Contents

Configuring Bonjour gateway· 1

About Bonjour gateway· 1

Benefits· 1

Bonjour service advertisement snooping and caching· 1

Bonjour query snooping and responding· 2

Restrictions and guidelines: Bonjour gateway configuration· 2

Bonjour gateway tasks at a glance· 2

Enabling Bonjour gateway· 3

Creating a Bonjour service type· 3

Activating a Bonjour service type· 4

Specifying a Bonjour service mode· 5

Configuring a Bonjour policy· 5

Applying a Bonjour policy· 6

Setting the threshold to start sending multicast responses· 7

Enabling active query for Bonjour services· 7

Display and maintenance commands for Bonjour gateway· 8

Bonjour gateway configuration examples· 8

Example: Configuring Bonjour gateway· 8

 

Configuring Bonjour gateway

About Bonjour gateway

Bonjour is a set of zero configuration network protocols developed by Apple Inc. based on Multicast DNS (mDNS) services. Bonjour is designed to make network configuration easier for users. It enables service devices to automatically advertise service information and enables clients to automatically discover service devices without obtaining information about the devices.

However, Bonjour supports only link-local multicast addresses. To address this issue, the AC can act as a Bonjour gateway to manage clients and service devices and forward mDNS packets across VLANs. This enables Bonjour to be applied in large-scale networks.

Benefits

Bonjour gateway provides the following benefits through the snooping and caching of Bonjour service advertisements and the snooping and responding of Bonjour queries:

·     mDNS traffic control.

·     Inter-VLAN forwarding of mDNS packets.

Bonjour service advertisement snooping and caching

As shown in the following figure, Bonjour service advertisement snooping operates as follows:

1.     Apple TV and Printer send service advertisements to advertise their service information.

2.     Upon receiving the service advertisements, the Bonjour gateway caches them.

3.     iPad requests the service of Apple TV or Printer.

4.     The Bonjour gateway sends a response to iPad because the requested service is in the Bonjour cache.

Figure 1 Bonjour service advertisement snooping and caching

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Bonjour query snooping and responding

As shown in the following figure, the Bonjour gateway performs the Bonjour query snooping and responding operation by using the following process if the service query it receives is not in the Bonjour cache:

5.     Upon receiving a query for the printing service from a client (iPad in the figure), the AP sends the query to the Bonjour gateway (AC) through the CAPWAP tunnel.

6.     The Bonjour gateway forwards the query to the configured service VLANs because it does not find a printing service entry in the Bonjour cache.

7.     Upon receiving the query, the printer sends a response to the Bonjour gateway upon receiving the query.

8.     The Bonjour gateway caches the response and forwards it to iPad.

Figure 2 Bonjour query snooping and responding

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Restrictions and guidelines: Bonjour gateway configuration

Bonjour gateway does not support the local forwarding mode and AC hierarchy.

You can configure APs by using the following methods:

·     Configure APs one by one in AP view.

·     Assign APs to an AP group and configure the AP group in AP group view.

·     Configure all APs in global configuration view.

For an AP, the settings made in these views for the same parameter take effect in descending order of AP view, AP group view, and global configuration view.

Bonjour gateway tasks at a glance

To configure Bonjour gateway, perform the following tasks:

·     Enabling Bonjour gateway

·     (Optional.) Creating a Bonjour service type

·     (Optional.) Activating a Bonjour service type

·     (Optional.) Specifying a Bonjour service mode

·     Configuring a Bonjour policy

·     Applying a Bonjour policy

·     (Optional.) Setting the threshold to start sending multicast responses

·     (Optional.) Enabling active query for Bonjour services

Enabling Bonjour gateway

Restrictions and guidelines

Bonjour gateway takes effect only when you enable it both globally and for an AP or AP group or both globally and for an interface.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable Bonjour gateway globally.

bonjour global enable

By default, Bonjour gateway is disabled globally.

3.     Enter AP view, AP group view, or interface view.

¡     Enter AP view.

wlan ap ap-name

¡     Enter AP group view.

wlan ap-group group-name

¡     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

4.     Enable Bonjour gateway.

bonjour enable

By default:

¡     In AP view, an AP uses the configuration in AP group view.

¡     In AP group view, Bonjour gateway is enabled.

¡     In interface view, Bonjour gateway is enabled.

Creating a Bonjour service type

About this task

To create a Bonjour service type, you must specify the UDP or TCP protocol and specify a description for the service type. Table 1 lists the default service types by their names and service type strings. The default service types cannot be modified for deleted.

Table 1 Apple Bonjour protocols and service type strings

Name	Service type strings
afpovertcp	AppleTalkFiling Protocol
airplay	Airplay
airport	Airport Base Station
apple-sasl	Apple Password Server
daap	Digital Audio Access Protocol
dacp	Digital Audio Control Protocol
distcc	Distributed Compiler
dpap	Digital Photo Access Protocol
eppc	Remote AppleEvents
ftp	File Transfer Protocol
http	Hypertext Transfer Protocol
ica-networking	Image Capture Sharing
ichat	iChat Instant Messaging Protocol
ipp	Internet Printing Protocol over HTTP
ipps	Internet Printing Protocol over HTTPS
nfs	Network File System
pdl-stream	PDL Data Stream
printer	Line Printer Daemon
raop	Remote Audio Output Protocol
riousbprint	Remote I/O USB Printer Protocol
servermgr	Server Admin
ssh	Secure Shell
telnet	Remote Login
webdav	WebDav File System
workstation	Workgroup Manager
xserveraid	Xerver RAID

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Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Create a Bonjour service type.

bonjour service type user-defined-service-type { tcp | udp } description text

Activating a Bonjour service type

About this task

After you activate a Bonjour service type, the Bonjour gateway sends a query for each service of the service type if Bonjour gateway is enabled globally.

When you activate a Bonjour service type, you can specify the maximum number of service entries for the service type. If you do not specify this limit, the number of service entries for the service type is not limited.

When you deactivate a Bonjour service type, all service entries of the service type are removed.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Activate a Bonjour service type.

bonjour activate service type { pre-defined-service-type | user-define user-defined-service-type } [ max-entry-count count-value ]

By default:

¡     If the Bonjour gateway operates in custom service mode, no service type is activated.

¡     If the Bonjour gateway operates in typical mode, only the airplay, ipp, ipps, printer, and raop service types are activated.

By default, the number of service entries for each service type is not limited.

Specifying a Bonjour service mode

About this task

You can configure the Bonjour gateway to operate in the following modes:

·     Typical—Only the airplay, ipp, ipps, printer, and raop service types are activated, and no limit is set for the number of service entries for each service type. In this mode, you cannot manually activate or deactivate a service type.

·     Custom—No service type is activated by default. You can manually activate or deactivate any service types.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Specify a Bonjour service mode.

bonjour service-mode { custom | typical }

By default, the typical service mode is used.

Configuring a Bonjour policy

About this task

You can apply a Bonjour policy to a user profile, AP, AP group, or service template to manage the service types and service VLANs.

If you configure the type of service that can be discovered by clients, the Bonjour gateway forwards queries and service advertisements based on the following rules:

·     For a query, if the service type in the query does not match the specified service type, the Bonjour gateway discards the query.

·     For a service advertisement, the Bonjour gateway forwards it only when it matches all the configured options.

If you specify a service VLAN list, the Bonjour gateway forwards queries and service advertisements only to the VLANs in the list.

Restrictions and guidelines

If a service uses multiple protocols, you must configure multiple service types on the Bonjour gateway to enable the Bonjour gateway to forward queries for the service. For example, you must configure both the ipp and ipps service types for the airprint service.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Create a Bonjour policy and enter Bonjour policy view.

bonjour policy policy-name

3.     Configure the type of service that can be discovered by clients.

service type { pre-defined-service-type | user-defined user-defined-service-type } [ ip ipv4-address | ipv6 ipv6-address | instance instance-name ]

By default, no service type is configured. Clients can discover all services.

4.     Specify the VLANs to which the Bonjour gateway can forward queries and responses.

service vlan vlan-id-list [ access-vlan ]

By default, no service VLAN list is specified.

To enable the Bonjour gateway to forward queries and responses to the VLANs to which the clients belong, specify the access-vlan keyword.

Applying a Bonjour policy

About this task

You can apply a Bonjour policy to an AP, an AP group, a service template, an interface, or a user profile. If you apply different Bonjour policies in different views, all Bonjour policies take effect.

Assume that you perform the following tasks:

·     Apply Bonjour policy A to the AP ap1 to allow the Bonjour gateway to forward queries and responses to VLAN A.

·     Apply Bonjour policy B to the service template with the SSID service to allow the Bonjour gateway to forward queries and responses to VLAN B.

When a client is associated with the AP ap1 through the SSID service, the Bonjour gateway forwards the queries and responses it receives to both VLAN A and VLAN B.

Restrictions and guidelines

If a client re-accesses the WLAN through a new service template or AP immediately after the client disconnects from the WLAN, the client still uses the Bonjour policy for the original service template or AP within a specific time period. The new Bonjour policy takes effect only when the client is restarted.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter AP view, AP group view, service template view, user profile view, or interface view.

¡     Enter AP view.

wlan ap ap-name

¡     Enter AP group view.

wlan ap-group group-name

¡     Enter service template view.

wlan service-template service-template-name

¡     Enter user profile view.

user-profile profile-name

¡     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Apply a Bonjour policy.

bonjour apply policy policy-name

By default:

¡     In AP view, an AP uses the configuration in AP group view.

¡     In AP group view, no Bonjour policy is applied.

¡     In service template view, no Bonjour policy is applied.

¡     In user profile view, no Bonjour policy is applied.

¡     In interface view, no Bonjour policy is applied.

Setting the threshold to start sending multicast responses

About this task

Perform this task to set the threshold for the Bonjour gateway to start sending multicast instead of unicast responses to clients to increase network resource efficiency.

The Bonjour gateway sends one multicast response instead of multiple unicast responses to clients when the following conditions are met:

·     The clients associated with the same BSS request the same service.

·     The number of the previously mentioned clients reaches the threshold within 10 seconds.

Restrictions and guidelines

As a best practice, set a small threshold (the default value 10, for example) when audio or video services are used.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Set the threshold to start sending multicast responses.

bonjour stop-m2u threshold threshold-number

By default, the threshold to start sending multicast responses is 10.

Enabling active query for Bonjour services

About this task

The Bonjour gateway updates its Bonjour cache through passive query or active query:

·     Passive query—The Bonjour gateway sends a query for a Bonjour service at 80% to 82% of the TTL of the Bonjour service. If no response is received, the Bonjour gateway sends queries for the Bonjour service at 85% to 87%, 90% to 92%, and 95% to 97% of this TTL. If no response is received within the TTL, the Bonjour gateway deletes the entry for the service. Passive query is enabled by default. To view the TTL of a service, use the display bonjour-service command.

·     Active query—The Bonjour gateway sends queries for an active Bonjour service at the specified intervals and updates the service entry based on the responses. If no response is received within the TTL of the Bonjour service, the Bonjour gateway deletes the entry for the service.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable active query for Bonjour services.

bonjour query

By default, active query for Bonjour services is disabled.

3.     (Optional.) Set the interval at which the Bonjour gateway sends queries for a service.

bonjour query interval interval-number

By default, the Bonjour gateway sends queries for a service every 15 minutes.

Display and maintenance commands for Bonjour gateway

Execute display commands in any view and the reset command in system view.

 

Task	Command
Display activated Bonjour service types.	display bonjour active-service-type
Display Bonjour policy information.	display bonjour policy [ policy-name ]
Display information about Bonjour services discovered by the Bonjour gateway.	display bonjour service
Clear Bonjour service information.	reset bonjour service { type { pre-defined-service-type | user-defined user-defined-service-type } [ instance instance-name ] | all }

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Bonjour gateway configuration examples

The AP models and serial numbers in this document are used only as examples. Support for AP models and serial numbers depends on the AC model.

Example: Configuring Bonjour gateway

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 3, Apple TV, Printer, iPad 1, and iPad 2 associate with the AP through service templates with SSIDs apple_tv, printer, student, and teacher, respectively. Apple TV, Printer, iPad 1, and iPad 2 belong to VLANs 3, 4, 10, and 20, respectively.

Configure Bonjour gateway to ensure that iPad 2 can request the services of both Apple TV and Printer and that iPad 1 can only request the service of Printer.

Figure 3 Network diagram

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Procedure

1.     Configure the DHCP server to assign IP addresses to clients and specify the IP address of the AC as the gateway IP address. (Details not shown.)

 

	NOTE: You must specify a DNS server address on the DHCP server because of iOS restrictions.

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2.     Configure wireless services on the AC.

# Create a service template named student, set the SSID to student, and bind the service template to VLAN 10.

<AC> system-view

[AC] wlan service-template student

[AC-wlan-st-student] ssid student

[AC-wlan-st-student] vlan 10

[AC-wlan-st-student] service-template enable

[AC-wlan-st-student] quit

# Create a service template named teacher, set the SSID to teacher, and bind the service template to VLAN 20.

[AC] wlan service-template teacher

[AC-wlan-st-teacher] ssid teacher

[AC-wlan-st-teacher] vlan 20

[AC-wlan-st-teacher] service-template enable

[AC-wlan-st-teacher] quit

# Create a service template named apple_tv, set the SSID to apple_tv, and bind the service template to VLAN 3.

[AC] wlan service-template apple_tv

[AC-wlan-st-apple_tv] ssid apple_tv

[AC-wlan-st-apple_tv] vlan 3

[AC-wlan-st-apple_tv] service-template enable

[AC-wlan-st-apple_tv] quit

# Create a service template named printer, set the SSID to printer, and bind the service template to VLAN 4.

[AC] wlan service-template printer

[AC-wlan-st-printer] ssid printer

[AC-wlan-st-printer] vlan 4

[AC-wlan-st-printer] service-template enable

[AC-wlan-st-printer] quit

# Create AP ap1 and bind service templates to radios of the AP.

[AC] wlan ap ap1 model WA5320

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1] serial-id 219801A0YD8166E00012

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1] radio 1

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1-radio-1] service-template student

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1-radio-1] service-template teacher

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1-radio-1] service-template apple_tv

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1-radio-1] service-template printer

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1-radio-1] quit

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1] radio 2

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1-radio-2] service-template student

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1-radio-2] service-template teacher

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1-radio-2] service-template apple_tv

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1-radio-2] service-template printer

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1-radio-2] quit

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1] quit

3.     Configure Bonjour gateway:

# Configure the Bonjour gateway to operate in custom service mode.

[AC] bonjour service-mode custom

# Activate the airplay, raop, and printer service types.

[AC] bonjour activate service type airplay

[AC] bonjour activate service type raop

[AC] bonjour activate service type printer

 

	NOTE: To use the service of Apple TV, you must activate the airplay and raop service types because of iOS restrictions.

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# Enable Bonjour gateway globally.

[AC] bonjour global enable

# Enable Bonjour gateway for AP ap1.

[AC] wlan ap ap1

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1] bonjour enable

[AC-wlan-ap-ap1] quit

# Create Bonjour policy teacher to allow clients coming online through SSID teacher to request services in VLAN 3 and VLAN 4.

[AC] bonjour policy teacher

[AC-bp-teacher] service vlan 3 4

[AC-bp-teacher] quit

# Create Bonjour policy student to allow clients coming online through SSID student to request services in VLAN 4.

[AC] bonjour policy student

[AC-bp-student] service vlan 4

[AC-bp-student] quit

# Apply Bonjour policy student to the service template with SSID student.

[AC] wlan service-template student

[AC-wlan-st-student] ssid student

[AC-wlan-st-student] bonjour apply policy student

[AC-wlan-st-student] quit

# Apply Bonjour policy teacher to the service template with SSID teacher.

[AC] wlan service-template teacher

[AC-wlan-st-teacher] ssid teacher

[AC-wlan-st-teacher] bonjour apply policy teacher

[AC-wlan-st-teacher] quit

Verifying the configuration

# Verify that the AC can discover the services of both Apple TV and Printer. (Details not shown.)

[AC] display bonjour service

Instance name          Service type     Protocol VLAN TTL          IP

Apple TV               airplay          TCP      3    120          192.168.0.15

Apple TV               raop             TCP      3    120          192.168.0.15

Printer                printer          TCP      4    6000         192.168.0.65

 

Total number of discarded query packets:0

Total number of discarded response packets:0

Total number of bonjour services: 3