Contents

Configuring static routing· 1

Configuring a static route· 1

Configuring BFD for static routes· 2

Bidirectional control mode· 2

Single-hop echo mode· 3

Configuring static route FRR· 4

Configuration guidelines· 4

Configuration procedure· 5

Displaying and maintaining static routes· 6

Static route configuration examples· 6

Basic static route configuration example· 6

BFD for static routes configuration example (direct next hop) 8

BFD for static routes configuration example (indirect next hop) 10

Static route FRR configuration example· 13

Configuring a default route· 16

 

Configuring static routing

Static routes are manually configured. If a network's topology is simple, you only need to configure static routes for the network to work correctly.

Static routes cannot adapt to network topology changes. If a fault or a topological change occurs in the network, the network administrator must modify the static routes manually.

Configuring a static route

Before you configure a static route, complete the following tasks:

·     Configure the physical parameters for related interfaces.

·     Configure the link-layer attributes for related interfaces.

·     Configure the IP addresses for related interfaces.

You can associate Track with a static route to monitor the reachability of the next hops. For more information about Track, see High Availability Configuration Guide.

To configure a static route:

 

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     (Optional.) Create a static route group and enter its view.	ip route-static-group group-name	By default, no static route group is configured.
3.     (Optional.) Configure a static route prefix.	prefix dest-address { mask-length | mask }	By default, no static route prefix is configured.
4.     (Optional.) Return to system view.	quit	N/A
5.     Configure a static route.	·     Method 1: ip route-static { dest-address { mask-length | mask } | group group-name } { interface-type interface-number [ next-hop-address ] | next-hop-address | vpn-instance d-vpn-instance-name next-hop-address } [ permanent | track track-entry-number ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ] ·     Method 2: ip route-static vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name { dest-address { mask-length | mask } | group group-name } { interface-type interface-number [ next-hop-address ] | next-hop-address [ public ] | vpn-instance d-vpn-instance-name next-hop-address } [ permanent | track track-entry-number ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ] ·     Method 3: ip route-static topology topo-name { dest-address { mask | mask-length } | group group-name } { next-hop-address | interface-type interface-number [ next-hop-address ] } [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]	By default, no static route is configured.
6.     (Optional.) Configure the default preference for static routes.	ip route-static default-preference default-preference	The default setting is 60.
7.     (Optional.) Delete all static routes, including the default route.	delete [ topology topo-name | vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] static-routes all	To delete one static route, use the undo ip route-static command.

 

Configuring BFD for static routes

	IMPORTANT: Enabling BFD for a flapping route could worsen the situation.

 

BFD provides a general-purpose, standard, medium-, and protocol-independent fast failure detection mechanism. It can uniformly and quickly detect the failures of the bidirectional forwarding paths between two routers for protocols, such as routing protocols and MPLS.

For more information about BFD, see High Availability Configuration Guide.

Bidirectional control mode

To use BFD bidirectional control detection between two devices, enable BFD control mode for each device's static route destined to the peer.

To configure a static route and enable BFD control mode, use one of the following methods:

·     Specify an output interface and a direct next hop.

·     Specify an indirect next hop and a specific BFD packet source address for the static route.

To configure BFD control mode for a static route (direct next hop):

 

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     Configure BFD control mode for a static route.	·     Method 1: ip route-static dest-address { mask-length | mask } interface-type interface-number next-hop-address bfd control-packet [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ] ·     Method 2: ip route-static vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name dest-address { mask-length | mask } interface-type interface-number next-hop-address bfd control-packet [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]	By default, BFD control mode for a static route is not configured.

 

To configure BFD control mode for a static route (indirect next hop):

 

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     Configure BFD control mode for a static route.	·     Method 1: ip route-static dest-address { mask-length | mask } { next-hop-address bfd control-packet bfd-source ip-address | vpn-instance d-vpn-instance-name next-hop-address bfd control-packet bfd-source ip-address } [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ] ·     Method 2: ip route-static vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name dest-address { mask-length | mask } { next-hop-address bfd control-packet bfd-source ip-address | vpn-instance d-vpn-instance-name next-hop-address bfd control-packet bfd-source ip-address } [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]	By default, BFD control mode for a static route is not configured.

 

Single-hop echo mode

With BFD echo mode enabled for a static route, the output interface sends BFD echo packets to the destination device, which loops the packets back to test the link reachability.

 

	IMPORTANT: Do not use BFD for a static route with the output interface in spoofing state.

 

To configure BFD echo mode for a static route:

 

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     Configure the source address of echo packets.	bfd echo-source-ip ip-address	By default, the source address of echo packets is not configured. For more information about this command, see High Availability Command Reference.
3.     Configure BFD echo mode for a static route.	·     Method 1: ip route-static dest-address { mask-length | mask } interface-type interface-number next-hop-address bfd echo-packet [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ] ·     Method 2: ip route-static vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name dest-address { mask-length | mask } interface-type interface-number next-hop-address bfd echo-packet [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]	By default, BFD echo mode for a static route is not configured.

 

Configuring static route FRR

A link or router failure on a path can cause packet loss and even routing loop. Static route fast reroute (FRR) enables fast rerouting to minimize the impact of link or node failures.

Figure 1 Network diagram

 

As shown in Figure 1, upon a link failure, packets are directed to the backup next hop to avoid traffic interruption. You can either specify a backup next hop for FRR or enable FRR to automatically select a backup next hop (which must be configured in advance).

Configuration guidelines

·     Do not use static route FRR and BFD (for a static route) at the same time.

·     Static route does not take effect when the backup output interface is unavailable.

·     Equal-cost routes do not support static route FRR.

·     The backup output interface and next hop cannot be modified, and cannot be the same as the primary output interface and next hop.

·     Static route FRR is available only when the state of primary link (with Layer 3 interfaces staying up) changes from bidirectional to unidirectional or down.

Configuration procedure

Configuring static route FRR by specifying a backup next hop

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     Configure static route FRR.	·     Method 1: ip route-static dest-address { mask-length | mask } interface-type interface-number [ next-hop-address [ backup-interface interface-type interface-number [ backup-nexthop backup-nexthop-address ] ] ] [ permanent ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ] ·     Method 2: ip route-static vpn-instance s-vpn-instance-name dest-address { mask-length | mask } interface-type interface-number [ next-hop-address [ backup-interface interface-type interface-number [ backup-nexthop backup-nexthop-address ] ] ] [ permanent ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ] ·     Method 3: ip route-static topology topo-name dest-address { mask | mask-length } { next-hop-address | interface-type interface-number [ next-hop-address [ backup-interface interface-type interface-number backup-nexthop backup-nexthop-address ] ] } [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]	By default, static route FRR is disabled.

 

Configuring static route FRR to automatically select a backup next hop

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     Configure static route FRR to automatically select a backup next hop.	ip route-static fast-reroute auto	By default, static route FRR is disabled from automatically selecting a backup next hop.

 

Enabling BFD echo packet mode for static route FRR

By default, static route FRR uses ARP to detect primary link failures. Perform this task to enable static route FRR to use BFD echo packet mode for fast failure detection on the primary link.

To enable BFD echo packet mode for static route FRR:

 

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     Configure the source IP address of BFD echo packets.	bfd echo-source-ip ip-address	By default, the source IP address of BFD echo packets is not configured. The source IP address cannot be on the same network segment as any local interface's IP address. For more information about this command, see High Availability Command Reference.
3.     Enable BFD echo packet mode for static route FRR.	ip route-static primary-path-detect bfd echo	By default, BFD echo mode for static route FRR is disabled.

 

Displaying and maintaining static routes

Execute display commands in any view.

 

Task	Command
Display static route information.	display ip routing-table protocol static [ inactive | verbose ]
Display static route next hop information.	display route-static nib [ nib-id ] [ verbose ]
Display static routing table information.	display route-static routing-table [ topology topo-name | vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] [ ip-address { mask-length | mask } ]

 

Static route configuration examples

Basic static route configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 2, configure static routes on the routers for interconnections between any two hosts.

Figure 2 Network diagram

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Configure IP addresses for interfaces. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure static routes:

# Configure a default route on Router A.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.4.2

# Configure two static routes on Router B.

<RouterB> system-view

[RouterB] ip route-static 1.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.4.1

[RouterB] ip route-static 1.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.5.6

# Configure a default route on Router C.

<RouterC> system-view

[RouterC] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.5.5

3.     Configure the default gateways of Host A, Host B, and Host C as 1.1.2.3, 1.1.6.1, and 1.1.3.1. (Details not shown.)

Verifying the configuration

# Display the static route information on Router A.

[RouterA] display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

0.0.0.0/0           Static 60   0            1.1.4.2         GE1/1/2

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

# Display the static route information on Router B.

[RouterB] display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 2

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 2

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

1.1.2.0/24          Static 60   0            1.1.4.1         GE1/1/1

1.1.3.0/24          Static 60   0            1.1.5.6         GE1/1/2

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

# Use the ping command on Host B to test the reachability of Host A (Windows XP runs on the two hosts).

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping 1.1.2.2

 

Pinging 1.1.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

 

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126

 

Ping statistics for 1.1.2.2:

    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

    Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

# Use the tracert command on Host B to test the reachability of Host A.

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>tracert 1.1.2.2

 

Tracing route to 1.1.2.2 over a maximum of 30 hops

 

  1    <1 ms    <1 ms    <1 ms  1.1.6.1

  2    <1 ms    <1 ms    <1 ms  1.1.4.1

  3     1 ms    <1 ms    <1 ms  1.1.2.2

 

Trace complete.

BFD for static routes configuration example (direct next hop)

Network requirements

Configure the following, as shown in Figure 3:

·     Configure a static route to subnet 120.1.1.0/24 on Router A.

·     Configure a static route to subnet 121.1.1.0/24 on Router B.

·     Enable BFD for both routes.

·     Configure a static route to subnet 120.1.1.0/24 and a static route to subnet 121.1.1.0/24 on Router C.

When the link between Router A and Router B through the Layer 2 switch fails, BFD can detect the failure immediately. Router A then communicates with Router B through Router C.

Figure 3 Network diagram

 

Table 1 Interface and IP address assignment

Device	Interface	IP address
Router A	GigabitEthernet 1/1/1	12.1.1.1/24
Router A	GigabitEthernet 1/1/2	10.1.1.102/24
Router B	GigabitEthernet 1/1/1	12.1.1.2/24
Router B	GigabitEthernet 1/1/2	13.1.1.1/24
Router C	GigabitEthernet 1/1/1	10.1.1.100/24
Router C	GigabitEthernet 1/1/2	13.1.1.2/24

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Configure IP addresses for interfaces. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure static routes and BFD:

# Configure static routes on Route A and enable BFD control mode for the static route that traverses the Layer 2 switch.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/1/1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/1/1] bfd min-transmit-interval 500

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/1/1] bfd min-receive-interval 500

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/1/1] bfd detect-multiplier 9

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/1/1] quit

[RouterA] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/1/1 12.1.1.2 bfd control-packet

[RouterA] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/1/2 10.1.1.100 preference 65

[RouterA] quit

# Configure static routes on Router B and enable BFD control mode for the static route that traverses the Layer 2 switch.

<RouterB> system-view

[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/1/1

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/1/1] bfd min-transmit-interval 500

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/1/1] bfd min-receive-interval 500

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/1/1] bfd detect-multiplier 9

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/1/1] quit

[RouterB] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/1/1 12.1.1.1 bfd control-packet

[RouterB] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/1/2 13.1.1.2 preference 65

[RouterB] quit

# Configure static routes on Router C.

<RouterC> system-view

[RouterC] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 13.1.1.1

[RouterC] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 10.1.1.102

Verifying the configuration

# Display BFD sessions on Router A.

<RouterA> display bfd session

 

 Total Session Num: 1     Up Session Num: 1     Init Mode: Active

 

 IPv4 Session Working Under Ctrl Mode:

 

 LD/RD          SourceAddr      DestAddr        State    Holdtime    Interface

 4/7            12.1.1.1        12.1.1.2        Up       2000ms      GE1/1/1

The output shows that the BFD session has been created.

# Display static routes on Router A.

<RouterA> display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

120.1.1.0/24        Static 60   0            12.1.1.2        GE1/1/1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

The output shows that Router A communicates with Router B through GigabitEthernet 1/1/1. Then the link over GigabitEthernet 1/1/1 fails.

# Display static routes on Router A.

<RouterA> display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

120.1.1.0/24        Static 65   0            10.1.1.100      GE1/1/2

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

The output shows that Router A communicates with Router B through GigabitEthernet 1/1/2.

BFD for static routes configuration example (indirect next hop)

Network requirements

Figure 4 shows the network topology as follows:

·     Router A has a route to interface Loopback 1 (2.2.2.9/32) on Router B, with the output interface GigabitEthernet 1/1/1.

·     Router B has a route to interface Loopback 1 (1.1.1.9/32) on Router A, with the output interface GigabitEthernet 1/1/1.

·     Router D has a route to 1.1.1.9/32, with the output interface GigabitEthernet 1/1/1, and a route to 2.2.2.9/32, with the output interface GigabitEthernet 1/1/2.

Configure the following:

·     Configure a static route to subnet 120.1.1.0/24 on Router A.

·     Configure a static route to subnet 121.1.1.0/24 on Router B.

·     Enable BFD for both routes.

·     Configure a static route to subnet 120.1.1.0/24 and a static route to subnet 121.1.1.0/24 on both Router C and Router D.

When the link between Router A and Router B through Router D fails, BFD can detect the failure immediately. Router A then communicates with Router B through Router C.

Figure 4 Network diagram

 

Table 2 Interface and IP address assignment

Device	Interface	IP address
Router A	GigabitEthernet 1/1/1	12.1.1.1/24
Router A	GigabitEthernet 1/1/2	10.1.1.102/24
Router A	Loopback 1	1.1.1.9/32
Router B	GigabitEthernet 1/1/1	11.1.1.2/24
Router B	GigabitEthernet 1/1/2	13.1.1.1/24
Router B	Loopback 1	2.2.2.9/32
Router C	GigabitEthernet 1/1/1	10.1.1.100/24
Router C	GigabitEthernet 1/1/2	13.1.1.2/24
Router D	GigabitEthernet 1/1/1	12.1.1.2/24
Router D	GigabitEthernet 1/1/2	11.1.1.2/24

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Configure IP addresses for interfaces. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure static routes and BFD:

# Configure static routes on Router A and enable BFD control mode for the static route that traverses Router D.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] bfd multi-hop min-transmit-interval 500

[RouterA] bfd multi-hop min-receive-interval 500

[RouterA] bfd multi-hop detect-multiplier 9

[RouterA] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 2.2.2.9 bfd control-packet bfd-source 1.1.1.9

[RouterA] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/1/2 10.1.1.100 preference 65

[RouterA] quit

# Configure static routes on Router B and enable BFD control mode for the static route that traverses Router D.

<RouterB> system-view

[RouterB] bfd multi-hop min-transmit-interval 500

[RouterB] bfd multi-hop min-receive-interval 500

[RouterB] bfd multi-hop detect-multiplier 9

[RouterB] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 1.1.1.9 bfd control-packet bfd-source 2.2.2.9

[RouterB] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 gigabitethernet 1/1/2 13.1.1.2 preference 65

[RouterB] quit

# Configure static routes on Router C.

<RouterC> system-view

[RouterC] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 13.1.1.1

[RouterC] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 10.1.1.102

# Configure static routes on Router D.

<RouterD> system-view

[RouterD] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 11.1.1.2

[RouterD] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 12.1.1.1

Verifying the configuration

# Display the BFD session information on Router A.

<RouterA> display bfd session

 

 Total Session Num: 1     Up Session Num: 1     Init Mode: Active

 

 IPv4 Session Working Under Ctrl Mode:

 

 LD/RD          SourceAddr      DestAddr        State    Holdtime    Interface

 4/7            1.1.1.9         2.2.2.9         Up       2000ms      N/A

The output shows that the BFD session has been created.

# Display static routes on Router A.

<RouterA> display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

120.1.1.0/24        Static 60   0            12.1.1.2        GE1/1/1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

The output shows that Router A communicates with Router B through GigabitEthernet 1/1/1. Then the link over GigabitEthernet 1/1/1 fails.

# Display static routes on Router A.

<RouterA> display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

120.1.1.0/24        Static 65   0            10.1.1.100      GE1/1/2

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

The output shows that Router A communicates with Router B through GigabitEthernet 1/1/2.

Static route FRR configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 5, configure static routes on Router A, Router B, and Router C, and configure static route FRR. When Link A becomes unidirectional, traffic can be switched to Link B immediately.

Figure 5 Network diagram

 

Table 3 Interface and IP address assignment

Device	Interface	IP address
Router A	GigabitEthernet 1/1/1	12.12.12.1/24
Router A	GigabitEthernet 1/1/2	13.13.13.1/24
Router A	Loopback 0	1.1.1.1/32
Router B	GigabitEthernet 1/1/1	24.24.24.4/24
Router B	GigabitEthernet 1/1/2	13.13.13.2/24
Router B	Loopback 0	4.4.4.4/32
Router C	GigabitEthernet 1/1/1	12.12.12.2/24
Router C	GigabitEthernet 1/1/2	24.24.24.2/24

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Configure IP addresses for interfaces. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure static route FRR on link A by using one of the following methods:

¡     (Method 1.) Specify a backup next hop for static route FRR:

# Configure a static route on Router A, and specify GigabitEthernet 1/1/1 as the backup output interface and 12.12.12.2 as the backup next hop.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] ip route-static 4.4.4.4 32 gigabitethernet 1/1/2 13.13.13.2 backup-interface gigabitethernet 1/1/1 backup-nexthop 12.12.12.2

# Configure a static route on Router B, and specify GigabitEthernet 1/1/1 as the backup output interface and 24.24.24.2 as the backup next hop.

<RouterB> system-view

[RouterB] ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 gigabitethernet 1/1/2 13.13.13.1 backup-interface gigabitethernet 1/1/1 backup-nexthop 24.24.24.2

¡     (Method 2.) Configure static route FRR to automatically select a backup next hop:

# Configure static routes on Router A, and enable static route FRR.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] ip route-static 4.4.4.4 32 gigabitethernet 1/1/2 13.13.13.2

[RouterA] ip route-static 4.4.4.4 32 gigabitethernet 1/1/1 12.12.12.2 preference 70

[RouterA] ip route-static fast-reroute auto

# Configure static routes on Router B, and enable static route FRR.

<RouterB> system-view

[RouterB] ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 gigabitethernet 1/1/2 13.13.13.1

[RouterB] ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 gigabitethernet 1/1/1 24.24.24.2 preference 70

[RouterB] ip route-static fast-reroute auto

3.     Configure static routes on Router C.

<RouterC> system-view

[RouterC] ip route-static 4.4.4.4 32 gigabitethernet 1/1/2 24.24.24.4

[RouterC] ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 gigabitethernet 1/1/1 12.12.12.1

Verifying the configuration

# Display route 4.4.4.4/32 on Router A to view the backup next hop information.

[RouterA] display ip routing-table 4.4.4.4 verbose

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination: 4.4.4.4/32

   Protocol: Static          

 Process ID: 0

  SubProtID: 0x0                     Age: 04h20m37s

       Cost: 0                Preference: 60

      IpPre: N/A              QosLocalID: N/A

        Tag: 0                     State: Active Adv

  OrigTblID: 0x0                 OrigVrf: default-vrf

    TableID: 0x2                  OrigAs: 0

      NibID: 0x26000002           LastAs: 0

     AttrID: 0xffffffff         Neighbor: 0.0.0.0

      Flags: 0x1008c         OrigNextHop: 13.13.13.2

      Label: NULL            RealNextHop: 13.13.13.2

    BkLabel: NULL              BkNextHop: 12.12.12.2

  Tunnel ID: Invalid           Interface: GigabitEthernet1/1/2

BkTunnel ID: Invalid         BkInterface: GigabitEthernet1/1/1

   FtnIndex: 0x0            TrafficIndex: N/A

  Connector: N/A

# Display route 1.1.1.1/32 on Router B to view the backup next hop information.

[RouterB] display ip routing-table 1.1.1.1 verbose

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination: 1.1.1.1/32

   Protocol: Static          

 Process ID: 0

  SubProtID: 0x0                     Age: 04h20m37s

       Cost: 0                Preference: 10

      IpPre: N/A              QosLocalID: N/A

        Tag: 0                     State: Active Adv

  OrigTblID: 0x0                 OrigVrf: default-vrf

    TableID: 0x2                  OrigAs: 0

      NibID: 0x26000002           LastAs: 0

     AttrID: 0xffffffff         Neighbor: 0.0.0.0

      Flags: 0x1008c         OrigNextHop: 13.13.13.1

      Label: NULL            RealNextHop: 13.13.13.1

    BkLabel: NULL              BkNextHop: 24.24.24.2

  Tunnel ID: Invalid           Interface: GigabitEthernet1/1/2

BkTunnel ID: Invalid         BkInterface: GigabitEthernet1/1/1

   FtnIndex: 0x0            TrafficIndex: N/A

  Connector: N/A

 

Configuring a default route

A default route is used to forward packets that do not match any specific routing entry in the routing table. Without a default route, packets that do not match any routing entries are discarded and an ICMP destination-unreachable packet is sent to the source.

A default route can be configured in either of the following ways:

·     The network administrator can configure a default route with both destination and mask being 0.0.0.0. For more information, see "Configuring a static route."

·     Some dynamic routing protocols, such as OSPF, RIP, and IS-IS, can generate a default route. For example, an upstream router running OSPF can generate a default route and advertise it to other routers. These routers install the default route with the next hop being the upstream router. For more information, see the respective chapters on these routing protocols in this configuration guide.