ARP uses two types of messages: ARP request and ARP reply. Figure 1 shows the format of ARP request/reply messages. Numbers in the figure refer to field lengths.

Figure 1 ARP message format

· Hardware type—Hardware address type. The value 1 represents Ethernet.

· Protocol type—Type of the protocol address to be mapped. The hexadecimal value 0x0800 represents IP.

· Hardware address length and protocol address length—Length, in bytes, of a hardware address and a protocol address. For an Ethernet address, the value of the hardware address length field is 6. For an IPv4 address, the value of the protocol address length field is 4.

· OP—Operation code, which describes the type of ARP message. The value 1 represents an ARP request, and the value 2 represents an ARP reply.

· Sender hardware address—Hardware address of the device sending the message.

· Sender protocol address—Protocol address of the device sending the message.

· Target hardware address—Hardware address of the device to which the message is being sent.

· Target protocol address—Protocol address of the device to which the message is being sent.

ARP operating mechanism

As shown in Figure 2, Host A and Host B are on the same subnet. Host A sends a packet to Host B as follows:

1. Host A looks through the ARP table for an ARP entry for Host B. If one entry is found, Host A uses the MAC address in the entry to encapsulate the IP packet into a data link layer frame. Then Host A sends the frame to Host B.

2. If Host A finds no entry for Host B, Host A buffers the packet and broadcasts an ARP request. The payload of the ARP request contains the following information:

¡ Sender IP address and sender MAC address—Host A's IP address and MAC address.

¡ Target IP address—Host B's IP address.

¡ Target MAC address—An all-zero MAC address.

All hosts on this subnet can receive the broadcast request, but only the requested host (Host B) processes the request.

3. Host B compares its own IP address with the target IP address in the ARP request. If they are the same, Host B operates as follows:

a. Adds the sender IP address and sender MAC address into its ARP table.

b. Encapsulates its MAC address into an ARP reply.

c. Unicasts the ARP reply to Host A.

4. After receiving the ARP reply, Host A operates as follows:

a. Adds the MAC address of Host B into its ARP table.

b. Encapsulates the MAC address into the packet and sends the packet to Host B.

Figure 2 ARP address resolution process

If Host A and Host B are on different subnets, Host A sends a packet to Host B as follows:

1. Host A broadcasts an ARP request where the target IP address is the IP address of the gateway.

2. The gateway responds with its MAC address in an ARP reply to Host A.

3. Host A uses the gateway's MAC address to encapsulate the packet, and then sends the packet to the gateway.

4. If the gateway has an ARP entry for Host B, it forwards the packet to Host B directly. If not, the gateway broadcasts an ARP request, in which the target IP address is the IP address of Host B.

5. After the gateway gets the MAC address of Host B, it sends the packet to Host B.

ARP table

An ARP table stores dynamic, static, and OpenFlow ARP entries.

Dynamic ARP entry

ARP automatically creates and updates dynamic entries. A dynamic ARP entry is removed when its aging timer expires or the output interface goes down. In addition, a dynamic ARP entry can be overwritten by a static ARP entry.

Static ARP entry

A static ARP entry is manually configured and maintained. It does not age out and cannot be overwritten by any dynamic ARP entry.

Static ARP entries protect communication between devices because attack packets cannot modify the IP-to-MAC mapping in a static ARP entry.

The device supports the following types of static ARP entries:

· Long static ARP entry—It contains the IP address, MAC address, VLAN, and output interface. It is directly used for forwarding packets.

· Short static ARP entry—It contains only the IP address and MAC address.

¡ If the output interface is a Layer 3 Ethernet interface, the short ARP entry can be directly used to forward packets.

¡ If the output interface is a VLAN interface, the device sends an ARP request whose target IP address is the IP address in the short entry. If the sender IP and MAC addresses in the received ARP reply match the short static ARP entry, the device performs the following tasks:

- Adds the interface that received the ARP reply to the short static ARP entry.

- Uses the resolved short static ARP entry to forward IP packets.

· Multiport ARP entry—It contains the IP address, MAC address, and VLAN.

The device can use a multiport ARP entry that has the same MAC address and VLAN as a multicast or multiport unicast MAC address entry for packet forwarding. A multiport ARP entry is manually configured. It does not age out and cannot be overwritten by any dynamic ARP entry. For more information about multicast MAC, see IP Multicast Configuration Guide.

To communicate with a host by using a fixed IP-to-MAC mapping, configure a short static ARP entry on the device. To communicate with a host by using a fixed IP-to-MAC mapping through an interface in a VLAN, configure a long static ARP entry on the device.

OpenFlow ARP entry

ARP creates OpenFlow ARP entries by learning from the OpenFlow module. An OpenFlow ARP entry does not age out, and it cannot be updated. It can be overwritten by a static ARP entry. An OpenFlow ARP entry can be used directly to forward packets. For more information about OpenFlow, see OpenFlow Configuration Guide.

Configuring a static ARP entry

A static ARP entry is effective when the device functions correctly. If a VLAN or VLAN interface is deleted, long static ARP entries in the VLAN are deleted, and resolved short static ARP entries in the VLAN become unresolved.

A resolved short static ARP entry becomes unresolved upon certain events, for example, when the resolved output interface goes down.

A long static ARP entry is ineffective in either of the following situations:

· The IP address in the entry conflicts with a local IP address.

· No local interface has an IP address in the same subnet as the IP address in the ARP entry.

Follow these guidelines when you configure a long static ARP entry:

· The vlan-id argument must be the ID of an existing VLAN where the ARP entry resides. The specified Ethernet interface must belong to that VLAN.

· The VLAN interface must be created. Its IP address and the IP address specified by the ip-address argument must be on the same subnet.

To configure a static ARP entry:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Configure a static ARP entry.	· Configure a long static ARP entry: arp static ip-address mac-address vlan-id interface-type interface-number [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] · Configure a short static ARP entry: arp static ip-address mac-address [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]	By default, no static ARP entry is configured.

Step

Command

Remarks

1. Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2. Configure a static ARP entry.

· Configure a long static ARP entry:
arp static ip-address mac-address vlan-id interface-type interface-number [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

· Configure a short static ARP entry:
arp static ip-address mac-address [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

By default, no static ARP entry is configured.

Configuring a multiport ARP entry

A multiport ARP entry contains an IP address, MAC address, and VLAN ID. To make the multiport ARP entry effective for packet forwarding, you must configure a multicast or multiport unicast MAC address entry to specify multiple output interfaces. The MAC address entry must have the same MAC address and VLAN ID as the multiport ARP entry. In addition, the IP address in the multiport ARP entry must reside on the same subnet as the VLAN interface of the specified VLAN.

A multiport ARP entry can overwrite a dynamic, short static or long static ARP entry. Conversely, a short static or long static ARP entry can overwrite a multiport ARP entry.

To configure a multiport ARP entry:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Configure a multicast or multiport unicast MAC address entry.	· Configure a multiport unicast MAC address entry: mac-address multiport mac-address interface interface-list vlan vlan-id · Configure a multicast MAC address entry: mac-address multicast mac-address interface interface-list vlan vlan-id	By default, no multicast or multiport unicast MAC address entries are configured. For more information about the mac-address multiport command, see Layer 2—LAN Switching Command Reference. For more information about the mac-address multicast command, see IP Multicast Command Reference.
3. Configure a multiport ARP entry.	arp multiport ip-address mac-address vlan-id [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]	By default, no multiport ARP entries are configured.

Setting the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries for a device

A device can dynamically learn ARP entries. To prevent a device from holding too many ARP entries, you can set the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries that the device can learn. When the maximum number is reached, the device stops learning ARP entries.

If you set a value lower than the number of existing dynamic ARP entries, the device does not remove the existing entries unless they are aged out.

To set the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries for a device:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Set the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries for the device.	arp max-learning-number number	By default, the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries that a device can learn depends on the maximum free space of the ARP table. If the value for the number argument is set to 0, the device is disabled from learning dynamic ARP entries.

Step

Command

Remarks

1. Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2. Set the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries for the device.

arp max-learning-number number

By default, the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries that a device can learn depends on the maximum free space of the ARP table.

If the value for the number argument is set to 0, the device is disabled from learning dynamic ARP entries.

Setting the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries for an interface

An interface can dynamically learn ARP entries. To prevent an interface from holding too many ARP entries, you can set the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries that the interface can learn. When the maximum number is reached, the interface stops learning ARP entries.

You can set limits for both a Layer 2 interface and the VLAN interface for a permitted VLAN on the Layer 2 interface. The Layer 2 interface learns an ARP entry only when neither limit is reached.

To set the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries for an interface:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enter interface view.	interface interface-type interface-number	N/A
3. Set the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries for the interface.	arp max-learning-num number	By default, the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries that an interface can learn depends on the maximum free space of the ARP table. If the value of the number argument is set to 0, the interface is disabled from learning dynamic ARP entries.

Setting the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries

Each dynamic ARP entry in the ARP table has a limited lifetime, called an aging timer. The aging timer of a dynamic ARP entry is reset each time the dynamic ARP entry is updated. A dynamic ARP entry that is not updated before its aging timer expires is deleted from the ARP table.

To set the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Set the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries.	arp timer aging aging-time	By default, the aging time for dynamic ARP entries is 20 minutes.

Enabling dynamic ARP entry check

The dynamic ARP entry check function disables the device from supporting dynamic ARP entries that contain multicast MAC addresses. The device cannot learn dynamic ARP entries containing multicast MAC addresses. You cannot manually add static ARP entries containing multicast MAC addresses.

When dynamic ARP entry check is disabled, ARP entries containing multicast MAC addresses are supported. The device can learn dynamic ARP entries containing multicast MAC addresses obtained from the ARP packets sourced from a unicast MAC address. You can also manually add static ARP entries containing multicast MAC addresses.

To enable dynamic ARP entry check:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enable dynamic ARP entry check.	arp check enable	By default, dynamic ARP entry check is enabled.

Configuring a customer-side port

By default, the device associates an ARP entry with routing information when the device learns an ARP entry. The ARP entry provides the next hop information for routing. To save hardware resources, you can use this command to specify a port that connects a user terminal as a customer-side port. The device will not associate the routing information with the learned ARP entries.

To configure a customer-side port:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Create a VLAN interface and enter its view.	interface vlan-interface vlan-interface-id	If the VLAN interface exists, you directly enter its view.
3. Specify the VLAN interface as a customer-side port.	arp mode uni	By default, a port operates as a network-side port.

Enabling ARP logging

This function enables a device to log ARP events when ARP cannot resolve IP addresses correctly. The device can log the following ARP events:

· On a proxy ARP-disabled interface, the target IP address of a received ARP packet is not the IP address of the receiving interface.

· The sender IP address of a received ARP reply conflicts with the IP address of the receiving interface.

The device sends ARP log messages to the information center. You can use the info-center source command to specify the log output rules for the information center. For more information about information center, see Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide.

To enable the ARP logging function:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enable the ARP logging function.	arp check log enable	By default, ARP logging is disabled.

Displaying and maintaining ARP

IMPORTANT:

Clearing ARP entries from the ARP table might cause communication failures. Make sure the entries to be cleared do not affect current communications.

Execute display commands in any view and reset commands in user view.

Task	Command
Display ARP entries (in standalone mode).	display arp [ [ all \| dynamic \| multiport \| static ] [ slot slot-number ] \| vlan vlan-id \| interface interface-type interface-number ] [ count \| verbose ]
Display ARP entries (in IRF mode).	display arp [ [ all \| dynamic \| multiport \| static ] [ chassis chassis-number slot slot-number ] \| vlan vlan-id \| interface interface-type interface-number ] [ count \| verbose ]
Display the ARP entry for an IP address (in standalone mode).	display arp ip-address [ slot slot-number ] [ verbose ]
Display the ARP entry for an IP address (in IRF mode).	display arp ip-address [ chassis chassis-number slot slot-number ] [ verbose ]
Display the ARP entries for a VPN instance.	display arp vpn-instance vpn-instance-name [ count ]
Display the aging timer of dynamic ARP entries.	display arp timer aging
Clear ARP entries from the ARP table (in standalone mode).	reset arp { all \| dynamic \| interface interface-type interface-number \| multiport \| slot slot-number \| static }
Clear ARP entries from the ARP table (in IRF mode).	reset arp { all \| chassis chassis-number slot slot-number \| dynamic \| interface interface-type interface-number \| multiport \| static }

Configuration examples

Long static ARP entry configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 3, hosts are connected to the switch. The switch is connected to the router through interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 in VLAN 10.

To ensure secure communications between the router and switch, configure a long static ARP entry for the router on the switch.

Figure 3 Network diagram

Configuration procedure

# Create VLAN 10.

<Switch> system-view

[Switch] vlan 10

[Switch-vlan10] quit

# Add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 to VLAN 10.

[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port access vlan 10

[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

# Create VLAN-interface 10 and configure its IP address.

[Switch] interface vlan-interface 10

[Switch-vlan-interface10] ip address 192.168.1.2 8

[Switch-vlan-interface10] quit

# Configure a static ARP entry that has IP address 192.168.1.1, MAC address 00e0-fc01-0000, and output interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 in VLAN 10.

[Switch] arp static 192.168.1.1 00e0-fc01-0000 10 gigabitethernet 1/0/1

Verifying the configuration

# Verify that the switch has a long static ARP entry for the router.

[Switch] display arp static

Type: S-Static D-Dynamic O-Openflow M-Multiport I-Invalid

IP address MAC address VLAN Interface Aging Type

192.168.1.1 00e0-fc01-0000 10 GE1/0/1 N/A S

Short static ARP entry configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 4, hosts are connected to the switch. The switch is connected to the router through interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/2.

To ensure secure communications between the router and switch, configure a short static ARP entry for the router on the switch.

Figure 4 Network diagram

Configuration procedure

# Configure an IP address for GigabitEthernet 1/0/2.

<Switch> system-view

[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 192.168.1.2/24

[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

# Configure a static ARP entry that has IP address 192.168.1.1 and MAC address 00e0-fc01-001f.

[Switch] arp static 192.168.1.1 00e0-fc01-001f

Verifying the configuration

# Verify that the switch has a short static ARP entry for the router.

[Switch] display arp static

Type: S-Static D-Dynamic O-Openflow M-Multiport I-Invalid

IP address MAC address VLAN Interface Aging Type

192.168.1.1 00e0-fc01-001f N/A N/A N/A S

Multiport ARP entry configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 5, a switch connects to three servers through interfaces GigabitEthernet 1/0/1, GigabitEthernet 1/0/2, and GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 in VLAN 10. The servers share the IP address 192.168.1.1/24 and MAC address 00e0-fc01-0000.

Configure a multiport ARP entry so that the switch sends IP packets with the destination IP address 192.168.1.1 to the three servers.

Figure 5 Network diagram

Configuration procedure

# Create VLAN 10.

<Switch> system-view

[Switch] vlan 10

[Switch-vlan10] quit

# Add GigabitEthernet 1/0/1, GigabitEthernet 1/0/2, and GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 to VLAN 10.

[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port access vlan 10

[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port access vlan 10

[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[Switch] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] port access vlan 10

[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

# Create VLAN-interface 10 and specify its IP address.

[Switch] interface vlan-interface 10

[Switch-vlan-interface10] ip address 192.168.1.2 24

[Switch-vlan-interface10] quit

# Configure a multiport unicast MAC address entry that has MAC address 00e0-fc01-0000, and output interfaces GigabitEthernet 1/0/1, GigabitEthernet 1/0/2, and GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 in VLAN 10.

[Switch] mac-address multiport 00e0-fc01-0000 interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1 to gigabitethernet 1/0/3 vlan 10

# Configure a multiport ARP entry with IP address 192.168.1.1 and MAC address 00e0-fc01-0000.

[Switch] arp multiport 192.168.1.1 00e0-fc01-0000 10

Verifying the configuration

# Verify that the switch has a multiport ARP entry with IP address 192.168.1.1 and MAC address 00e0-fc01-0000.

[Switch] display arp

Type: S-Static D-Dynamic O-Openflow M-Multiport I-Invalid

IP address MAC address VLAN Interface Aging Type

192.168.1.1 00e0-fc01-0000 10 N/A N/A M

Configuring gratuitous ARP

Overview

In a gratuitous ARP packet, the sender IP address and the target IP address are the IP address of the sending device.

A device sends a gratuitous ARP packet for either of the following purposes:

· Determine whether its IP address is already used by another device. If the IP address is already used, the device is informed of the conflict by an ARP reply.

· Inform other devices of a MAC address change.

Gratuitous ARP packet learning

This function enables a device to create or update ARP entries by using the sender IP and MAC addresses in received gratuitous ARP packets.

When this function is disabled, the device uses received gratuitous ARP packets to update existing ARP entries only. ARP entries are not created based on the received gratuitous ARP packets, which saves ARP table space.

Periodic sending of gratuitous ARP packets

Enabling periodic sending of gratuitous ARP packets helps downstream devices update ARP entries or MAC entries in a timely manner.

This feature can implement the following functions:

· Prevent gateway spoofing.

Gateway spoofing occurs when an attacker uses the gateway address to send gratuitous ARP packets to the hosts on a network. The traffic destined for the gateway from the hosts is sent to the attacker instead. As a result, the hosts cannot access the external network.

To prevent such gateway spoofing attacks, you can enable the gateway to send gratuitous ARP packets at intervals. Gratuitous ARP packets contain the primary IP address and manually configured secondary IP addresses of the gateway, so hosts can learn correct gateway information.

· Prevent ARP entries from aging out.

If network traffic is heavy or if the host CPU usage is high, received ARP packets can be discarded or are not promptly processed. Eventually, the dynamic ARP entries on the receiving host age out. The traffic between the host and the corresponding devices is interrupted until the host re-creates the ARP entries.

To prevent this problem, you can enable the gateway to send gratuitous ARP packets periodically. Gratuitous ARP packets contain the primary IP address and manually configured secondary IP addresses of the gateway, so the receiving hosts can update ARP entries in a timely manner.

· Prevent the virtual IP address of a VRRP group from being used by a host.

The master router of a VRRP group can periodically send gratuitous ARP packets to the hosts on the local network. The hosts can then update local ARP entries and avoid using the virtual IP address of the VRRP group. The sender MAC address in the gratuitous ARP packet is the virtual MAC address of the virtual router. For more information about VRRP, see High Availability Configuration Guide.

Configuration procedure

The following conditions apply to the gratuitous ARP configuration:

· You can enable periodic sending of gratuitous ARP packets on a maximum of 1024 interfaces.

· Periodic sending of gratuitous ARP packets takes effect only when the link of the enabled interface goes up and an IP address has been assigned to the interface.

· If you change the interval for sending gratuitous ARP packets, the configuration is effective at the next sending interval.

· The frequency of sending gratuitous ARP packets might be much lower than the sending interval set by the user in any of the following circumstances:

¡ This function is enabled on multiple interfaces.

¡ Each interface is configured with multiple secondary IP addresses.

¡ A small sending interval is configured when the previous two conditions exist.

To configure gratuitous ARP:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enable learning of gratuitous ARP packets.	gratuitous-arp-learning enable	By default, learning of gratuitous ARP packets is enabled.
3. Enable the device to send gratuitous ARP packets upon receiving ARP requests whose sender IP address belongs to a different subnet.	gratuitous-arp-sending enable	By default, a device does not send gratuitous ARP packets upon receiving ARP requests whose sender IP address belongs to a different subnet.
4. Enter interface view.	interface interface-type interface-number	N/A
5. Enable periodic sending of gratuitous ARP packets and set the sending interval.	arp send-gratuitous-arp [ interval milliseconds ]	By default, periodic sending of gratuitous ARP packets is disabled.

Enabling IP conflict notification

By default, if the sender IP address of an ARP packet is being used by the receiving device, the receiving device sends a gratuitous ARP request. It also displays an error message after it receives an ARP reply about the conflict.

You can use this command to enable the device to display error messages before sending a gratuitous ARP reply or request for conflict confirmation.

To enable IP conflict notification:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enable IP conflict notification.	arp ip-conflict log prompt	By default, IP conflict notification is disabled.

Configuring proxy ARP

Proxy ARP enables a device on one network to answer ARP requests for an IP address on another network. With proxy ARP, hosts on different broadcast domains can communicate with each other as they would on the same broadcast domain.

Proxy ARP includes common proxy ARP and local proxy ARP.

· Common proxy ARP—Allows communication between hosts that connect to different Layer 3 interfaces and reside in different broadcast domains.

· Local proxy ARP—Allows communication between hosts that connect to the same Layer 3 interface and reside in different broadcast domains.

Enabling common proxy ARP

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enter interface view.	interface interface-type interface-number	The following interface types are supported: · VLAN interface. · Layer 3 Ethernet interface. · Layer 3 aggregate interface.
3. Enable common proxy ARP.	proxy-arp enable	By default, common proxy ARP is disabled.

Enabling local proxy ARP

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enter interface view.	interface interface-type interface-number	The following interface types are supported: · VLAN interface. · Layer 3 Ethernet interface. · Layer 3 aggregate interface.
3. Enable local proxy ARP.	local-proxy-arp enable [ ip-range startIP to endIP ]	By default, local proxy ARP is disabled.

Displaying proxy ARP

Execute display commands in any view.

Task	Command
Display common proxy ARP status.	display proxy-arp [ interface interface-type interface-number ]
Display local proxy ARP status.	display local-proxy-arp [ interface interface-type interface-number ]

Common proxy ARP configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 6, Host A and Host D have the same IP prefix and mask, but they are located on different subnets separated by the switch. Host A belongs to VLAN 1, and Host D belongs to VLAN 2. No default gateway is configured on Host A and Host D.

Configure common proxy ARP on the switch to enable communication between the two hosts.

Figure 6 Network diagram

Configuration procedure

# Create VLAN 2.

<Switch> system-view

[Switch] vlan 2

[Switch-vlan2] quit

# Configure the IP address of VLAN-interface 1.

[Switch] interface vlan-interface 1

[Switch-Vlan-interface1] ip address 192.168.10.99 255.255.255.0

# Enable common proxy ARP on VLAN-interface 1.

[Switch-Vlan-interface1] proxy-arp enable

[Switch-Vlan-interface1] quit

# Configure the IP address of VLAN-interface 2.

[Switch] interface vlan-interface 2

[Switch-Vlan-interface2] ip address 192.168.20.99 255.255.255.0

# Enable common proxy ARP on VLAN-interface 2.

[Switch-Vlan-interface2] proxy-arp enable

Verifying the configuration

# Verify that Host A and Host D can ping each other.

Configuring ARP snooping

ARP snooping is used in Layer 2 switching networks. It creates ARP snooping entries by using information in ARP packets. ARP fast-reply and manual-mode MFF can use the ARP snooping entries. For more information about MFF, see Security Configuration Guide.

If you enable ARP snooping on a VLAN, ARP packets received by any interface in the VLAN are redirected to the CPU. The CPU uses the sender IP and MAC addresses of the ARP packets, and receiving VLAN and port to create ARP snooping entries.

The aging time and valid period of an ARP snooping entry are 25 minutes and 15 minutes. If an ARP snooping entry is not updated in 15 minutes, it becomes invalid and cannot be used. After that, if an ARP packet matching the entry is received, the entry becomes valid, and its aging timer restarts. If the aging timer of an ARP entry expires, the entry is removed.

An ARP packet that has the same sender IP address as a valid ARP snooping entry, but with a different sender MAC address, is considered an attack. The ARP snooping entry becomes invalid, and is removed after 25 minutes.

Configuration procedure

To enable ARP snooping for a VLAN:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enter VLAN view.	vlan vlan-id	N/A
3. Enable ARP snooping	arp snooping enable	By default, ARP snooping is disabled.

Displaying and maintaining ARP snooping

Execute display commands in any view and reset commands in user view.

Task	Command
Display ARP snooping entries (in standalone mode).	display arp snooping [ vlan vlan-id ] [ slot slot-number ] [ count ] display arp snooping ip ip-address [ slot slot-number ]
Display ARP snooping entries (in IRF mode).	display arp snooping [ vlan vlan-id ] [ chassis chassis-number slot slot-number ] [ count ] display arp snooping ip ip-address [ chassis chassis-number slot slot-number ]
Remove ARP snooping entries.	reset arp snooping [ ip ip-address \| vlan vlan-id ]

Configuring ARP fast-reply

Overview

ARP fast-reply enables a device to directly answer ARP requests according to DHCP snooping entries or ARP snooping entries. ARP fast-reply functions in a VLAN. For information about DHCP snooping, see "Configuring DHCP snooping."

If the target IP address of a received ARP request is the IP address of the VLAN interface, the device delivers the request to the ARP module. If not, the device takes the following steps to process the packet:

1. Search the DHCP snooping table for a match by using the target IP address.

2. If a match is found, whether the device returns a reply depends on the type of interface in the matching entry.

¡ If the interface is the Ethernet interface that received the ARP request, the device does not return any reply.

¡ If the interface is a wireless interface or an Ethernet interface other than the receiving interface, the device returns a reply according to the matching entry.

3. If no matching DHCP snooping entry is found and ARP snooping is enabled, the device searches the ARP snooping table.

¡ If the interface in the matching entry is the Ethernet interface that received the ARP request, the device does not return any reply.

¡ If the interface is a wireless interface or an Ethernet interface other than the receiving interface, the device returns a reply according to the ARP snooping entry.

4. If no match is found in both tables, the ARP request is forwarded to other interfaces except the receiving interface in the VLAN, or delivered to other modules.

Configuration procedure

To improve the availability of ARP fast-reply, enable ARP snooping at the same time.

To configure ARP fast-reply:

Step	Command	Remarks
4. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
5. Enter VLAN view.	vlan vlan-id	N/A
6. Enable ARP fast-reply.	arp fast-reply enable	By default, ARP fast-reply is disabled.

ARP fast-reply configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 7, all clients are in VLAN 2, and access the network through the switch. They have obtained IP addresses through DHCP.

Enable ARP snooping and ARP fast-reply for VLAN 2. The switch directly returns an ARP reply without broadcasting received ARP requests in the VLAN.

Figure 7 Network diagram

Configuration procedure

# Enable ARP snooping for VLAN 2 on the switch.

<Switch> system-view

[Switch] vlan 2

[Switch-vlan2] arp snooping enable

# Enable ARP fast-reply for VLAN 2 on the switch.

[Switch-vlan2] arp fast-reply enable

[Switch-vlan2] quit

Configuring ARP proxy forwarding

With this feature enabled on an interface, the device does not issue static and dynamic ARP entries that use the interface as the output interface to the following interface modules:

· SC interface modules:

¡ LSQ1QGS4SC0.

¡ LSQM2GP24TSSC0.

¡ LSQM2GP44TSSC0.

¡ LSQM2GT24PTSSC0.

¡ LSQM2GT24TSSC0.

¡ LSQM2GT48SC0.

¡ LSQM4GV48SC0.

· SF interface module: LSQM2TGS16SF0.

When such an interface module receives a packet whose destination IP address resides on the same subnet as the interface, the interface module delivers the packet to an EC interface module for forwarding. This feature is supported only when the interface module and the EC interface module belong to the same MDC.

The interface module also delivers a packet to an EC interface module for forwarding when the following conditions are met:

· The packet matches a route.

· The next hop of the route uses the IP address in an ARP entry that uses the ARP proxy forwarding-enabled interface as the output interface.

When you configure ARP proxy forwarding, follow these restrictions and guidelines:

· This feature cannot operate with uRPF. For information about uRPF, see Security Configuration Guide.

· In an MPLS L3VPN network, a PE's interfaces bound to VPN instances do not support ARP proxy forwarding. For information about PE devices and VPN instances, see MPLS Configuration Guide.

To enable ARP proxy forwarding:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Create a VLAN interface and enter its view.	interface vlan-interface vlan-interface-id	You cannot create a VLAN interface for a nonexistent VLAN. If the VLAN interface exists, you directly enter its view.
3. Enable ARP proxy forwarding.	arp proxy-forwarding	By default, ARP proxy forwarding is disabled.

05-Layer 3 - IP Services Configuration Guide

Configuring ARP

Overview

ARP message format

Dynamic ARP entry

Static ARP entry

OpenFlow ARP entry

Configuring a static ARP entry

Setting the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries for an interface

Setting the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries

Configuration examples

Network requirements

Configuration procedure

Verifying the configuration

Short static ARP entry configuration example

Network requirements

Configuration procedure

Network requirements

Configuration procedure

Verifying the configuration

Configuration procedure

Enabling IP conflict notification

Configuring proxy ARP

Enabling common proxy ARP

Configuration procedure

Configuring ARP proxy forwarding

Cloud & AI

InterConnect

Intelligent Terminal Products

Product Support Services

Technical Service Solutions

Resource Center

Policy

Online Help

Become a Partner

Partner Resources

Partner Business Management

Company Information

News & Events

Contact Us