Host B and Host C are receivers. They send MLDv2 report messages to their DRs to express their interest in the multicast information that the IPv6 multicast source S sends to the IPv6 multicast group G.

After receiving a report message, the DR first checks whether the group address in the message is in the IPv6 SSM group range and does the following:

·     If the group address is in the IPv6 SSM group range, the DR sends a subscribe message hop by hop toward the IPv6 multicast source S. All routers along the path from the DR to the IPv6 multicast source create an (S, G) entry to build an SPT. The SPT is rooted the IPv6 multicast source S and has the receivers as its leaves. This SPT is the transmission channel in IPv6 PIM-SSM.

·     If the group address is not in the IPv6 SSM group range, the receiver-side DR sends a (*, G) join message to the RP. The IPv6 multicast source registers with the source-side DR.

In IPv6 PIM-SSM, the term "subscribe message" refers to a join message.

Relationship among IPv6 PIM protocols

In an IPv6 PIM network, IPv6 PIM-DM cannot run together with IPv6 PIM-SM, IPv6 BIDIR-PIM, or IPv6 PIM-SSM. However, IPv6 PIM-SM, IPv6 BIDIR-PIM, and IPv6 PIM-SSM can run together. Figure 14 shows how the device selects one protocol from among them for a receiver trying to join a group.

For more information about MLD SSM mapping, see "Configuring MLD."

Figure 14 Relationship among IPv6 PIM protocols

 

IPv6 PIM support for VPNs

To support IPv6 PIM for VPNs, a multicast router that runs IPv6 PIM maintains an independent set of IPv6 PIM neighbor table, IPv6 multicast routing table, BSR information, and RP-set information for each VPN.

After receiving an IPv6 multicast data packet, the multicast router checks which VPN the IPv6 data packet belongs to. Then, the router forwards the IPv6 packet according to the IPv6 multicast routing table for that VPN or creates an IPv6 multicast routing entry for that VPN.

Protocols and standards

·     RFC 3973, Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM): Protocol Specification(Revised)

·     RFC 4601, Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised)

·     RFC 4610, Anycast-RP Using Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

·     RFC 3956, Embedding the Rendezvous Point (RP) Address in an IPv6 Multicast Address

·     RFC 5015, Bidirectional Protocol Independent Multicast (BIDIR-PIM)

·     RFC 5059, Bootstrap Router (BSR) Mechanism for Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

·     RFC 4607, Source-Specific Multicast for IP

·     Draft-ietf-ssm-overview-05, An Overview of Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)

Configuring IPv6 PIM-DM

This section describes how to configure IPv6 PIM-DM.

IPv6 PIM-DM configuration task list

Tasks at a glance

(Required.) Enabling IPv6 PIM-DM

(Optional.) Enabling the state refresh feature

(Optional.) Configuring state refresh parameters

(Optional.) Configuring the IPv6 PIM-DM graft retry timer

(Optional.) Configuring common IPv6 PIM features

 

Configuration prerequisites

Before you configure IPv6 PIM-DM, configure an IPv6 unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain can interoperate at the network layer.

Enabling IPv6 PIM-DM

Enable IPv6 multicast routing before configuring IPv6 PIM.

With IPv6 PIM-DM enabled on interfaces, routers can establish IPv6 PIM neighbor relationship and process IPv6 PIM messages from their IPv6 PIM neighbors. As a best practice, enable IPv6 PIM-DM on all non-border interfaces of routers when you deploy an IPv6 PIM-DM domain.

 

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

All the interfaces on a device must operate in the same IPv6 PIM mode in the public network or the same VPN instance.

 

To enable IPv6 PIM-DM:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enable IPv6 multicast routing and enter IPv6 MRIB view.

ipv6 multicast routing [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

By default, IPv6 multicast routing is disabled.

3.     Return to system view.

quit

N/A

4.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

5.     Enable IPv6 PIM-DM.

ipv6 pim dm

By default, IPv6 PIM-DM is disabled.

 

Enabling the state refresh feature

In an IPv6 PIM-DM domain, this feature enables the IPv6 PIM router that is directly connected to the source to periodically send state refresh messages. It also enables other PIM routers to refresh pruned state timers after receiving the state refresh messages. It prevents the pruned interfaces from resuming multicast forwarding. You must enable this feature on all IPv6 PIM routers on a subnet.

To enable the state refresh feature:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

3.     Enable the state refresh feature.

ipv6 pim state-refresh-capable

By default, the state refresh feature is enabled.

 

Configuring state refresh parameters

The state refresh interval determines the interval at which a router sends state refresh messages. It is configurable.

A router might receive duplicate state refresh messages within a short time. To prevent this situation, you can configure the amount of time that the router must wait to accept a new state refresh message. If the router receives a new state refresh message before the timer expires, it discards the message. If the router receives a new state refresh message after the timer expires, it accepts the message, refreshes its own IPv6 PIM-DM state, and resets the waiting timer.

The hop limit value of a state refresh message decrements by 1 whenever it passes a router before it is forwarded to the downstream node. The state refresh message stops being forwarded when the hop limit comes down to 0. A state refresh message with a large hop limit value might cycle on a small network. To control the propagation scope of state refresh messages, configure an appropriate hop limit value based on the network size on the router directly connected with the IPv6 multicast source.

To configure state refresh parameters:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Configure the state refresh interval.

state-refresh-interval interval

The default setting is 60 seconds.

4.     Configure the amount of time to wait before accepting a new state refresh message.

state-refresh-rate-limit time

The default setting is 30 seconds.

5.     Configure the hop limit value of state refresh messages.

state-refresh-hoplimit hoplimit-value

The default setting is 255.

 

Configuring the IPv6 PIM-DM graft retry timer

To configure the IPv6 PIM-DM graft retry timer:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

3.     Configure the IPv6 PIM-DM graft retry timer.

ipv6 pim timer graft-retry interval

By default, the IPv6 PIM-DM graft retry timer is 3 seconds.

 

For more information about the configuration of other timers in IPv6 PIM-DM, see "Configuring common IPv6 PIM timers."

Configuring IPv6 PIM-SM

This section describes how to configure IPv6 PIM-SM.

IPv6 PIM-SM configuration task list

Tasks at a glance

Remarks

(Required.) Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM

N/A

(Required.) Configuring an RP:

·     Configuring a static RP

·     Configuring a C-RP

·     (Optional.) Configuring Anycast RP

You must configure a static RP, a C-RP, or both in an IPv6 PIM-SM domain.

Configuring a BSR:

·     (Required.) Configuring a C-BSR

·     (Optional) Disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces

·     (Optional.) Configuring an IPv6 PIM domain border

·     (Optional.) Disabling BSM semantic fragmentation

Skip the task of configuring a BSR on a network without C-RPs.

(Optional.) Configuring IPv6 multicast source registration

N/A

(Optional.) Configuring the switchover to SPT

N/A

(Optional.) Configuring common IPv6 PIM features

N/A

 

Configuration prerequisites

Before you configure IPv6 PIM-SM, configure an IPv6 unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain can interoperate at the network layer.

Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM

Enable IPv6 multicast routing before configuring IPv6 PIM.

With IPv6 PIM-SM enabled on interfaces, routers can establish IPv6 PIM neighbor relationship and process IPv6 PIM messages from their IPv6 PIM neighbors. As a best practice, enable IPv6 PIM-SM on all non-border interfaces of routers when you deploy an IPv6 PIM-SM domain.

 

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

All the interfaces on the same router must operate in the same IPv6 PIM mode in the public network or the same VPN instance.

 

To enable IPv6 PIM-SM:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enable IPv6 multicast routing and enter IPv6 MRIB view.

ipv6 multicast routing [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

By default, IPv6 multicast routing is disabled.

3.     Return to system view.

quit

N/A

4.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

5.     Enable IPv6 PIM-SM.

ipv6 pim sm

By default, IPv6 PIM-SM is disabled.

 

Configuring an RP

An RP can provide services for multiple or all IPv6 multicast groups. However, only one RP at a time can forward IPv6 multicast traffic for an IPv6 multicast group.

An RP can be manually configured or dynamically elected through the BSR mechanism. For a large-scaled IPv6 PIM network, configuring static RPs is a tedious job. Generally, static RPs are backups for dynamic RPs to enhance the robustness and operational manageability on an IPv6 multicast network.

Configuring a static RP

If only one dynamic RP exists on a network, you can configure a static RP to avoid communication interruption caused by single-point failures. The static RP can also avoid waste of bandwidth due to frequent message exchange between C-RPs and the BSR.

When you configure static RPs, follow these restrictions and guidelines:

·     You can configure the same static RP for different IPv6 multicast groups by using the same RP address but different ACLs.

·     You do not need to enable IPv6 PIM for an interface to be configured as a static RP.

·     If you configure multiple static RPs for an IPv6 multicast group, only the static RP with the highest IPv6 address takes effect.

·     You must configure the same static RP on all routers in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain.

To configure a static RP:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Configure a static RP for IPv6 PIM-SM.

static-rp ipv6-rp-address [ ipv6-acl-number | preferred ] *

By default, no static RPs exist.

 

Configuring a C-RP

In an IPv6 PIM-SM domain, if you want a router to become the RP, you can configure the router as a C-RP. As a best practice, configure C-RPs on backbone routers.

The C-RPs periodically send advertisement messages to the BSR, which collects RP-set information for the RP election. You can configure the interval for sending the advertisement messages.

The holdtime option in C-RP advertisement messages defines the C-RP lifetime for the advertising C-RP. The BSR starts a holdtime timer for a C-RP after it receives an advertisement message. If the BSR does not receive any advertisement message when the timer expires, it considers the C-RP failed or unreachable.

A C-RP policy enables the BSR to filter C-RP advertisement messages by using an ACL that specifies the packet source address range and multicast group addresses. You must configure the same C-RP policy on all C-BSRs in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain because every C-BSR might become the BSR.

When you configure a C-RP, reserve a relatively large bandwidth between the C-RP and the other devices in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain.

The device might use the BSR RP hash algorithm described in RFC 4601 or in RFC 2362 to calculate the RP for a multicast group. To ensure consistent group-to-RP mappings on all PIM routers in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain, specify the same BSR RP hash algorithm on the routers.

To configure a C-RP:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Configure a C-RP.

c-rp ipv6-address [ advertisement-interval adv-interval | { group-policy ipv6-acl-number | scope scope-id } | holdtime hold-time | priority priority ] *

By default, no C-RPs exist.

4.     (Optional.) Configure a C-RP policy.

crp-policy ipv6-acl-number

By default, no C-RP policy exists, and all C-RP advertisement messages are regarded as legal.

5.     (Optional.) Configure the device to use the BSR RP hash algorithm described in RFC 2362.

bsr-rp-mapping rfc2362

By default, the device uses the BSR RP hash algorithm described in RFC 4601.

 

Configuring Anycast RP

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

The Anycast RP address must be different from the BSR address. Otherwise, the other Anycast member devices will discard the BSM sent by the BSR.

 

You must configure the static RP or C-RPs in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain before you configure the Anycast RP. Use the address of the static RP or the dynamically elected RP as the Anycast RP address.

When you configure Anycast RP, follow these restrictions and guidelines:

·     You must add the device that the Anycast RP resides as an RP member to the Anycast RP set. The RP member address cannot be the same as the Anycast RP address.

·     You must add all RP member addresses (including the local RP member address) to the Anycast RP set on each member RP device.

·     As a best practice, configure no more than 16 Anycast RP members for an Anycast RP set.

·     As a best practice, use the loopback interface address of an RP member device as an RP member address. If you add multiple interface addresses of an RP member device to an Anycast RP set, the lowest IPv6 address becomes the Anycast RP member address. The rest of the interface addresses become backup RP member addresses.

To configure Anycast RP:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Configure Anycast RP.

anycast-rp ipv6-anycast-rp-address ipv6-member-address

By default, Anycast RP is not configured.

You can repeat this command to add multiple RP member addresses to an Anycast RP set.

 

Configuring a BSR

You must configure a BSR if C-RPs are configured to dynamically select the RP. You do not need to configure a BSR when you have configured only a static RP but no C-RPs.

An IPv6 PIM-SM domain can have only one BSR, but must have a minimum of one C-BSR. Any router can be configured as a C-BSR. Elected from C-BSRs, the BSR is responsible for collecting and advertising RP information in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain.

The BSR election process is summarized as follows:

1.     Initially, each C-BSR regards itself as the BSR of the IPv6 PIM-SM domain and sends a BSM to other routers in the domain.

2.     When a C-BSR receives the BSM from another C-BSR, it compares its own priority with the priority carried in the message. The C-BSR with a higher priority wins the BSR election. If a tie exists in the priority, the C-BSR with a higher IPv6 address wins. The loser uses the winner's BSR address to replace its own BSR address and no longer regards itself as the BSR. The winner retains its own BSR address and continues to regard itself as the BSR.

The elected BSR distributes the RP-set information collected from C-RPs to all routers in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain. All routers use the same hash algorithm to get an RP for a specific IPv6 multicast group.

Configuring a C-BSR

A BSR policy enables the router to filter BSR messages by using an ACL that specifies the legal BSR addresses. Configure a BSR policy to guard against the following BSR spoofing cases:

·     Some maliciously configured hosts can forge BSMs to fool routers and change RP mappings. Such attacks often occur on border routers

·     When an attacker controls a router on the network, the attacker can configure the router as a C-BSR to win the BSR election. Through this router, the attacker controls the advertising of RP information.

When you configure a C-BSR, follow these restrictions and guidelines:

·     Configure C-BSRs on routers that are on the backbone network.

·     Reserve a relatively large bandwidth between the C-BSR and the other devices in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain.

·     You must configure the same BSR policy on all routers in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain. The BSR policy discards illegal BSR messages, but it partially guards against BSR attacks on the network. If an attacker controls a legal BSR, the problem still exists.

To configure a C-BSR:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Configure a C-BSR.

c-bsr ipv6-address [ scope scope-id ] [ hash-length hash-length | priority priority ] *

By default, no C-BSRs exist.

4.     (Optional.) Configure a BSR policy.

bsr-policy ipv6-acl-number

By default, no BSR policy exists, and all bootstrap messages are regarded as legal.

 

Configuring an IPv6 PIM domain border

An IPv6 PIM domain border determines the transmission boundary of bootstrap messages. Bootstrap messages cannot cross the domain border in either direction. A number of IPv6 PIM domain border interfaces partition a network into different IPv6 PIM-SM domains.

To configure an IPv6 PIM border domain:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

3.     Configure an IPv6 PIM domain border.

ipv6 pim bsr-boundary

By default, an interface is not an IPv6 PIM domain border.

 

Disabling BSM semantic fragmentation

BSM semantic fragmentation enables a BSR to split a BSM into multiple BSM fragments (BSMFs) if the BSM exceeds the MTU. In this way, a non-BSR router can update the RP-set information for a group range after receiving all BSMFs for the group range. The loss of one BSMF only affects the RP-set information of the group ranges that the fragment contains.

If the IPv6 PIM-SM domain contains a device that does not support this feature, you must disable BSM semantic fragmentation on all C-BSRs. If you do not disable this feature, such a device regards a BSMF as a BSM and updates the RP-set information each time it receives a BSMF. It learns only part of the RP-set information, which further affects the RP election.

To disable BSM semantic fragmentation:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Disable BSM semantic fragmentation.

undo bsm-fragment enable

By default, BSM semantic fragmentation is enabled.

 

 

NOTE:

Generally, a BSR performs BSM semantic fragmentation according to the MTU of its BSR interface. For BSMs originated due to learning of a new IPv6 PIM neighbor, semantic fragmentation is performed according to the MTU of the interface that sends the BSMs.

 

Disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces

By default, the device forwards BSMs out of their incoming interfaces to avoid the situation that some devices cannot receive the BSMs because of inconsistent routing information. This results in duplicated traffic. If all the devices have consistent routing information, you can disable the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces to reduce the traffic.

To disable the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Disable the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces.

undo bsm-reflection enable

By default, the device forwards BSMs out of their incoming interfaces.

 

Configuring IPv6 multicast source registration

An IPv6 PIM register policy enables an RP to filter register messages by using an ACL that specifies the IPv6 multicast sources and groups. The policy limits the multicast groups to which the RP is designated. If a register message is denied by the ACL or does not match the ACL, the RP discards the register message and sends a register-stop message to the source-side DR. The registration process stops.

You can configure the device to calculate the checksum based on the entire register message to ensure the information integrity of a register message in the transmission process. If a device that does not support this feature is present on the network, you can configure the device to calculate the checksum based on the register message header.

The RP sends a register-stop message to the source-side DR in one of the following conditions:

·     The RP stops providing services to the receivers for an IPv6 multicast group. The receivers do not receive IPv6 multicast data addressed to the IPv6 multicast group through the RP.

·     The RP receives IPv6 multicast data that travels along the SPT.

After receiving the register-stop message, the DR stops sending register messages encapsulated with IPv6 multicast data and starts a register-stop timer. Before the register-stop timer expires, the DR sends a null register message (a register message without encapsulated IPv6 multicast data) to the RP and starts a register probe timer. If the DR receives a register-stop message before the register probe timer expires, it resets its register-stop timer. Otherwise, the DR starts sending register messages with encapsulated data again.

The register-stop timer is set to a random value chosen uniformly from (0.5 × register_suppression_time minus register_probe_time) to (1.5 × register_suppression_time minus register_probe_time). The register_probe_time is (5 seconds).

On all C-RP routers, perform the following tasks:

·     Configure an IPv6 PIM register policy.

·     Configure the routers to calculate the checksum based on the entire register messages or the register message header.

On all routers that might become the source-side DR, configure the register suppression time.

To configure IPv6 multicast source registration:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Configure an IPv6 PIM register policy.

register-policy ipv6-acl-number

By default, no IPv6 register policy exists, and all IPv6 register messages are regarded as legal.

4.     Configure the device to calculate the checksum based on the entire register message.

register-whole-checksum

By default, the device calculates the checksum based on the header of a register message.

5.     Configure the register suppression time.

register-suppression-timeout interval

The default setting is 60 seconds.

 

Configuring the switchover to SPT

CAUTION

CAUTION:

If the router is an RP, disabling the switchover to SPT might cause multicast traffic forwarding failures on the source-side DR. When disabling switchover to SPT, make sure you fully understand its impact on your network.

 

To configure the switchover to SPT:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Configure the switchover to SPT.

spt-switch-threshold { immediacy | infinity } [ group-policy ipv6-acl-number ]

By default, the first IPv6 multicast data packet triggers the RPT to SPT switchover.

 

Configuring IPv6 BIDIR-PIM

This section describes how to configure IPv6 BIDIR-PIM.

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM configuration task list

Tasks at a glance

Remarks

(Required.) Enabling IPv6 BIDIR-PIM

N/A

(Required.) Configuring an RP:

·     Configuring a static RP

·     Configuring a C-RP

·     Setting the maximum number of IPv6 BIDIR-PIM RPs

You must configure a static RP, a C-RP, or both in an IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain.

Configuring a BSR

·     (Required.) Configuring a C-BSR

·     (Optional.) Configuring an IPv6 PIM domain border

·     (Optional.) Disabling BSM semantic fragmentation

·     (Optional.) Disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces

Skip the task of configuring a BSR on an IPv6 network without C-RPs.

(Optional.) Configuring common IPv6 PIM features

N/A

(Optional.) Enabling SNMP notifications for IPv6 PIM

N/A

(Optional.) Configuring common IPv6 PIM features

N/A

Configuration prerequisites

Before you configure IPv6 BIDIR-PIM, configure an IPv6 unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain can interoperate at the network layer.

Enabling IPv6 BIDIR-PIM

Because IPv6 BIDIR-PIM is implemented on the basis of IPv6 PIM-SM, you must enable IPv6 PIM-SM before enabling IPv6 BIDIR-PIM. As a best practice, enable IPv6 PIM-SM on all non-border interfaces of routers when you deploy an IPv6 BIDIR-PIM.

 

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

All interfaces on a device must be enabled with the same IPv6 PIM mode.

 

To enable IPv6 BIDIR-PIM:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enable IPv6 multicast routing and enter MRIB view.

ipv6 multicast routing [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

By default, IPv6 multicast routing is disabled.

3.     Return to system view.

quit

N/A

4.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

5.     Enable IPv6 PIM-SM.

ipv6 pim sm

By default, IPv6 PIM-SM is disabled.

6.     Return to system view.

quit

N/A

7.     Enter IPv6 PIM view

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

8.     Enable IPv6 BIDIR-PIM

bidir-pim enable

By default, IPv6 BIDIR-SM is disabled.

 

Configuring an RP

CAUTION

CAUTION:

When both IPv6 PIM-SM and IPv6 BIDIR-PIM run on the IPv6 PIM network, do not use the same RP to provide services for IPv6 PIM-SM and IPv6 BIDIR-PIM. Otherwise, exceptions might occur to the IPv6 PIM routing table.

 

An RP can provide services for multiple or all IPv6 multicast groups. However, only one RP at a time can forward IPv6 multicast traffic for an IPv6 multicast group.

An RP can be manually configured or dynamically elected through the BSR mechanism. For a large-scaled IPv6 PIM network, configuring static RPs is a tedious job. Generally, static RPs are backups for dynamic RPs to enhance the robustness and operational manageability on an IPv6 multicast network.

Configuring a static RP

If only one dynamic RP exists on a network, you can configure a static RP to avoid communication interruption caused by single-point failures. The static RP can also avoid bandwidth waste due to frequent message exchange between C-RPs and the BSR.

In IPv6 BIDIR-PIM, a static RP can be specified with an unassigned IPv6 address. This address must be on the same subnet with the link on which the static RP is configured. For example, if the IPv6 addresses of the interfaces at the two ends of a link are 1001::1/64 and 1001::2/64, you can assign 1001::100/64 to the static RP. As a result, the link becomes an RPL.

When you configure static RPs, follow these restrictions and guidelines:

·     You can configure the same static RP for different IPv6 multicast groups by using the same RP address but different ACLs.

·     You do not need to enable IPv6 PIM for an interface to be configured as a static RP.

·     If you configure multiple static RPs for an IPv6 multicast group, only the static RP with the highest IPv6 address takes effect.

·     The static RP configuration must be the same on all routers in the IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain.

To configure a static RP for IPv6 BIDIR-PIM:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Configure a static RP for IPv6 BIDIR-PIM.

static-rp ipv6-rp-address bidir [ ipv6-acl-number | preferred ] *

By default, no static RPs exist.

 

Configuring a C-RP

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

·     When you configure a C-RP, reserve a large bandwidth between the C-RP and other devices in the IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain.

·     As a best practice, configure C-RPs on backbone routers.

 

In an IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain, if you want a router to become the RP, you can configure the router as a C-RP. The BSR collects the C-RP information according to the received advertisement messages from C-RPs or the auto-RP announcements from other routers. Then, it organizes the C-RP information into the RP-set information, which is flooded throughout the entire network. The other routers in the network can determine the RPs for different IPv6 multicast group ranges based on the RP-set information.

To enable the BSR to distribute the RP-set information in the BIDIR-PIM domain, the C-RPs must periodically send advertisement messages to the BSR. The BSR learns the C-RP information, encapsulates the C-RP information and its own IPv6 address in a BSM, and floods the BSM to all IPv6 PIM routers in the domain.

An advertisement message contains a holdtime option, which defines the C-RP lifetime for the advertising C-RP. After the BSR receives an advertisement message from a C-RP, it starts a timer for the C-RP. If the BSR does not receive any advertisement message when the timer expires, it considers the C-RP failed or unreachable.

The device might use the BSR RP hash algorithm described in RFC 4601 or in RFC 2362 to calculate the RP for a multicast group. To ensure consistent group-to-RP mappings on all PIM routers in the IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain, specify the same BSR RP hash algorithm on the routers.

To configure a C-RP:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Configure a C-RP to provide services for IPv6 BIDIR-PIM.

c-rp ipv6-address [ advertisement-interval adv-interval | { group-policy ipv6-acl-number | scope scope-id } | holdtime hold-time | priority priority ] * bidir

By default, no C-RPs exist.

4.     (Optional.) Configure the device to use RP hash algorithm described in RFC 2362.

bsr-rp-mapping rfc2362

By default, the device uses the BSR RP hash algorithm described in RFC 4601.

 

Setting the maximum number of IPv6 BIDIR-PIM RPs

In an IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain, one DF election per RP is implemented on all IPv6 PIM-enabled interfaces. To avoid unnecessary DF elections, do not configure multiple RPs for IPv6 BIDIR-PIM.

This configuration sets a limit on the number of IPv6 BIDIR-PIM RPs. If the number of RPs exceeds the limit, excess RPs do not take effect and can be used only for DF election rather than IPv6 multicast data forwarding. The system does not delete these excess RPs. They must be deleted manually.

To set the maximum number of IPv6 BIDIR-PIM RPs:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Set the maximum number of IPv6 BIDIR-PIM RPs.

bidir-rp-limit limit

By default, a maximum of six IPv6 BIDIR-PIM RPs are supported.

 

Configuring a BSR

You must configure a BSR if C-RPs are configured to dynamically select the RP. You do not need to configure a BSR when you have configured only a static RP but no C-RPs.

An IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain can have only one BSR, but must have a minimum of one C-BSR. Any router can be configured as a C-BSR. Elected from C-BSRs, the BSR is responsible for collecting and advertising RP information in the IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain.

The BSR election process is summarized as follows:

1.     Initially, each C-BSR regards itself as the BSR of the IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain and sends BSMs to other routers in the domain.

2.     When a C-BSR receives the BSM from another C-BSR, it compares its own priority with the priority carried in the message. The C-BSR with a higher priority wins the BSR election. If a tie exists in the priority, the C-BSR with a higher IPv6 address wins. The loser uses the winner's BSR address to replace its own BSR address and no longer regards itself as the BSR. The winner retains its own BSR address and continues to regard itself as the BSR.

The elected BSR distributes the RP-set information collected from C-RPs to all routers in the IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain. All routers use the same hash algorithm to get an RP for a specific IPv6 multicast group.

Configuring a C-BSR

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

Because the BSR and other devices exchange a large amount of information in the IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain, reserve a large bandwidth between the C-BSR and other devices.

 

A BSR policy enables the router to filter BSR messages by using an ACL that specifies the legal BSR addresses. Configure a BSR policy to guard against the following BSR spoofing cases:

·     Some maliciously configured hosts can forge BSMs to fool routers and change RP mappings. Such attacks often occur on border routers.

·     When an attacker controls a router on the network, the attacker can configure the router as a C-BSR to win the BSR election. Through this router, the attacker controls the advertising of RP information.

When you configure a C-BSR, follow these restrictions and guidelines:

·     C-BSRs should be configured on routers on the backbone network.

·     You must configure the same BSR policy on all routers in the IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain. The BSR policy discards illegal BSR messages, but it partially guards against BSR attacks on the network. If an attacker controls a legal BSR, the problem still exists.

To configure a C-BSR:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Configure a C-BSR.

c-bsr ipv6-address [ scope scope-id ] [ hash-length hash-length | priority priority ] *

By default, no C-BSRs exist.

4.     (Optional.) Configure a BSR policy.

bsr-policy ipv6-acl-number

By default, no BSR policy exists, and all bootstrap messages are regarded as legal.

 

Configuring an IPv6 PIM domain border

An IPv6 PIM domain border determines the transmission boundary of bootstrap messages. Bootstrap messages cannot cross the domain border in either direction. A number of PIM domain border interfaces partition a network into different IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domains.

To configure an IPv6 PIM domain border:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

3.     Configure an IPv6 PIM domain border.

ipv6 pim bsr-boundary

By default, an interface is not an IPv6 PIM domain border.

 

Disabling BSM semantic fragmentation

BSM semantic fragmentation enables a BSR to split a BSM into multiple BSM fragments (BSMFs) if the BSM exceeds the MTU. In this way, a non-BSR router can update the RP-set information for a group range after receiving all BSMFs for the group range. The loss of one BSMF only affects the RP-set information of the group ranges that the fragment contains.

If the IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain contains a device that does not support this feature, you must disable BSM semantic fragmentation on all C-BSRs. If you do not disable this feature, such a device regards a BSMF as an entire BSM and updates the RP-set information each time it receives a BSMF. It learns only part of the RP-set information, which further affects the RP election.

To disable BSM semantic fragmentation:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Disable BSM semantic fragmentation.

undo bsm-fragment enable

By default, BSM semantic fragmentation is enabled.

 

 

NOTE:

Generally, a BSR performs BSM semantic fragmentation according to the MTU of its BSR interface. For BSMs originated due to learning of a new IPv6 PIM neighbor, semantic fragmentation is performed according to the MTU of the interface that sends the BSMs.

 

Disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces

By default, the device forwards BSMs out of their incoming interfaces to avoid the situation that some devices cannot receive the BSMs because of inconsistent routing information. This results in duplicated traffic. If the devices have consistent routing information, you can disable the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces to reduce the traffic.

To disable the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Disable the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces.

undo bsm-reflection enable

By default, the device forwards BSMs out of their incoming interfaces.

 

Configuring IPv6 PIM-SSM

IPv6 PIM-SSM requires MLDv2 support. Enable MLDv2 on IPv6 PIM routers that connect to multicast receivers.

IPv6 PIM-SSM configuration task list

Tasks at a glance

(Required.) Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM

(Optional.) Configuring the IPv6 SSM group range

(Optional.) Configuring common IPv6 PIM features

 

Configuration prerequisites

Before you configure IPv6 PIM-SSM, configure an IPv6 unicast IPv6 routing protocol so that all devices in the domain can interoperate at the network layer.

Enabling IPv6 PIM-SM

Before you configure IPv6 PIM-SSM, you must enable IPv6 PIM-SM, because the implementation of the IPv6 SSM model is based on subsets of IPv6 PIM-SM.

When you deploy an IPv6 PIM-SSM domain, enable IPv6 PIM-SM on non-border interfaces of the routers.

 

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

All the interfaces on a device must be enabled with the same IPv6 PIM mode.

 

To enable IPv6 PIM-SM:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enable IP multicast routing, and enter MRIB view.

ipv6 multicast routing [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

By default, IPv6 multicast routing is disabled.

3.     Return to system view.

quit

N/A

4.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

5.     Enable IPv6 PIM-SM.

ipv6 pim sm

By default, IPv6 PIM-SM is disabled.

 

Configuring the IPv6 SSM group range

When an IPv6 PIM-SM enabled interface receives an IPv6 multicast packet, it checks whether the IPv6 multicast group address of the packet is in the IPv6 SSM group range. If the IPv6 multicast group address is in this range, the IPv6 PIM mode for this packet is IPv6 PIM-SSM. If the IPv6 multicast group address is not in this range, the IPv6 PIM mode is IPv6 PIM-SM.

Configuration restrictions and guidelines

When you configure the IPv6 SSM group range, follow these restrictions and guidelines:

·     Configure the same IPv6 SSM group range on all routers in the entire IPv6 PIM-SM domain. Otherwise, IPv6 multicast information cannot be delivered through the IPv6 SSM model.

·     When a member of an IPv6 multicast group in the IPv6 SSM group range sends an MLDv1 report message, the device does not trigger a (*, G) join.

Configuration procedure

To configure an IPv6 SSM group range:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim

N/A

3.     Configure the IPv6 SSM group range.

ssm-policy ipv6-acl-number

The default range is FF3x::/32, where x can be any valid scope.

 

Configuring common IPv6 PIM features

Configuration task list

Tasks at a glance

(Optional.) Configuring an IPv6 multicast source policy

(Optional.) Configuring an IPv6 PIM hello policy

(Optional.) Configuring IPv6 PIM hello message options

(Optional.) Configuring common IPv6 PIM timers

(Optional.) Setting the maximum size of a join or prune message

(Optional.) Enabling BFD for IPv6 PIM

(Optional.) Enabling IPv6 PIM passive mode

(Optional.) Enabling IPv6 PIM NSR

(Optional.) Enabling SNMP notifications for IPv6 PIM

(Optional.) Setting the DSCP value for outgoing IPv6 PIM protocol packets

 

Configuration prerequisites

Before you configure common IPv6 PIM features, complete the following tasks:

·     Configure an IPv6 unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain can interoperate at the network layer.

·     Configure IPv6 PIM-DM or IPv6 PIM-SSM.

Configuring an IPv6 multicast source policy

This feature enables the device to filter IPv6 multicast data by using an ACL that specifies the IPv6 multicast sources and the optional groups. It filters not only IPv6 multicast data packets but also IPv6 PIM register messages with IPv6 multicast data encapsulated. This also reduces the IPv6 multicast traffic on the network.

To configure an IPv6 multicast source policy:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Configure an IPv6 multicast source policy.

source-policy ipv6-acl-number

By default, no IPv6 multicast source policy exists. The device does not filter IPv6 multicast data packets.

 

Configuring an IPv6 PIM hello policy

This feature enables the device to filter IPv6 PIM hello messages by using an ACL that specifies the packet source addresses. It is used to guard against IPv6 PIM message attacks and to establish correct IPv6 PIM neighboring relationships.

If hello messages of an existing IPv6 PIM neighbor are filtered out by the policy, the neighbor is automatically removed when its aging timer expires.

To configure an IPv6 PIM hello policy:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

3.     Configure an IPv6 PIM hello policy.

ipv6 pim neighbor-policy ipv6-acl-number

By default, no IPv6 PIM hello policy exists on an interface, and all IPv6 PIM hello messages are regarded as legal.

 

Configuring IPv6 PIM hello message options

In either an IPv6 PIM-DM domain or an IPv6 PIM-SM domain, hello messages exchanged among routers contain the following configurable options:

·     DR_Priority (for IPv6 PIM-SM only)—Priority for DR election. The device with the highest priority wins the DR election. You can configure this option for all the routers in a shared-media LAN that directly connects to the IPv6 multicast source or the receivers.

·     Holdtime—IPv6 PIM neighbor lifetime. If a router receives no hello message from a neighbor when the neighbor lifetime expires, it regards the neighbor failed or unreachable.

·     LAN_Prune_Delay—Delay of pruning a downstream interface on a shared-media LAN. This option has LAN delay, override interval, and neighbor tracking support (the capability to disable join message suppression).

The LAN delay defines the IPv6 PIM message propagation delay. The override interval defines a time period for a downstream router to override a prune message. If the propagation delay or override interval on different IPv6 PIM routers on a shared-media LAN are different, the largest ones apply.

On the shared-media LAN, the propagation delay and override interval are used as follows:

¡     If a router receives a prune message on its upstream interface, it means that there are downstream routers on the shared-media LAN. If this router still needs to receive multicast data, it must send a join message to override the prune message within the override interval.

¡     When a router receives a prune message from its downstream interface, it does not immediately prune this interface. Instead, it starts a timer (the propagation delay plus the override interval). If interface receives a join message before the timer expires, the router does not prune the interface. Otherwise, the router prunes the interface.

If you enable neighbor tracking on an upstream router, this router can track the states of the downstream nodes for which the joined state holdtime timer has not expired. If you want to enable neighbor tracking, you must enable it on all IPv6 PIM routers on a shared-media LAN. Otherwise, the upstream router cannot track join messages from every downstream routers.

·     Generation ID—A router generates a generation ID for hello messages when an interface is enabled with IPv6 PIM. The generation ID is a random value, but only changes when the status of the router changes. If an IPv6 PIM router finds that the generation ID in a hello message from the upstream router has changed, it considers that the status of the upstream router has changed. In this case, it sends a join message to the upstream router for status update. You can configure an interface to drop hello messages without the generation ID options to promptly know the status of an upstream router.

You can configure hello message options for all interfaces in IPv6 PIM view or for the current interface in interface view. The configuration made in interface view takes priority over the configurations made in IPv6 PIM view.

Configuring hello message options globally

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Set the DR priority.

hello-option dr-priority priority

The default setting is 1.

4.     Set the neighbor lifetime.

hello-option holdtime time

The default setting is 105 seconds.

5.     Set the IPv6 PIM message propagation delay for a shared-media LAN.

hello-option lan-delay delay

The default setting is 500 milliseconds.

6.     Set the override interval.

hello-option override-interval interval

The default setting is 2500 milliseconds.

7.     Enable neighbor tracking.

hello-option neighbor-tracking

By default, neighbor tracking is disabled.

 

Configuring hello message options on an interface

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

3.     Set the DR priority.

ipv6 pim hello-option dr-priority priority

The default setting is 1.

4.     Set the neighbor lifetime.

ipv6 pim hello-option holdtime time

The default setting is 105 seconds.

5.     Set the IPv6 PIM message propagation delay.

ipv6 pim hello-option lan-delay delay

The default setting is 500 milliseconds.

6.     Set the override interval.

ipv6 pim hello-option override-interval interval

The default setting is 2500 milliseconds.

7.     Enable neighbor tracking.

ipv6 pim hello-option neighbor-tracking

By default, neighbor tracking is disabled.

8.     Enable dropping hello messages without the Generation ID option.

ipv6 pim require-genid

By default, an interface accepts hello messages without the Generation ID option.

 

Configuring common IPv6 PIM timers

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

To prevent the upstream neighbors from aging out, you must configure the interval for sending join/prune messages to be less than the joined/pruned state holdtime timer.

 

The following are common timers in IPv6 PIM:

·     Hello intervalInterval at which an IPv6 PIM router sends hello messages to discover IPv6 PIM neighbors and maintain IPv6 PIM neighbor relationship.

·     Triggered hello delay—Maximum delay for sending a hello message to avoid collisions caused by simultaneous hello messages. After receiving a hello message, an IPv6 PIM router waits for a random time before sending a hello message. This random time is in the range of 0 to the triggered hello delay.

·     Join/Prune interval—Interval at which an IPv6 PIM router sends join/prune messages to its upstream routers for state update.

·     Joined/Pruned state holdtime—Time for which an IPv6 PIM router keeps the joined/pruned state for the downstream interfaces. This joined/pruned state holdtime is contained in a join/prune message.

·     IPv6 multicast source lifetime—Lifetime that an IPv6 PIM router maintains for an IPv6 multicast source. If a router does not receive subsequent IPv6 multicast data from the IPv6 multicast source S when the timer expires, it deletes the (S, G) entry for the IPv6 multicast source.

You can configure common IPv6 PIM timers for all interfaces in IPv6 PIM view or for the current interface in interface view. The configuration made in interface view takes priority over the configuration made in IPv6 PIM view.

 

TIP

TIP:

As a best practice, use the defaults for a network without special requirements.

 

Configuring common IPv6 PIM timers globally

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Set the hello interval.

timer hello interval

By default, the interval to send hello messages is 30 seconds.

4.     Set the join/prune interval.

timer join-prune interval

By default, the interval to send join/prune messages is 60 seconds.

NOTE:

This configuration takes effect after the current interval ends.

5.     Set the joined/pruned state holdtime.

holdtime join-prune time

By default, the joined/pruned state holdtime timer is 210 seconds.

6.     Set the IPv6 multicast source lifetime.

source-lifetime time

By default, the IPv6 multicast source lifetime is 210 seconds.

 

Configuring common IPv6 PIM timers on an interface

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

3.     Set the hello interval.

ipv6 pim timer hello interval

The default setting is 30 seconds.

4.     Set the triggered hello delay.

ipv6 pim triggered-hello-delay delay

The default setting is 5 seconds.

5.     Set the join/prune interval.

ipv6 pim timer join-prune interval

The default setting is 60 seconds.

This configuration takes effect after the current interval ends.

6.     Set the joined/pruned state holdtime.

ipv6 pim holdtime join-prune time

The default setting is 210 seconds.

 

Setting the maximum size of a join or prune message

The loss of an oversized join or prune message might result in loss of massive information. You can set a small value for the size of a join or prune message to reduce the impact.

To set the maximum size of a join or prune message:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Set the maximum size of a join or prune message.

jp-pkt-size size

In Release 2609, the maximum size of a join or prune message is 8100 bytes.

In R2612 and later, the maximum size of a join or prune message is 1200 bytes.

 

Enabling BFD for IPv6 PIM

If a DR on a shared-media network fails, a new DR election process will start after the DR ages out. However, it might take a long period of time before other routers detect the link failures and trigger a new DR election. To start a new DR election process immediately after the original DR fails, you can enable BFD for IPv6 PIM to detect link failures among IPv6 PIM neighbors.

You must enable BFD for IPv6 PIM on all IPv6 PIM routers on a shared-media network. For more information about BFD, see High Availability Configuration Guide.

You must enable IPv6 PIM-DM or IPv6 PIM-SM on an interface before you configure this feature on the interface.

To enable BFD for IPv6 PIM:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

3.     Enable BFD for IPv6 PIM.

ipv6 pim bfd enable

By default, BFD is disabled for IPv6 PIM.

 

Enabling IPv6 PIM passive mode

To guard against IPv6 PIM hello spoofing, you can enable IPv6 PIM passive mode on a receiver-side interface. The interface cannot receive or forward IPv6 PIM protocol messages (excluding register, register-stop and C-RP-Adv messages), and acts as the DR on the subnet. In IPv6 BIDIR-PIM, it also acts as the DF.

Configuration restrictions and guidelines

When you enable IPv6 PIM passive mode, follow these restrictions and guidelines:

·     This feature takes effect only when IPv6 PIM-DM or IPv6 PIM-SM is enabled on the interface.

·     To avoid duplicate multicast data transmission and flow loop, do not enable this feature on a shared-media LAN with multiple IPv6 PIM routers.

Configuration procedure

To enable IPv6 PIM passive mode on an interface:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

N/A

3.     Enable IPv6 PIM passive mode on the interface.

ipv6 pim passive

By default, IPv6 PIM passive mode is disabled on an interface.

 

Enabling IPv6 PIM NSR

This feature enables IPv6 PIM to back up protocol state information, including IPv6 PIM neighbor information and routes, from the active process to the standby process. The standby process immediately takes over when the active process fails. Use this feature to avoid route flapping and forwarding interruption for IPv6 PIM when an active/standby switchover occurs.

To enable IPv6 PIM NSR:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enable IPv6 PIM NSR.

ipv6 pim non-stop-routing

By default, IPv6 PIM NSR is disabled.

 

Enabling SNMP notifications for IPv6 PIM

To report critical IPv6 PIM events to an NMS, enable SNMP notifications for IPv6 PIM. For PIM event notifications to be sent correctly, you must also configure SNMP as described in Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide.

To enable SNMP notifications for IPv6 PIM:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enable SNMP notifications for IPv6 PIM.

snmp-agent trap enable pim6 [ candidate-bsr-win-election | elected-bsr-lost-election | neighbor-loss ] *

By default, SNMP notifications for IPv6 PIM are enabled.

 

Setting the DSCP value for outgoing IPv6 PIM protocol packets

The DSCP value determines the packet transmission priority. A greater DSCP value represents a higher priority.

To set the DSCP value for outgoing IPv6 PIM protocol packets:

 

Step

Command

Remarks

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter IPv6 PIM view.

ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

N/A

3.     Set the DSCP value for outgoing IPv6 PIM protocol packets.

dscp dscp-value

The default setting is 48.

 

Displaying and maintaining IPv6 PIM

Execute display commands in any view.

 

Task

Command

Display register-tunnel interface information.

display interface [ register-tunnel [ interface-number ] ] [ brief [ description| down ] ]

Display BSR information in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain.

display ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] bsr-info

Display information about the routes used by IPv6 PIM.

display ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] claimed-route [ ipv6-source-address ]

Display C-RP information in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain.

display ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] c-rp [ local ]

Display DF information in the IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain.

display ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] df-info [ ipv6-rp-address ]

Display IPv6 PIM information on an interface.

display ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] interface [ interface-type interface-number ] [ verbose ]

Display IPv6 PIM neighbor information.

display ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] neighbor [ ipv6-neighbor-address | interface interface-type interface-number | verbose ] *

Display IPv6 PIM routing entries.

display ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] routing-table [ ipv6-group-address [ prefix-length ] | ipv6-source-address [ prefix-length ] | flags flag-value | fsm | incoming-interface interface-type interface-number | mode mode-type | outgoing-interface { exclude | include | match } interface-type interface-number ] *

Display RP information in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain.

display ipv6 pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] rp-info [ ipv6-group-address ]

Display statistics for IPv6 PIM packets.

display ipv6 pim statistics

 

IPv6 PIM configuration examples

IPv6 PIM-DM configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 15:

·     OSPFv3 runs on the network.

·     VOD streams are sent to receiver hosts in multicast. The receiver groups of different organizations form stub networks, and one or more receiver hosts exist in each stub network. The entire IPv6 PIM domain is operating in the dense mode.

·     Host A and Host C are multicast receivers in two stub networks N1 and N2.

·     MLDv1 runs between Switch A and N1, and between Switch B, Switch C, and N2.

Figure 15 Network diagram

 

Table 2 Interface and IPv6 address assignment

Device

Interface

IPv6 address

Device

Interface

IPv6 address

Switch A

Vlan-int100

1001::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int300

4001::1/64

Switch A

Vlan-int103

1002::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int103

1002::2/64

Switch B

Vlan-int200

2001::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int101

2002::2/64

Switch B

Vlan-int101

2002::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int102

3001::2/64

Switch C

Vlan-int200

2001::2/64

Switch D

Vlan-int300

4001::1/64

Switch C

Vlan-int102

3001::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int103

1002::2/64

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Assign an IPv6 address and prefix length to each interface, as shown in Figure 15. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure OSPFv3 on the switches in the IPv6 PIM-DM domain. (Details not shown.)

3.     Enable IPv6 multicast routing, MLD, and IPv6 PIM-DM:

# On Switch A, enable IPv6 multicast routing.

<SwitchA> system-view

[SwitchA] ipv6 multicast routing

[SwitchA-mrib6] quit

# Enable MLD on VLAN-interface 100 (the interface that is connected to the stub network).

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 100

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] mld enable

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] quit

# Enable IPv6 PIM-DM on VLAN-interface 103.

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 103

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface103] ipv6 pim dm

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface103] quit

# Enable IPv6 multicast routing, MLD, and IPv6 PIM-DM on Switch B and Switch C in the same way Switch A is configured. (Details not shown.)

# On Switch D, enable IPv6 multicast routing, and enable IPv6 PIM-DM on each interface.

<SwitchD> system-view

[SwitchD] ipv6 multicast routing

[SwitchD-mrib6] quit

[SwitchD] interface vlan-interface 300

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface300] ipv6 pim dm

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface300] quit

[SwitchD] interface vlan-interface 103

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface103] ipv6 pim dm

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface103] quit

[SwitchD] interface vlan-interface 101

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface101] ipv6 pim dm

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface101] quit

[SwitchD] interface vlan-interface 102

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface102] ipv6 pim dm

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface102] quit

Verifying the configuration

# Display IPv6 PIM information on Switch D.

[SwitchD] display ipv6 pim interface

 Interface          NbrCnt HelloInt   DR-Pri     DR-Address

 Vlan300            0      30         1          FE80::A01:201:1

                                                 (local)

 Vlan103            0      30         1          FE80::A01:201:2

                                                 (local)

 Vlan101            1      30         1          FE80::A01:201:3

                                                 (local)

 Vlan102            1      30         1          FE80::A01:201:4

                                                 (local)

# Display IPv6 PIM neighboring relationship on Switch D.

[SwitchD] display ipv6 pim neighbor

 Total Number of Neighbors = 3

 

 Neighbor        Interface           Uptime   Expires  Dr-Priority

 FE80::A01:101:1 Vlan103             00:04:00 00:01:29 1

 FE80::B01:102:2 Vlan101             00:04:16 00:01:29 3

 FE80::C01:103:3 Vlan102             00:03:54 00:01:17 5

# Send an MLD report from Host A to join IPv6 multicast group FF0E::101. (Details not shown.)

# Send IPv6 multicast data from IPv6 multicast source 4001::100/64 to IPv6 multicast group FF0E::101. (Details not shown.)

# Display IPv6 PIM multicast routing table information on Switch A.

[SwitchA] display ipv6 pim routing-table

 Total 1 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry

 

 (*, FF0E::101)

     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: WC

     UpTime: 00:01:24

     Upstream interface: NULL

         Upstream neighbor: NULL

         RPF prime neighbor: NULL

     Downstream interface(s) information:

     Total number of downstreams: 1

         1: Vlan-interface100

             Protocol: mld, UpTime: 00:01:20, Expires: -

 

 (4001::100, FF0E::101)

     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: ACT

     UpTime: 00:01:20

     Upstream interface: Vlan-interface103

         Upstream neighbor: 1002::2

         RPF prime neighbor: 1002::2

     Downstream interface(s) information:

     Total number of downstreams: 1

         1: Vlan-interface100

             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:01:20, Expires: -

# Display IPv6 PIM multicast routing table information on Switch D.

[SwitchD] display ipv6 pim routing-table

 Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry

 

 (4001::100, FF0E::101)

     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: LOC ACT

     UpTime: 00:02:19

     Upstream interface: Vlan-interface300

         Upstream neighbor: NULL

         RPF prime neighbor: NULL

     Downstream interface(s) information:

     Total number of downstreams: 2

         1: Vlan-interface103

             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:02:19, Expires: -

         2: Vlan-interface102

             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:02:19, Expires: -

The output shows the following information:

·     Switches on the SPT path (Switch A and Switch D) have the correct (S, G) entries.

·     Switch A has a correct (*, G) entry.

IPv6 PIM-SM non-scoped zone configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 16:

·     OSPFv3 runs on the network.

·     VOD streams are sent to receiver hosts in multicast. The receivers of different subnets form stub networks, and a minimum of one receiver host exist in each stub network. The entire IPv6 PIM-SM domain contains only one BSR.

·     Host A and Host C are multicast receivers in the stub networks N1 and N2.

·     Specify VLAN-interface 102 on Switch E as a C-BSR and a C-RP. The C-RP is designated to the IPv6 multicast group range FF0E::101/64. Specify VLAN-interface101 of Switch D as the static RP on all the switches to back up the dynamic RP.

·     MLDv1 runs between Switch A and N1, and between Switch B, Switch C, and N2.

Figure 16 Network diagram

 

Table 3 Interface and IPv6 address assignment

Device

Interface

IPv6 address

Device

Interface

IPv6 address

Switch A

Vlan-int100

1001::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int300

4001::1/64

Switch A

Vlan-int101

1002::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int101

1002::2/64

Switch A

Vlan-int102

1003::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int105

4002::1/64

Switch B

Vlan-int200

2001::1/64

Switch E

Vlan-int104

3001::2/64

Switch B

Vlan-int103

2002::1/64

Switch E

Vlan-int103

2002::2/64

Switch C

Vlan-int200

2001::2/64

Switch E

Vlan-int102

1003::2/64

Switch C

Vlan-int104

3001::1/64

Switch E

Vlan-int105

4002::2/64

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Assign an IPv6 address and prefix length to each interface, as shown in Figure 16. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure OSPFv3 on all switches in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain. (Details not shown.)

3.     Enable IPv6 multicast routing, MLD, and IPv6 PIM-SM:

# On Switch A, enable IPv6 multicast routing.

<SwitchA> system-view

[SwitchA] ipv6 multicast routing

[SwitchA-mrib6] quit

# Enable MLD on VLAN-interface 100 (the interface that is connected to the stub network).

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 100

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] mld enable

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] quit

# Enable IPv6 PIM-SM on other interfaces.

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 101

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface101] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface101] quit

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 102

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface102] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface102] quit

# Enable IPv6 multicast routing, MLD, and IPv6 PIM-SM on Switch B and Switch C in the same way Switch A is configured. (Details not shown.)

# Enable IPv6 multicast routing and IPv6 PIM-SM on Switch D and Switch E in the same way Switch A is configured. (Details not shown.)

4.     Configure C-BSRs, C-RPs, and static RPs:

# On Switch E, configure the service scope of RP advertisements.

<SwitchE> system-view

[SwitchE] acl ipv6 basic 2005

[SwitchE-acl-ipv6-basic-2005] rule permit source ff0e::101 64

[SwitchE-acl-ipv6-basic-2005] quit

# Configure VLAN-interface 102 as a C-BSR and a C-RP, and configure VLAN-interface 101 of Switch D as the static RP.

[SwitchE] ipv6 pim

[SwitchE-pim6] c-bsr 1003::2

[SwitchE-pim6] c-rp 1003::2 group-policy 2005

[SwitchE-pim6] static-rp 1002::2

[SwitchE-pim6] quit

# On Switch A, configure VLAN-interface 101 of Switch D as a static RP.

[SwitchA] ipv6 pim

[SwitchA-pim6] static-rp 1002::2

[SwitchA-pim6] quit

# Configure a static RP on Switch B, Switch C, and Switch D in the same way Switch A is configured. (Details not shown.)

Verifying the configuration

# Display IPv6 PIM information on Switch A.

[SwitchA] display ipv6 pim interface

 Interface            NbrCnt HelloInt   DR-Pri    DR-Address

 Vlan100              0      30         1         FE80::A01:201:1

                                                  (local)

 Vlan101              1      30         1         FE80::A01:201:2

 Vlan102              1      30         1         FE80::A01:201:3

# Display BSR information on Switch A.

[SwitchA] display ipv6 pim bsr-info

 Scope: non-scoped

     State: Accept Preferred

     Bootstrap timer: 00:01:44

     Elected BSR address: 1003::2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 126

       Uptime: 00:11:18

# Display BSR information on Switch E.

[SwitchE] display ipv6 pim bsr-info

 Scope: non-scoped

     State: Elected

     Bootstrap timer: 00:01:44

     Elected BSR address: 1003::2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 126

       Uptime: 00:11:18

     Candidate BSR address: 1003::2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 126

# Display RP information on Switch A.

[SwitchA] display ipv6 pim rp-info

 BSR RP information:

   Scope: non-scoped

     Group/MaskLen: FF0E::101/64

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1003::2                  192       180       00:05:19  00:02:11

 

Static RP information:

       RP address               ACL   Mode    Preferred

       1002::2                  ----  pim-sm  No

IPv6 PIM-SM admin-scoped zone configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 17:

·     OSPFv3 runs on the network.

·     VOD streams are sent to receiver hosts in multicast. The entire IPv6 PIM-SM domain is divided into IPv6 admin-scoped zone 1, IPv6 admin-scoped zone 2, and the IPv6 global-scoped zone. Switch B, Switch C, and Switch D are ZBRs of the three zones, respectively.

·     Source 1 and Source 2 send different IPv6 multicast data to the IPv6 multicast group FF14::101. Host A receives the IPv6 multicast data only from Source 1, and Host B receives the IPv6 multicast data only from Source 2. Source 3 sends IPv6 multicast data to the IPv6 multicast group FF1E::202. Host C is an IPv6 multicast receiver for the IPv6 multicast group FF1E::202.

·     VLAN-interface 101 of Switch B acts as a C-BSR and a C-RP for IPv6 admin-scoped zone 1, and VLAN-interface 105 of Switch D acts as a C-BSR and a C-RP for IPv6 admin-scoped zone 2. Both of the two interfaces are designated to the IPv6 multicast groups with the scope field value of 4. VLAN-interface 109 of Switch F acts as a C-BSR and a C-RP for the IPv6 global-scoped zone, and it is designated to the IPv6 multicast groups with the scope field value of 14.

·     MLDv1 runs between Switch A, Switch E, Switch I, and the receivers that directly connect to them, respectively.

Figure 17 Network diagram

 

Table 4 Interface and IPv6 address assignment

Device

Interface

IPv6 address

Device

Interface

IPv6 address

Switch A

Vlan-int100

1001::1/64

Switch E

Vlan-int104

3002::2/64

Switch A

Vlan-int101

1002::1/64

Switch E

Vlan-int108

6001::2/64

Switch B

Vlan-int200

2001::1/64

Switch F

Vlan-int109

8001::1/64

Switch B

Vlan-int101

1002::2/64

Switch F

Vlan-int107

6002::2/64

Switch B

Vlan-int103

2002::1/64

Switch F

Vlan-int102

2003::2/64

Switch B

Vlan-int102

2003::1/64

Switch G

Vlan-int500

9001::1/64

Switch C

Vlan-int300

3001::1/64

Switch G

Vlan-int109

8001::2/64

Switch C

Vlan-int104

3002::1/64

Switch H

Vlan-int110

4001::1/64

Switch C

Vlan-int105

3003::1/64

Switch H

Vlan-int106

3004::2/64

Switch C

Vlan-int103

2002::2/64

Switch I

Vlan-int600

5001::1/64

Switch C

Vlan-int106

3004::1/64

Switch I

Vlan-int110

4001::2/64

Switch D

Vlan-int105

3003::2/64

Source 1

2001::100/64

Switch D

Vlan-int108

6001::1/64

Source 2

3001::100/64

Switch D

Vlan-int107

6002::1/64

Source 3

9001::100/64

Switch E

Vlan-int400

7001::1/64

 

 

 

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Assign an IPv6 address and prefix length to each interface, as shown in Figure 17. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure OSPFv3 on all switches in the IPv6 PIM-SM domain. (Details not shown.)

3.     Enable IPv6 multicast routing, MLD, and IPv6 PIM-SM:

# On Switch A, enable IPv6 multicast routing.

<SwitchA> system-view

[SwitchA] ipv6 multicast routing

[SwitchA-mrib6] quit

# Enable MLD on the receiver-side interface (VLAN-interface 100).

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 100

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] mld enable

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] quit

# Enable IPv6 PIM-SM on VLAN-interface 101.

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 101

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface101] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface101] quit

# Enable IPv6 multicast routing, MLD, and IPv6 PIM-SM on Switch E and Switch I in the same way Switch A is configured. (Details not shown.)

# On Switch B, enable IPv6 multicast routing, and enable IPv6 PIM-SM on each interface.

<SwitchB> system-view

[SwitchB] ipv6 multicast routing

[SwitchB-mrib6] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 200

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface200] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface200] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 101

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface101] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface101] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 102

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface102] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface102] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 103

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface103] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface103] quit

# Enable IPv6 multicast routing and IPv6 PIM-SM on Switch C, Switch D, Switch F, Switch G, and Switch H in the same way Switch B is configured. (Details not shown.)

4.     Configure IPv6 admin-scoped zone boundaries:

# On Switch B, configure VLAN-interface 102 and VLAN-interface 103 as the boundaries of IPv6 admin-scoped zone 1.

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 102

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface102] ipv6 multicast boundary scope 4

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface102] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 103

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface103] ipv6 multicast boundary scope 4

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface103] quit

# On Switch C, configure VLAN-interface 103 and VLAN-interface 106 as the boundaries of IPv6 admin-scoped zone 2.

<SwitchC> system-view

[SwitchC] interface vlan-interface 103

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface103] ipv6 multicast boundary scope 4

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface103] quit

[SwitchC] interface vlan-interface 106

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface106] ipv6 multicast boundary scope 4

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface106] quit

# On Switch D, configure VLAN-interface 107 as the boundary of IPv6 admin-scoped zone 2.

<SwitchD> system-view

[SwitchD] interface vlan-interface 107

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface107] ipv6 multicast boundary scope 4

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface107] quit

5.     Configure C-BSRs and C-RPs:

# On Switch B, configure VLAN-interface 101 as a C-BSR and a C-RP for IPv6 admin-scoped zone 1.

[SwitchB] ipv6 pim

[SwitchB-pim6] c-bsr 1002::2 scope 4

[SwitchB-pim6] c-rp 1002::2 scope 4

[SwitchB-pim6] quit

# On Switch D, configure VLAN-interface 105 as a C-BSR and a C-RP for IPv6 admin-scoped zone 2.

[SwitchD] ipv6 pim

[SwitchD-pim6] c-bsr 3003::2 scope 4

[SwitchD-pim6] c-rp 3003::2 scope 4

[SwitchD-pim6] quit

# On Switch F, configure VLAN-interface 109 as a C-BSR and a C-RP for the IPv6 global-scoped zone.

<SwitchF> system-view

[SwitchF] ipv6 pim

[SwitchF-pim6] c-bsr 8001::1

[SwitchF-pim6] c-rp 8001::1

[SwitchF-pim6] quit

Verifying the configuration

# Display BSR information on Switch B.

[SwitchB] display ipv6 pim bsr-info

 Scope: non-scoped

     State: Accept Preferred

     Bootstrap timer: 00:01:25

     Elected BSR address: 8001::1

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 126

       Uptime: 00:01:45

 

 Scope: 4

     State: Elected

     Bootstrap timer: 00:00:06

     Elected BSR address: 1002::2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 126

       Uptime: 00:04:54

     Candidate BSR address: 1002::2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 126

# Display BSR information on Switch D.

[SwitchD] display ipv6 pim bsr-info

 Scope: non-scoped

     State: Accept Preferred

     Bootstrap timer: 00:01:25

     Elected BSR address: 8001::1

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 126

       Uptime: 00:01:45

 

 Scope: 4

     State: Elected

     Bootstrap timer: 00:01:25

     Elected BSR address: 3003::2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 126

       Uptime: 00:01:45

     Candidate BSR address: 3003::2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 126

# Display BSR information on Switch F.

[SwitchF] display ipv6 pim bsr-info

 Scope: non-scoped

     State: Elected

     Bootstrap timer: 00:00:49

     Elected BSR address: 8001::1

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 126

       Uptime: 00:01:11

     Candidate BSR address: 8001::1

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 126

# Display RP information on Switch B.

[SwitchB] display ipv6 pim rp-info

 BSR RP information:

 Scope: non-scoped

     Group/MaskLen: FF00::/8

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       8001::1                  192       180       00:01:14  00:02:46

   Scope: 4

     Group/MaskLen: FF04::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FF14::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FF24::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FF34::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FF44::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FF54::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FF64::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FF74::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FF84::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FF94::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FFA4::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FFB4::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FFC4::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FFD4::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FFE4::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FFF4::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

     Group/MaskLen: FF04::/16

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       1002::2 (local)          192       180       00:02:03  00:02:56

# Display RP information on Switch F.

[SwitchF] display ipv6 pim rp-info

 BSR RP information:

   Scope: non-scoped

     Group/MaskLen: FF00::/8

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       8001::1 (local)          192       180       00:10:28  00:02:31

IPv6 BIDIR-PIM configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 18:

·     OSPFv3 runs on the network.

·     VOD streams are sent to receiver hosts in IPv6 multicast.

·     Source 1 and Source 2 send IPv6 multicast data to IPv6 multicast group FF14::101.

·     Host A and Host B are receivers of this IPv6 multicast group.

·     VLAN-interface 102 of Switch C acts as a C-BSR. Loopback 0 of Router C acts as the C-RP.

·     MLDv1 runs between Switch B and Host A, and between Switch D and Host B.

Figure 18 Network diagram

 

Table 5 Interface and IPv6 address assignment

Device

Interface

IPv6 address

Device

Interface

IPv6 address

Switch A

Vlan-int100

1001::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int300

4001::1/64

Switch A

Vlan-int101

1002::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int400

5001::1/64

Switch B

Vlan-int200

2001::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int103

3001::2/64

Switch B

Vlan-int101

1002::2/64

Source 1

1001::2/64

Switch B

Vlan-int102

2002::1/64

Source 2

5001::2/64

Switch C

Vlan-int102

2002::2/64

Receiver 1

2001::2/64

Switch C

Vlan-int103

3001::1/64

Receiver 2

4001::2/64

Switch C

Loop0

6001::1/128

 

 

 

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Assign an IPv6 address and prefix length to each interface, as shown in Figure 18. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure OSPFv3 on the switches in the IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain. (Details not shown.)

3.     Enable IPv6 multicast routing, IPv6 PIM-SM, IPv6 BIDIR-PIM, and MLD:

# On Switch A, enable IPv6 multicast routing, enable IPv6 PIM-SM on each interface, and enable IPv6 BIDIR-PIM.

<SwitchA> system-view

[SwitchA] ipv6 multicast routing

[SwitchA-mrib6] quit

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 100

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] quit

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 101

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface101] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface101] quit

[SwitchA] ipv6 pim

[SwitchA-pim6] bidir-pim enable

[SwitchA-pim6] quit

# On Switch B, enable IPv6 multicast routing.

<SwitchB> system-view

[SwitchB] ipv6 multicast routing

[SwitchB-mrib6] quit

# Enable MLD on the receiver-side interface (VLAN-interface 200).

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 200

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface200] mld enable

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface200] quit

# Enable IPv6 PIM-SM on the other interfaces.

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 101

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface101] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface101] quit

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 102

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface102] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchB-Vlan-interface102] quit

# Enable IPv6 BIDIR-PIM.

[SwitchB] ipv6 pim

[SwitchB-pim6] bidir-pim enable

[SwitchB-pim6] quit

# On Switch C, enable IPv6 multicast routing, enable IPv6 PIM-SM on each interface, and enable IPv6 BIDIR-PIM.

<SwitchC> system-view

[SwitchC] ipv6 multicast routing

[SwitchC-mrib6] quit

[SwitchC] interface vlan-interface 102

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface102] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface102] quit

[SwitchC] interface vlan-interface 103

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface103] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchC-Vlan-interface103] quit

[SwitchC] interface loopback 0

[SwitchC-LoopBack0] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchC-LoopBack0] quit

[SwitchC] ipv6 pim

[SwitchC-pim6] bidir-pim enable

# On Switch D, enable IPv6 multicast routing.

<SwitchD> system-view

[SwitchD] ipv6 multicast routing

[SwitchD-mrib6] quit

# Enable MLD on the receiver-side interface (VLAN-interface 300).

[SwitchD] interface vlan-interface 300

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface300] mld enable

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface300] quit

# Enable IPv6 PIM-SM on the other interfaces.

[SwitchD] interface vlan-interface 400

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface400] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface400] quit

# Enable IPv6 BIDIR-PIM.

[SwitchD] interface vlan-interface 103

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface103] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchD-Vlan-interface103] quit

[SwitchD] ipv6 pim

[SwitchD-pim6] bidir-pim enable

[SwitchD-pim6] quit

4.     On Switch C, configure VLAN interface 102 as a C-BSR, and loopback interface 0 as a C-RP for the entire IPv6 BIDIR-PIM domain.

[SwitchC-pim6] c-bsr 2002::2

[SwitchC-pim6] c-rp 6001::1 bidir

[SwitchC-pim6] quit

Verifying the configuration

1.     Display IPv6 BIDIR-PIM DF information:

# Display IPv6 BIDIR-PIM DF information on Switch A.

[SwitchA] display ipv6 pim df-info

 RP address: 6001::1

  Interface           State   DF-Pref    DF-Metric  DF-Uptime DF-Address

  Vlan100             Win     100        2          01:08:50  FE80::200:5EFF:

                                                              FE71:2800 (local)

  Vlan101             Lose    100        1          01:07:49  FE80::20F:E2FF:

                                                              FE38:4E01

# Display IPv6 BIDIR-PIM DF information on Switch B.

[SwitchB] display ipv6 pim df-info

 RP address: 6001::1

  Interface           State   DF-Pref    DF-Metric  DF-Uptime DF-Address

  Vlan200             Win     100        1          01:24:09  FE80::200:5EFF:

                                                              FE71:2801 (local)

  Vlan101             Win     100        1          01:24:09  FE80::20F:E2FF:

                                                              FE38:4E01 (local)

  Vlan102             Lose    0          0          01:23:12  FE80::20F:E2FF:

                                                              FE15:5601

# Display IPv6 BIDIR-PIM DF information on Switch C.

[SwitchC] display ipv6 pim df-info

 RP address: 6001::1

  Interface           State   DF-Pref    DF-Metric  DF-Uptime DF-Address

  Loop0               -       -          -          -         -

  Vlan102             Win     0          0          01:06:07  FE80::20F:E2FF:

                                                              FE15:5601 (local)

  Vlan103             Win     0          0          01:06:07  FE80::20F:E2FF:

                                                              FE15:5602 (local)

# Display IPv6 BIDIR-PIM DF information on Switch D.

[SwitchD] display ipv6 pim df-info

 RP address: 6001::1

  Interface           State   DF-Pref    DF-Metric  DF-Uptime DF-Address

  Vlan300             Win     100        1          01:19:53  FE80::200:5EFF:

                                                              FE71:2803 (local)

  Vlan400             Win     100        1          00:39:34  FE80::200:5EFF:

                                                              FE71:2802 (local)

  Vlan103             Lose    0          0          01:21:40  FE80::20F:E2FF:

                                                              FE15:5602

2.     Display information about DFs for IPv6 multicast forwarding:

# Display information about DFs for IPv6 multicast forwarding on Switch A.

[SwitchA] display ipv6 multicast forwarding df-info

Total 1 RP, 1 matched

 

00001. RP address: 6001::1

     Flags: 0x0

     Uptime: 00:08:32

     RPF interface: Vlan-interface101

     List of 1 DF interfaces:

       1: Vlan-interface100

# Display information about DFs for IPv6 multicast forwarding on Switch B.

[SwitchB] display ipv6 multicast forwarding df-info

Total 1 RP, 1 matched

 

00001. RP address: 6001::1

     Flags: 0x0

     Uptime: 00:06:24

     RPF interface: Vlan-interface102

     List of 2 DF interfaces:

       1: Vlan-interface101

       2: Vlan-interface200

# Display information about DFs for IPv6 multicast forwarding on Switch C.

[SwitchC] display ipv6 multicast forwarding df-info

Total 1 RP, 1 matched

 

00001. RP address: 6001::1

     Flags: 0x0

     Uptime: 00:07:21

     RPF interface: LoopBack0

     List of 2 DF interfaces:

       1: Vlan-interface102

       2: Vlan-interface103

# Display information about DFs for IPv6 multicast forwarding on Switch D.

[SwitchD] display ipv6 multicast forwarding df-info

Total 1 RP, 1 matched

 

00001. RP address: 6001::1

     Flags: 0x0

     Uptime: 00:05:12

     RPF interface: Vlan-interface103

     List of 2 DF interfaces:

       1: Vlan-interface300

       2: Vlan-interface400

IPv6 PIM-SSM configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 19:

·     OSPFv3 runs on the network.

·     Receivers receive VOD information through multicast. The receiver groups of different organizations form stub networks, and one or more receiver hosts exist in each stub network. The entire IPv6 PIM domain operates in the SSM mode.

·     Host A and Host C are IPv6 multicast receivers on two stub networks N1 and N2.

·     The SSM group range is FF3E::/64.

·     MLDv2 runs between Switch A and N1, and between Switch B, Switch C, and N2.

Figure 19 Network diagram

 

Table 6 Interface and IPv6 address assignment

Device

Interface

IPv6 address

Device

Interface

IPv6 address

Switch A

Vlan-int100

1001::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int300

4001::1/64

Switch A

Vlan-int101

1002::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int101

1002::2/64

Switch A

Vlan-int102

1003::1/64

Switch D

Vlan-int105

4002::1/64

Switch B

Vlan-int200

2001::1/64

Switch E

Vlan-int104

3001::2/64

Switch B

Vlan-int103

2002::1/64

Switch E

Vlan-int103

2002::2/64

Switch C

Vlan-int200

2001::2/64

Switch E

Vlan-int102

1003::2/64

Switch C

Vlan-int104

3001::1/64

Switch E

Vlan-int105

4002::2/64

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Assign an IPv6 address and prefix length to each interface, as shown in Figure 19. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure OSPFv3 on the switches in the IPv6 PIM-SSM domain. (Details not shown.)

3.     Enable IPv6 multicast routing, MLD, and IPv6 PIM-SM:

# On Switch A, enable IPv6 multicast routing.

<SwitchA> system-view

[SwitchA] ipv6 multicast routing

[SwitchA-mrib6] quit

# Enable MLDv2 on VLAN-interface 100 (the interface that connects to the stub network).

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 100

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] mld enable

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] mld version 2

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface100] quit

# Enable IPv6 PIM-SM on the other interfaces.

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 101

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface101] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface101] quit

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 102

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface102] ipv6 pim sm

[SwitchA-Vlan-interface102] quit

# Enable IPv6 multicast routing, MLD, and IPv6 PIM-SM on Switch B and Switch C in the same way Switch A is configured. (Details not shown.)

# Enable IPv6 multicast routing and IPv6 PIM-SM on Switch D and Switch E in the same way Switch A is configured. (Details not shown.)

4.     Configure the IPv6 SSM group range FF3E::/64 on Switch A.

[SwitchA] acl ipv6 basic 2000

[SwitchA-acl-ipv6-basic-2000] rule permit source ff3e:: 64

[SwitchA-acl-ipv6-basic-2000] quit

[SwitchA] ipv6 pim

[SwitchA-pim6] ssm-policy 2000

[SwitchA-pim6] quit

5.     Configure the IPv6 SSM group range on Switch B, Switch C, Switch D, and Switch E in the same way Switch B is configured. (Details not shown.)

Verifying the configuration

# Display IPv6 PIM information on Switch A.

[SwitchA] display ipv6 pim interface

 Interface             NbrCnt HelloInt   DR-Pri   DR-Address

 Vlan100               0      30         1        FE80::A01:201:1

                                                  (local)

 Vlan101               1      30         1        FE80::A01:201:2

 Vlan102               1      30         1        FE80::A01:201:3

# Send an MLDv2 report from Host A to join the IPv6 multicast source and group (4001::100/64, FF3E::101). (Details not shown.)

# Display IPv6 PIM multicast routing table information on Switch A.

[SwitchA] display ipv6 pim routing-table

 Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry

 

 (4001::100, FF3E::101)

     Protocol: pim-ssm, Flag:

     UpTime: 00:00:11

     Upstream interface: Vlan-interface101

         Upstream neighbor: 1002::2

         RPF prime neighbor: 1002::2

     Downstream interface(s) information:

     Total number of downstreams: 1

         1: Vlan-interface100

             Protocol: mld, UpTime: 00:00:11, Expires: 00:03:25

# Display IPv6 PIM multicast routing table information on Switch B.

[SwitchD] display ipv6 pim routing-table

 Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry 

 

 (4001::100, FF3E::101)

     Protocol: pim-ssm, Flag: LOC

     UpTime: 00:08:02

     Upstream interface: Vlan-interface300

         Upstream neighbor: NULL

         RPF prime neighbor: NULL

     Downstream interface(s) information:

     Total number of downstreams: 1

         1: Vlan-interface105

             Protocol: pim-ssm, UpTime: 00:08:02, Expires: 00:03:25

The output shows that switches on the SPT path (Switch A and Switch D) have generated the correct (S, G) entries.

Troubleshooting IPv6 PIM

A multicast distribution tree cannot be correctly built

Symptom

No IPv6 multicast forwarding entries are established on the routers (including routers directly connected with multicast sources or receivers) in an IPv6 PIM network. This means that an IPv6 multicast distribution tree cannot be correctly built.

Solution

To resolve the problem:

1.     Use display ipv6 routing-table to verify that an IPv6 unicast route to the IPv6 multicast source or the RP is available.

2.     Use display ipv6 pim interface to verify IPv6 PIM information on each interface, especially on the RPF interface. If IPv6 PIM is not enabled on the interfaces, use ipv6 pim dm or ipv6 pim sm to enable IPv6 PIM-DM or IPv6 PIM-SM for the interfaces.

3.     Use display ipv6 pim neighbor to verify that the RPF neighbor is an IPv6 PIM neighbor.

4.     Verify that IPv6 PIM and MLD are enabled on the interfaces that directly connect to the IPv6 multicast sources or the receivers.

5.     Use display ipv6 pim interface verbose to verify that the same IPv6 PIM mode is enabled on the RPF interface on a router and the connected interface of the router's RPF neighbor.

6.     Use display current-configuration to verify that the same IPv6 PIM mode is enabled on all routers on the network. For IPv6 PIM-SM, verify that the BSR and C-RPs are correctly configured.

7.     If the problem persists, contact H3C Support.

IPv6 multicast data is abnormally terminated on an intermediate router

Symptom

An intermediate router can receive IPv6 multicast data successfully, but the data cannot reach the last-hop router. An interface on the intermediate router receives IPv6 multicast data but does not create an (S, G) entry in the IPv6 PIM routing table.

Solution

To resolve the problem:

1.     Use display current-configuration to verify the IPv6 multicast forwarding boundary settings. Use ipv6 multicast boundary to change the multicast forwarding boundary settings to make the IPv6 multicast packet able to cross the boundary.

2.     Use display current-configuration to verify the IPv6 multicast source policy. Change the ACL rule defined in the source-policy command so that the source/group address of the IPv6 multicast data can pass ACL filtering.

3.     If the problem persists, contact H3C Support.

An RP cannot join an SPT in IPv6 PIM-SM

Symptom

An RPT cannot be correctly built, or an RP cannot join the SPT toward the IPv6 multicast source.

Solution

To resolve the problem:

1.     Use display ipv6 routing-table to verify that an IPv6 unicast route to the RP is available on each router.

2.     Use display ipv6 pim rp-info to verify that the dynamic RP information is consistent on all routers.

3.     Use display ipv6 pim rp-info to verify that the same static RPs are configured on all routers on the network.

4.     If the problem persists, contact H3C Support.

An RPT cannot be built or IPv6 multicast source registration fails in IPv6 PIM-SM

Symptom

The C-RPs cannot unicast advertisement messages to the BSR. The BSR does not advertise BSMs containing C-RP information and has no IPv6 unicast route to any C-RP. An RPT cannot be correctly established, or the source-side DR cannot register the IPv6 multicast source with the RP.

Solution

To resolve the problem:

1.     Use display ipv6 routing-table on each router to view routing table information. Verify that IPv6 unicast routes to the C-RPs and the BSR are available on each router and that a route is available between each C-RP and the BSR.

2.     Use display ipv6 pim bsr-info to verify that the BSR information exists on each router.

3.     Use display ipv6 pim rp-info to verify that the RP information is correct on each router.

4.     Use display ipv6 pim neighbor to verify that IPv6 PIM neighboring relationship has been correctly established among the routers.

5.     If the problem persists, contact H3C Support.

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