The information center on the device receives logs generated by source modules and outputs logs to different destinations according to log output rules. Based on the logs, you can monitor device performance and troubleshoot network problems.

Figure 1 Information center diagram

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Log types

Logs are classified into the following types:

· Standard system logs—Record common system information. Unless otherwise specified, the term "logs" in this document refers to standard system logs.

· Diagnostic logs—Record debugging messages.

· Security logs—Record security information, such as authentication and authorization information.

· Hidden logs—Record log information not displayed on the terminal, such as input commands.

· Trace logs—Record system tracing and debugging messages, which can be viewed only after the devkit package is installed.

Log levels

Logs are classified into eight severity levels from 0 through 7 in descending order. The information center outputs logs with a severity level that is higher than or equal to the specified level. For example, if you specify a severity level of 6 (informational), logs that have a severity level from 0 to 6 are output.

Table 1 Log levels

Severity value	Level	Description
0	Emergency	The system is unusable. For example, the system authorization has expired.
1	Alert	Action must be taken immediately. For example, traffic on an interface exceeds the upper limit.
2	Critical	Critical condition. For example, the device temperature exceeds the upper limit, the power module fails, or the fan tray fails.
3	Error	Error condition. For example, the link state changes.
4	Warning	Warning condition. For example, an interface is disconnected, or the memory resources are used up.
5	Notification	Normal but significant condition. For example, a terminal logs in to the device, or the device reboots.
6	Informational	Informational message. For example, a command or a ping operation is executed.
7	Debugging	Debugging message.

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Log destinations

The system outputs logs to the following destinations: console, monitor terminal, log buffer, log host, and log file. Log output destinations are independent and you can configure them after enabling the information center. One log can be sent to multiple destinations.

Default output rules for logs

A log output rule specifies the source modules and severity level of logs that can be output to a destination. Logs matching the output rule are output to the destination. Table 2 shows the default log output rules.

Table 2 Default output rules

Destination	Log source modules	Output switch	Severity
Console	All supported modules	Enabled	Debugging
Monitor terminal	All supported modules	Disabled	Debugging
Log host	All supported modules	Enabled	Informational
Log buffer	All supported modules	Enabled	Informational
Log file	All supported modules	Enabled	Informational

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Default output rules for diagnostic logs

Diagnostic logs can only be output to the diagnostic log file, and cannot be filtered by source modules and severity levels. Table 3 shows the default output rule for diagnostic logs.

Table 3 Default output rule for diagnostic logs

Destination	Log source modules	Output switch	Severity
Diagnostic log file	All supported modules	Enabled	Debugging

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Default output rules for security logs

Security logs can only be output to the security log file, and cannot be filtered by source modules and severity levels. Table 4 shows the default output rule for security logs.

Table 4 Default output rule for security logs

Destination	Log source modules	Output switch	Severity
Security log file	All supported modules	Disabled	Debugging

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Default output rules for hidden logs

Hidden logs can be output to the log host, the log buffer, and the log file. Table 5 shows the default output rules for hidden logs.

Table 5 Default output rules for hidden logs

Destination	Log source modules	Output switch	Severity
Log host	All supported modules	Enabled	Informational
Log buffer	All supported modules	Enabled	Informational
Log file	All supported modules	Enabled	Informational

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Default output rules for trace logs

Trace logs can only be output to the trace log file, and cannot be filtered by source modules and severity levels. Table 6 shows the default output rules for trace logs.

Table 6 Default output rules for trace logs

Destination	Log source modules	Output switch	Severity
Trace log file	All supported modules	Enabled	Debugging

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Log formats and field descriptions

Log formats

The format of logs varies by output destinations. Table 7 shows the original format of log information, which might be different from what you see. The actual format varies by the log resolution tool used.

Table 7 Log formats

Output destination

Format

Console, monitor terminal, log buffer, or log file

Prefix Timestamp Sysname Module/Level/Mnemonic: Content

Example:

%Nov 24 14:21:43:502 2016 Sysname SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: VTY logged in from 192.168.1.26

Log host

Non-customized format:

<PRI>Timestamp Sysname %%vvModule/Level/Mnemonic: Location; Content

Example:

<190>Nov 24 16:22:21 2016 Sysname %%10SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: -DevIP=1.1.1.1; VTY logged in from 192.168.1.26<190>Nov 24 16:22:21 2016 Sysname %%10 SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: -DevIP=1.1.1.1; VTY logged in from 192.168.1.26

CMCC format:

<PRI>Timestamp Sysname %vvModule/Level/Mnemonic: Location; Content

Example:

<189>Oct 9 14:59:04 2016 Sysname %10SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: VTY logged in from 192.168.1.21

SGCC format:

<PRI> Timestamp Sysname Devtype Content

Example:

<189> 2019-03-18 15:39:45 Sysname FW 0 2 admin 10.1.1.1

Unicom format:

<PRI>Timestamp Hostip vvModule/Level/Serial_number: Content

Example:

<189>Oct 13 16:48:08 2016 10.1.1.1 10SHELL/5/210231a64jx073000020: VTY logged in from 192.168.1.21

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Log field description

Table 8 Log field description

Field	Description
Prefix (information type)	A log sent to the console, monitor terminal, log buffer, or log file has an identifier in front of the timestamp: · An identifier of percent sign (%) indicates a log with a level equal to or higher than informational. · An identifier of asterisk (*) indicates a debugging log or a trace log. · An identifier of caret (^) indicates a diagnostic log.
PRI (priority)	A log destined for the log host has a priority identifier in front of the timestamp. The priority is calculated by using this formula: facility*8+level, where: · facility is the facility name. Facility names local0 through local7 correspond to values 16 through 23. The facility name can be configured using the info-center loghost command. It is used to identify log sources on the log host, and to query and filter the logs from specific log sources. · level is in the range of 0 to 7. See Table 1 for more information about severity levels.
Timestamp	Records the time when the log was generated. Logs sent to the log host and those sent to the other destinations have different timestamp precisions, and their timestamp formats are configured with different commands. For more information, see Table 9 and Table 10.
Hostip	Source IP address of the log. If the info-center loghost source command is configured, this field displays the IP address of the specified source interface. Otherwise, this field displays the sysname. This field exists only in logs that are sent to the log host in unicom format.
Serial number	Serial number of the device that generated the log. This field exists only in logs that are sent to the log host in unicom format.
Sysname (host name or host IP address)	The sysname is the host name or IP address of the device that generated the log. You can use the sysname command to modify the name of the device.
%% (vendor ID)	Indicates that the information was generated by an H3C device. This field exists only in logs sent to the log host.
vv (version information)	Identifies the version of the log, and has a value of 10. This field exists only in logs that are sent to the log host.
Module	Specifies the name of the module that generated the log. You can enter the info-center source ? command in system view to view the module list.
Level	Identifies the level of the log. See Table 1 for more information about severity levels.
Mnemonic	Describes the content of the log. It contains a string of up to 32 characters.
Location	Optional field that identifies the log sender. This field exists only in logs that are sent to the log host in non-customized or CMCC format. The field contains the following information: · Context—Context number. · Devlp—IP address of the log sender. · Slot—Member ID of the IRF member device that sent the log.
Devtype	Device type. This field exists only in logs that are sent to the log host in SGCC format.
Content	Provides the content of the log.

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Table 9 Timestamp precisions and configuration commands

Item	Destined for the log host	Destined for the console, monitor terminal, log buffer, and log file
Precision	Seconds	Milliseconds
Command used to set the timestamp format	info-center timestamp loghost	info-center timestamp

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Table 10 Description of the timestamp parameters

Timestamp parameters	Description
boot	Time that has elapsed since system startup, in the format of xxx.yyy. xxx represents the higher 32 bits, and yyy represents the lower 32 bits, of milliseconds elapsed. Logs that are sent to all destinations other than a log host support this parameter. Example: %0.109391473 Sysname FTPD/5/FTPD_LOGIN: User ftp (192.168.1.23) has logged in successfully. 0.109391473 is a timestamp in the boot format.
date	Current date and time, in the format of mmm dd hh:mm:ss yyy for logs that are output to a log host, or MMM DD hh:mm:ss:xxx YYYY for logs that are output to other destinations. All logs support this parameter. Example: %May 30 05:36:29:579 2003 Sysname FTPD/5/FTPD_LOGIN: User ftp (192.168.1.23) has logged in successfully. May 30 05:36:29:579 2003 is a timestamp in the date format.
iso	Timestamp format stipulated in ISO 8601. Only logs that are sent to a log host support this parameter. Example: <189>2003-05-30T06:42:44 Sysname %%10FTPD/5/FTPD_LOGIN: User ftp (192.168.1.23) has logged in successfully. 2003-05-30T06:42:44 is a timestamp in the iso format.
none	No timestamp is included. All logs support this parameter. Example: % Sysname FTPD/5/FTPD_LOGIN: User ftp (192.168.1.23) has logged in successfully. No timestamp is included.
no-year-date	Current date and time without year information, in the format of MMM DD hh:mm:ss:xxx. Only logs that are sent to a log host support this parameter. Example: <189>May 30 06:44:22 Sysname %%10FTPD/5/FTPD_LOGIN: User ftp (192.168.1.23) has logged in successfully. May 30 06:44:22 is a timestamp in the no-year-date format.

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Information center tasks at a glance

Managing standard system logs

1. Enabling the information center

2. Outputting logs to various destinations

Choose the following tasks as needed:

¡ Outputting logs to the console

¡ Outputting logs to the monitor terminal

¡ Outputting logs to log hosts

¡ Outputting logs to the log buffer

¡ Saving logs to the log file

3. (Optional.) Setting the minimum storage period for logs (for single-logfile devices)

4. (Optional.) Setting the minimum storage period (for multi-logfile devices)

5. (Optional.) Enabling synchronous information output

6. (Optional.) Configuring the character set encoding

7. (Optional.) Configuring log suppression

Choose the following tasks as needed:

¡ Enabling duplicate log suppression

¡ Disabling an interface from generating link up or link down logs

8. (Optional.) Enabling SNMP notifications for system logs

Managing hidden logs

1. Enabling the information center

2. Outputting logs to various destinations

Choose the following tasks as needed:

¡ Outputting logs to log hosts

¡ Outputting logs to the log buffer

¡ Saving logs to the log file

3. (Optional.) Setting the minimum storage period for logs (for single-logfile devices)

4. (Optional.) Setting the minimum storage period (for multi-logfile devices)

5. (Optional.) Enabling duplicate log suppression

Enabling the information center

About this task

The information center can output logs only after it is enabled.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enable the information center.

info-center enable

The information center is enabled by default.

Outputting logs to various destinations

Outputting logs to the console

Restrictions and guidelines

The terminal monitor, terminal debugging, and terminal logging commands take effect only for the current connection between the terminal and the device. If a new connection is established, the default is restored.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Configure an output rule for sending logs to the console.

info-center source { module-name | default } console { deny | level severity }

For information about default output rules, see "Default output rules for logs."

3. (Optional.) Configure the timestamp format.

info-center timestamp { boot | date | none }

The default timestamp format is date.

4. Return to user view.

quit

5. Enable log output to the console.

terminal monitor

By default, log output to the console is enabled.

6. Enable output of debugging messages to the console.

terminal debugging

By default, output of debugging messages to the console is disabled.

This command enables output of debugging-level log messages to the console.

7. Set the lowest severity level of logs that can be output to the console.

terminal logging level severity

The default setting is 6 (informational).

Outputting logs to the monitor terminal

About this task

Monitor terminals refer to terminals that log in to the device through the VTY line.

Restrictions and guidelines

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Configure an output rule for sending logs to the monitor terminal.

info-center source { module-name | default } monitor { deny | level severity }

For information about default output rules, see "Default output rules for logs."

3. (Optional.) Configure the timestamp format.

info-center timestamp { boot | date | none }

The default timestamp format is date.

4. Return to user view.

quit

5. Enable log output to the monitor terminal.

terminal monitor

By default, log output to the monitor terminal is disabled.

6. Enable output of debugging messages to the monitor terminal.

terminal debugging

By default, output of debugging messages to the monitor terminal is disabled.

This command enables output of debugging-level log messages to the monitor terminal.

7. Set the lowest level of logs that can be output to the monitor terminal.

terminal logging level severity

The default setting is 6 (informational).

Outputting logs to log hosts

Restrictions and guidelines

The device supports the following methods (in descending order of priority) for outputting logs of a module to designated log hosts:

· Fast log output.

For information about the modules that support fast log output and how to configure fast log output, see "Configuring fast log output."

· Flow log.

For information about the modules that support flow log output and how to configure flow log output, see "Configuring flow log."

· Information center.

If you configure multiple log output methods for a module, only the method with the highest priority takes effect.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Configure a log output filter or a log output rule. Choose one option as needed:

¡ Configure a log output filter.

info-center filter filter-name { module-name | default } { deny | level severity }

You can create multiple log output filters. When specifying a log host, you can apply a log output filter to the log host to control log output.

¡ Configure a log output rule for the log host output destination.

info-center source { module-name | default } loghost { deny | level severity }

For information about default output rules, see "Default output rules for logs."

The system chooses the settings to control log output to a log host in the following order:

a. Log output filter applied to the log host.

b. Log output rules configured for the log host output destination by using the info-center source command.

c. Default log output rules (see "Default output rules for logs").

3. (Optional.) Specify a source IP address for output logs.

info-center loghost source interface-type interface-number

By default, the source IP address of output logs is the primary IP address of their outgoing interfaces.

4. (Optional.) Specify the format in which logs are output to log hosts.

info-center format { cmcc | sgcc | unicom }

By default, logs are output to log hosts in standard format.

Support for the sgcc keyword depends on device model. For more information, see the command reference.

5. (Optional.) Configure the timestamp format.

info-center timestamp loghost { date | iso | no-year-date | none }

The default timestamp format is date.

6. Specify a log host and configure related parameters.

info-center loghost [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] { hostname | ipv4-address | ipv6 ipv6-address } [ port port-number ] [ facility local-number ] [ filter filter-name ]

By default, no log hosts or related parameters are specified.

The value for the port-number argument must be the same as the value configured on the log host. Otherwise, the log host cannot receive logs.

Outputting logs to the log buffer

About this task

This feature enables log output to log buffers based on the log source modules.

· Logs generated by modules or submodules that have separate log buffers are saved to their respective log buffers.

For example, session logs are saved to the session log buffer.

· Logs generated by other modules are saved to the general log buffer.

You can use the info-center logbuffer size command to set the maximum log buffer size.

You can also use the display logbuffer command to display the log buffer information and the buffered logs.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Configure an output rule for sending logs to the log buffer.

info-center source { module-name | default } logbuffer { deny | level severity }

For information about default output rules, see "Default output rules for logs."

3. (Optional.) Configure the timestamp format.

info-center timestamp { boot | date | none }

The default timestamp format is date.

4. Enable log output to the log buffer.

info-center logbuffer

By default, log output to the log buffer is enabled.

5. (Optional.) Set the maximum log buffer size.

info-center logbuffer [ module module-name ] size buffersize

By default, a maximum of 512 logs can be buffered.

Saving logs to the log file

About this task

The log file feature enables log output to log files based on the log source modules.

· Logs generated by modules or submodules that have separate log files are output to their respective log files.

For example, session logs are output to the log file named session.log. Each of these modules can have only one log file.

· Logs generated by other modules are output to the general log file.

By default, the log file feature saves logs from the log file buffer to the log file at the specified saving interval. You can also manually trigger an immediate saving of buffered logs to the log file. After saving logs to the log file, the system clears the log file buffer.

Applicable to single-logfile devices:

The log file is automatically created when needed and has a maximum capacity. When no log file space or storage device space is available, the system will replace the oldest logs with new logs.

TIP:

Clean up the storage space of the device regularly to ensure sufficient storage space for the log file feature.

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Applicable to multi-logfile devices:

The device automatically creates log files as needed. Each log file has a maximum capacity.

The device supports multiple general log files. The log files are named as logfile1.log, logfile2.log, and so on.

When logfile1.log is full, the system compresses logfile1.log as logfile1.log.gz and creates a new log file named logfile2.log. The process repeats until the last log file is full.

After the last log file is full, the device repeats the following process:

1. The device locates the oldest compressed log file logfileX.log.gz and creates a new file using the same name (logfileX.log).

2. When logfileX.log is full, the device compresses the log file as logfileX.log.gz to replace the existing file logfileX.log.gz.

As a best practice, back up the log files regularly to avoid loss of important logs.

For modules that use separate log files, each module can have only one log file. When the maximum capacity of the log file is reached, the system replaces the oldest logs with new logs.

TIP:

Clean up the storage space of the device regularly to ensure sufficient storage space for the log file feature.

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Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Configure an output rule for sending logs to the log file.

info-center source { module-name | default } logfile { deny | level severity }

For information about default output rules, see "Default output rules for logs."

3. Enable the log file feature.

info-center logfile enable

By default, the log file feature is enabled.

4. (Optional.) Set the maximum log file size.

info-center logfile [ module module-name ] size-quota size

The default setting varies by device model. For more information, see the command reference.

5. (Optional.) Set the alarm threshold for log file usage of a specific module.

info-center logfile module module-name alarm-threshold usage

The default alarm threshold for log file usage ratio is 80%. When the usage ratio of the log file reaches 80%, the system outputs a message to inform the user.

6. (Optional.) Specify the log file directory.

info-center logfile directory dir-name

By default, the log file is saved in the logfile folder under the root directory of the default file system.

This command cannot survive an IRF reboot or a master/subordinate switchover.

7. Save logs in the log file buffer to the log file. Choose one option as needed:

¡ Configure the automatic log file saving interval.

info-center logfile frequency freq-sec

The default log file saving interval is 86400 seconds.

¡ Manually save logs in the log file buffer to the log file.

logfile save

This command is available in any view.

Setting the minimum storage period for logs (for single-logfile devices)

About this task

Use this feature to set the minimum storage period for logs in the log buffer and log file. This feature ensures that logs will not be overwritten by new logs during a set period of time.

By default, when the log buffer or log file is full, new logs will automatically overwrite the oldest logs. After the minimum storage period is set, the system identifies the storage period of a log to determine whether to delete the log. The system current time minus a log's generation time is the log's storage period.

· If the storage period of a log is shorter than or equal to the minimum storage period, the system does not delete the log. The new log will not be saved.

· If the storage period of a log is longer than the minimum storage period, the system deletes the log to save the new log.

Hardware and feature compatibility

Hardware	Feature compatibility
F5010, F5020, F5020-GM, F5030, F5030-6GW, F5040, F5060, F5080, F5000-AI-20, F5000-AI-40, F5000-V30, F5000-C, F5000-S, F5000-M, F5000-A	Yes
F1000-AI-20, F1000-AI-30, F1000-AI-50, F1000-AI-60, F1000-AI-70, F1000-AI-80, F1000-AI-90	Yes
F1003-L, F1005-L, F1010-L	Yes
F1005, F1010	Yes
F1020, F1020-GM, F1030, F1030-GM, F1050, F1060, F1070, F1070-GM, F1070-GM-L, F1080, F1090, F1000-V70	Yes
F1000-AK1110, F1000-AK1120, F1000-AK1130, F1000-AK1140	Yes
F1000-AK1212, F1000-AK1222, F1000-AK1232, F1000-AK1312, F1000-AK1322, F1000-AK1332	Yes
F1000-AK1414, F1000-AK1424, F1000-AK1434, F1000-AK1514, F1000-AK1524, F1000-AK1534, F1000-AK1614	Yes
F1000-AK108, F1000-AK109, F1000-AK110, F1000-AK115, F1000-AK120, F1000-AK125, F1000-AK710	Yes
F1000-AK130, F1000-AK135, F1000-AK140, F1000-AK145, F1000-AK150, F1000-AK155, F1000-AK160, F1000-AK165, F1000-AK170, F1000-AK175, F1000-AK180, F1000-AK185, F1000-GM-AK370, F1000-GM-AK380, F1000-AK711	Yes
LSU3FWCEA0, LSUM1FWCEAB0, LSX1FWCEA1	Yes
LSXM1FWDF1, LSUM1FWDEC0, IM-NGFWX-IV, LSQM1FWDSC0, LSWM1FWD0, LSPM6FWD, LSQM2FWDSC0	Yes
vFW1000, vFW2000	No

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Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Set the log minimum storage period.

info-center syslog [ module module-name ] min-age min-age

By default, the log minimum storage period is not set.

Setting the minimum storage period (for multi-logfile devices)

About setting the minimum storage period

Use this feature to set the minimum storage period for logs and log files. This feature ensures that logs will not be overwritten by new logs during a set period of time.

For logs

By default, when the number of buffered logs or logs in a module-specific log file reaches the maximum, new logs will automatically overwrite the oldest logs. After the minimum storage period is set, the system identifies the storage period of a log to determine whether to delete the log. The system current time minus a log's generation time is the log's storage period.

· If the storage period of a log is shorter than or equal to the minimum storage period, the system does not delete the log. The new log will not be saved.

· If the storage period of a log is longer than the minimum storage period, the system deletes the log to save the new log.

For general log files

By default, when the last general log file is full, the device locates the oldest compressed general log file (logfileX.log.gz) and creates a new file by using the same name (logfileX.log).

After the minimum storage period is set, the system identifies the storage period of the compressed log file before creating a new log file with the same name. The system current time minus the log file's last modification time is the log file's storage period.

· If the storage period of the compressed log file is shorter than or equal to the minimum storage period, the system stops saving new logs.

· If the storage period of the compressed log file is longer than the minimum storage period, the system creates a new file to save new logs.

For more information about log saving, see "Saving logs to the log file."

Hardware compatibility with minimum storage period

Hardware	Feature compatibility
F5010, F5020, F5020-GM, F5030, F5030-6GW, F5040, F5060, F5080, F5000-AI-20, F5000-AI-40, F5000-V30, F5000-C, F5000-S, F5000-M, F5000-A	No
F1000-AI-20, F1000-AI-30, F1000-AI-50, F1000-AI-60, F1000-AI-70, F1000-AI-80, F1000-AI-90	No
F1003-L, F1005-L, F1010-L	No
F1005, F1010	No
F1020, F1020-GM, F1030, F1030-GM, F1050, F1060, F1070, F1070-GM, F1070-GM-L, F1080, F1090, F1000-V70	No
F1000-AK1110, F1000-AK1120, F1000-AK1130, F1000-AK1140	No
F1000-AK1212, F1000-AK1222, F1000-AK1232, F1000-AK1312, F1000-AK1322, F1000-AK1332	No
F1000-AK1414, F1000-AK1424, F1000-AK1434, F1000-AK1514, F1000-AK1524, F1000-AK1534, F1000-AK1614	No
F1000-AK108, F1000-AK109, F1000-AK110, F1000-AK115, F1000-AK120, F1000-AK125, F1000-AK710	No
F1000-AK130, F1000-AK135, F1000-AK140, F1000-AK145, F1000-AK150, F1000-AK155, F1000-AK160, F1000-AK165, F1000-AK170, F1000-AK175, F1000-AK180, F1000-AK185, F1000-GM-AK370, F1000-GM-AK380, F1000-AK711	No
LSU3FWCEA0, LSUM1FWCEAB0, LSX1FWCEA1	No
LSXM1FWDF1, LSUM1FWDEC0, IM-NGFWX-IV, LSQM1FWDSC0, LSWM1FWD0, LSPM6FWD, LSQM2FWDSC0	No
vFW1000, vFW2000	Yes

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Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Set the minimum storage period.

info-center syslog min-age [ module module-name ] min-age

By default, the minimum storage period is not set.

Enabling synchronous information output

About this task

System log output interrupts ongoing configuration operations, obscuring previously entered commands. Synchronous information output shows the obscured commands. It also provides a command prompt in command editing mode, or a [Y/N] string in interaction mode so you can continue your operation from where you were stopped.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enable synchronous information output.

info-center synchronous

By default, synchronous information output is disabled.

Configuring the character set encoding used on the information center

About this task

The information center supports outputting log messages by using the GB18030 or UTF-8 encoding. By default, the GB18030 encoding is used.

For the login terminal to correctly display Chinese characters in log messages received from the information center, the information center and the terminal must use the same character set encoding.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enable the information center to use the UTF-8 encoding.

info-center syslog utf-8 enable

By default, the information center uses the GB18030 encoding for outputting log messages.

Configuring log suppression

Enabling duplicate log suppression

About this task

Output of consecutive duplicate logs (logs that have the same module name, level, mnemonic, location, and text) wastes system and network resources.

With duplicate log suppression enabled, the system starts a suppression period upon outputting a log:

· If only duplicate logs are received during the suppression period, the information center does not output the duplicate logs. When the suppression period expires, the information center outputs the suppressed log and the number of times the log is suppressed.

· If a different log is received during the suppression period, the information center performs the following operations:

¡ Outputs the suppressed log and the number of times the log is suppressed.

¡ Outputs the different log and starts a suppression period for that log.

· If no log is received within the suppression period, the information center does not output any message when the suppression period expires.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enable duplicate log suppression.

info-center logging suppress duplicates

By default, duplicate log suppression is disabled.

Disabling an interface from generating link up or link down logs

About this task

By default, an interface generates link up or link down log information when the interface state changes. In some cases, you might want to disable certain interfaces from generating this information. For example:

· You are concerned about the states of only some interfaces. In this case, you can use this function to disable other interfaces from generating link up and link down log information.

· An interface is unstable and continuously outputs log information. In this case, you can disable the interface from generating link up and link down log information.

Use the default setting in normal cases to avoid affecting interface status monitoring.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3. Disable the interface from generating link up or link down logs.

undo enable log updown

By default, an interface generates link up and link down logs when the interface state changes.

Enabling SNMP notifications for system logs

About this task

This feature enables the device to send an SNMP notification for each log message it outputs. The device encapsulates the logs in SNMP notifications and then sends them to the SNMP module and the log trap buffer.

You can configure the SNMP module to send received SNMP notifications in SNMP traps or informs to remote hosts. For more information, see "Configuring SNMP."

To view the traps in the log trap buffer, access the MIB corresponding to the log trap buffer.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enable SNMP notifications for system logs.

snmp-agent trap enable syslog

By default, the device does not send SNMP notifications for system logs.

3. Set the maximum number of traps that can be stored in the log trap buffer.

info-center syslog trap buffersize buffersize

By default, the log trap buffer can store a maximum of 1024 traps.

Managing security logs

Saving security logs to the security log file

About this task

Security logs are very important for locating and troubleshooting network problems. Generally, security logs are output together with other logs. It is difficult to identify security logs among all logs.

To solve this problem, you can save security logs to the security log file without affecting the current log output rules.

After you enable the security log file feature, the system processes security logs as follows:

1. Outputs security logs to the security log file buffer.

2. Saves logs from the security log file buffer to the security log file at the specified interval.

If you have the security-audit role, you can also manually save security logs to the security log file.

3. Clears the security log file buffer immediately after the security logs are saved to the security log file.

Restrictions and guidelines

The device supports only one security log file. The system will overwrite old logs with new logs when the security log file is full. To avoid security log loss, you can set an alarm threshold for the security log file usage ratio. When the alarm threshold is reached, the system outputs a message to inform you of the alarm. You can log in to the device with the security-audit user role and back up the security log file to prevent the loss of important data.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enable the security log file feature.

info-center security-logfile enable

By default, the security log file feature is disabled.

3. Set the interval at which the system saves security logs.

info-center security-logfile frequency freq-sec

The default security log file saving interval is 86400 seconds.

4. (Optional.) Set the maximum size for the security log file.

info-center security-logfile size-quota size

By default, the maximum security log file size is 10 MB.

5. (Optional.) Set the alarm threshold of the security log file usage.

info-center security-logfile alarm-threshold usage

By default, the alarm threshold of the security log file usage ratio is 80. When the usage of the security log file reaches 80%, the system will send a message.

Managing the security log file

Restrictions and guidelines

To use the security log file management commands, you must have the security-audit user role. For information about configuring the security-audit user role, see AAA in Security Configuration Guide.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Change the directory of the security log file.

info-center security-logfile directory dir-name

By default, the security log file is saved in the seclog directory in the root directory of the storage device.

This command cannot survive an IRF reboot or a master/subordinate switchover.

3. Manually save all logs in the security log file buffer to the security log file.

security-logfile save

This command is available in any view.

4. (Optional.) Display the summary of the security log file.

display security-logfile summary

This command is available in any view.

Saving diagnostic logs to the diagnostic log file

About this task

By default, the diagnostic log file feature saves diagnostic logs from the diagnostic log file buffer to the diagnostic log file at the specified saving interval. You can also manually trigger an immediate saving of diagnostic logs to the diagnostic log file. After saving diagnostic logs to the diagnostic log file, the system clears the diagnostic log file buffer.

The device supports only one diagnostic log file. The diagnostic log file has a maximum capacity. When the capacity is reached, the system replaces the oldest diagnostic logs with new logs.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enable the diagnostic log file feature.

info-center diagnostic-logfile enable

By default, the diagnostic log file feature is enabled.

3. (Optional.) Set the maximum diagnostic log file size.

info-center diagnostic-logfile quota size

By default, the maximum diagnostic log file size is 10 MB.

4. (Optional.) Specify the diagnostic log file directory.

info-center diagnostic-logfile directory dir-name

By default, the diagnostic log file is saved in the diagfile folder under the root directory of the default file system.

This command cannot survive an IRF reboot or a master/subordinate switchover.

5. Save diagnostic logs in the diagnostic log file buffer to the diagnostic log file. Choose one option as needed:

¡ Configure the automatic diagnostic log file saving interval.

info-center diagnostic-logfile frequency freq-sec

The default diagnostic log file saving interval is 86400 seconds.

¡ Manually save diagnostic logs to the diagnostic log file.

diagnostic-logfile save

This command is available in any view.

Setting the maximum size of the trace log file

About this task

The device has only one trace log file. When the trace log file is full, the device overwrites the oldest trace logs with new ones.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Set the maximum size for the trace log file.

info-center trace-logfile quota size

The default maximum trace log file size is 1 MB.

Display and maintenance commands for information center

Execute display commands in any view and reset commands in user view.

Task	Command
Display the character set encoding used on the device or the login terminal.	display character-set [ terminal ]
Display the diagnostic log file configuration.	display diagnostic-logfile summary
Display the information center configuration.	display info-center
Display information about log output filters.	display info-center filter [ filtername ]
Display the log output rules by source modules.	display info-center source [ module module-name ]
Display log buffer information and buffered logs.	display logbuffer [ module module-name [ submodule submodule-name ] ] [ reverse ] [ level severity \| size buffersize \| slot slot-number ] *
Display the log buffer summary.	display logbuffer summary [ level severity \| slot slot-number ] *
Display the log file configuration.	display logfile summary
Display summary information of the security log file (security-audit user role required).	display security-logfile summary
Clear the log buffer.	reset logbuffer [ module module-name [ submodule submodule-name ] ]

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17-Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide

Default output rules for logs

Default output rules for diagnostic logs

Log formats and field descriptions

Log formats

Log field description

Information center tasks at a glance

About this task

Procedure

Restrictions and guidelines

Procedure

About this task

Restrictions and guidelines

Procedure

Outputting logs to log hosts

Restrictions and guidelines

Procedure

About this task

Procedure

About this task

Applicable to single-logfile devices:

Applicable to multi-logfile devices:

Procedure

About this task

Hardware and feature compatibility

Procedure

For logs

For general log files

About this task

Procedure

Configuring the character set encoding used on the information center

About this task

Procedure

About this task

Procedure

About this task

Procedure

About this task

Procedure

About this task

Restrictions and guidelines

Procedure

Restrictions and guidelines

About this task

Procedure

About this task

Procedure

Display and maintenance commands for information center

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