Ping, tracert, and system debugging commands 1

Ping and tracert commands 1

ping· 1

ping ipv6· 4

tracert 6

tracert ipv6· 7

System debugging commands 8

debugging· 8

display debugging· 9

 

Ping and tracert commands

ping

Syntax

ping [ ip ] [ -a source-ip | -c count | -f | -h ttl | -i interface-type interface-number | -m interval | -n | -p pad | -q | -r | -s packet-size | -t timeout | -tos tos | -v } ] * host

View

Any view

Default level

0: Visit level

Parameters

ip: Supports IPv4 protocol. If this keyword is not provided, IPv4 is also supported.

-a source-ip: Specifies the source IP address of an ICMP echo request (ECHO-REQUEST). It must be an IP address configured on the device. If this parameter is not provided, the source IP address of an ICMP echo request is the primary IP address of the outbound interface of the request.

-c count: Specifies the number of times that an ICMP echo request is sent, which ranges from 1 to 4294967295 and defaults to 5.

-f: Discards packets larger than the MTU of a given interface, which means the ICMP echo request is not allowed to be fragmented.

-h ttl: Specifies the TTL value for an ICMP echo request, which ranges from 1 to 255 and defaults to 255.

-i interface-type interface-number: Specifies the ICMP echo request sending interface by its type and number. If this parameter is not provided, the ICMP echo request sending interface is determined by searching the routing table or forwarding table according to the destination IP address.

-m interval: Specifies the interval (in milliseconds) to send an ICMP echo request, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 200.

·     If a response from the destination is received within the timeout time, the interval to send the next echo request equals the actual response period plus the value of interval.

·     If no response from the destination is received within the timeout time, the interval to send the next echo request equals the timeout value plus the value of interval.

-n: Disables domain name resolution for the host argument. When this keyword is not provided, if the host argument represents the host name of the destination, the device translates host into an address.

-p pad: Specifies the value of the pad field in an ICMP echo request, in hexadecimal format, 1 to 8 bits, in the range 0 to ffffffff. If the specified value is less than 8 bits, 0s are added in front of the value to extend it to 8 bits. For example, if pad is configured as 0x2f, then the packets are padded with 0x0000002f repeatedly to make the total length of the packet meet the requirements of the device. By default, the padded value starts from 0x01 up to 0xff, where another round starts again if necessary, like 0x010203…feff01….

-q: Presence of this keyword indicates that only statistics are displayed. Absence of this keyword indicates that all information is displayed.

-r: Records routing information. If this keyword is not provided, routes are not recorded.

-s packet-size: Specifies length (in bytes) of an ICMP echo request, which ranges from 20 to 8100 and defaults to 56.

-t timeout: Specifies the timeout value (in milliseconds) of an ICMP echo reply (ECHO-REPLY). If the source does not receive an ICMP echo reply within the timeout, it considers the ICMP echo reply timed out. The value ranges from 0 to 65535 and defaults to 2000.

-tos tos: Specifies type of service (ToS) of an echo request, which ranges from 0 to 255 and defaults to 0.

-v: Displays non ICMP echo reply received. If this keyword is not provided, the system does not display non ICMP echo reply.

host: IP address or host name (a string of 1 to 255 characters) of the destination.

Description

Use ping to verify whether the destination in an IP network is reachable, and to display the related statistics.

With the ping command executed, the source sends an ICMP echo request to the destination:

·     If the destination name is unrecognizable, the system outputs "Error:  Ping: Unknown host host-name".

·     If the source receives an ICMP echo reply from the destination within the timeout, the system outputs the related information of the reply.

·     If the source does not receive an ICMP echo reply from the destination within the timeout, the system outputs "Request time out".

To use the name of the destination host to perform the ping operation, you must configure Domain Name System (DNS) on the device first; otherwise, the ping operation fails. For more information about DNS, see Layer 3 Configuration Guide. In addition, you must use the command in the form of ping ip ip instead of ping ip if the destination name is a key word, such as ip.

Only the directly connected segment address can be pinged if the outbound interface is specified with the -i argument.

To abort the ping operation during the execution of the command, press Ctrl+C.

Examples

# Check whether the device with an IP address of 1.1.2.2 is reachable.

<Sysname> ping 1.1.2.2

  PING 1.1.2.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=205 ms

    Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms

    Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms

 

  --- 1.1.2.2 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 1/41/205 ms

The output shows the following:

·     The destination is reachable.

·     All ICMP echo requests sent by the source have got responses.

·     The minimum time, average time, and maximum time for the packet's roundtrip time are 1 ms, 41 ms, and 205 ms respectively.

# Check whether the device with an IP address of 1.1.2.2 is reachable. The route information is required to be displayed.

<Sysname> ping -r 1.1.2.2

  PING 1.1.2.2: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=53 ms

      Record Route:

         1.1.2.1

         1.1.2.2

         1.1.1.2

         1.1.1.1

    Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms

      Record Route:

         1.1.2.1

         1.1.2.2

         1.1.1.2

         1.1.1.1

    Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=1 ms

      Record Route:

         1.1.2.1

         1.1.2.2

         1.1.1.2

         1.1.1.1

    Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=1 ms

      Record Route:

         1.1.2.1

         1.1.2.2

         1.1.1.2

         1.1.1.1

    Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=1 ms

      Record Route:

         1.1.2.1

         1.1.2.2

         1.1.1.2

         1.1.1.1

 

  --- 1.1.2.2 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 1/11/53 ms

The output shows the following:

·     The destination is reachable.

·     The route is 1.1.1.1 <-> {1.1.1.2; 1.1.2.1} <-> 1.1.2.2.

Table 1 Command output

Field	Description
PING 1.1.2.2	Check whether the device with IP address 1.1.2.2 is reachable.
56 data bytes	Number of data bytes in each ICMP echo request.
press CTRL_C to break	During the execution of the command, you can press Ctrl+C to abort the ping operation.
Reply from 1.1.2.2 : bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=1 ms	Received the ICMP reply from the device whose IP address is 1.1.2.2. If no reply is received during the timeout period, "Request time out" will be displayed. ·     bytes—Indicates the number of data bytes in the ICMP reply. ·     Sequence—Indicates the packet sequence, used to determine whether a segment is lost, disordered or repeated. ·     ttl—Indicates the TTL value in the ICMP reply. ·     time—Indicates the response time.
Record Route:	The routers through which the ICMP echo request passed. They are displayed in inversed order, that is, the router with a smaller distance to the destination is displayed first.
--- 1.1.2.2 ping statistics ---	Statistics on data received and sent in the ping operation.
5 packet(s) transmitted	Number of ICMP echo requests sent.
5 packet(s) received	Number of ICMP echo requests received.
0.00% packet loss	Percentage of packets not responded to the total packets sent.
round-trip min/avg/max = 0/4/20 ms	Minimum/average/maximum response time, in ms. The field is not available for failed ping attempts in an IPv4 network. In an IPv6 network, however, the field is available and set to 0/0/0 ms.

 

ping ipv6

Syntax

ping ipv6 [ -a source-ipv6 | -c count | -m interval | -s packet-size | -t timeout ] * host [ -i interface-type interface-number ]

View

Any view

Default level

0: Visit level

Parameters

-a source-ipv6: Specifies the source IPv6 address of an ICMP echo request. It must be a legal IPv6 address configured on the device. If this parameter is not provided, the source IPv6 address of an ICMP echo request is the primary IPv6 address of the outbound interface of the request.

-c count: Specifies the number of times that an ICMPv6 echo request is sent, which ranges from 1 to 4294967295 and defaults to 5.

-m interval: Specifies the interval (in milliseconds) to send an ICMPv6 echo reply, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 200.

·     If a response from the destination is received within the timeout time, the interval to send the next echo request equals the actual response period plus the value of interval.

·     If no response from the destination is received within the timeout time, the interval to send the next echo request equals the timeout value plus the value of interval.

-s packet-size: Specifies length (in bytes) of an ICMPv6 echo request, which ranges from 20 to 8100 and defaults to 56.

-t timeout: Specifies the timeout value (in milliseconds) of an ICMPv6 echo reply, which ranges from 0 to 65535 and defaults to 2000.

host: IPv6 address or host name of the destination, which is a string of 1 to 46 characters.

-i interface-type interface-number: Specifies an outbound interface by its type and number. This parameter can be used only in case that the destination address is the link local address and the specified outbound interface must have a link local address (For more information about the configuration of link local address, see Layer 3 Configuration Guide). If this parameter is not provided, the ICMP echo request sending interface is determined by searching the routing table or forwarding table according to the destination IP address.

Description

Use ping ipv6 to verify whether an IPv6 address is reachable, and display the corresponding statistics.

To use the name of the destination host to perform the ping operation, you must configure DNS on the device first; otherwise, the ping operation fails. For more information about DNS, see Layer 3 Configuration Guide. You must use the command in the form of ping ipv6 ipv6 instead of ping ipv6 if the destination name is an ipv6 name.

To abort the ping ipv6 operation during the execution of the command, press Ctrl+C.

Examples

# Verify whether the IPv6 address 2001::1 is reachable.

<Sysname> ping ipv6 2001::1

  PING 2001::2 : 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 2001::1

    bytes=56 Sequence=1 hop limit=64  time = 62 ms

    Reply from 2001::1

    bytes=56 Sequence=2 hop limit=64  time = 26 ms

    Reply from 2001::1

    bytes=56 Sequence=3 hop limit=64  time = 20 ms

    Reply from 2001::1

    bytes=56 Sequence=4 hop limit=64  time = 4 ms

    Reply from 2001::1

    bytes=56 Sequence=5 hop limit=64  time = 16 ms

 

  --- 2001::2 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 4/25/62 ms

The "hop limit" field in this prompt information has the same meaning as the "ttl" field in the prompt information displayed by the IPv4 ping command, indicating the TTL value in the ICMPv6 echo request. For the description on other fields, see Table 1.

tracert

Syntax

tracert [ -a source-ip | -f first-ttl | -m max-ttl | -p port | -q packet-number } | -w timeout ] * host

View

Any view

Default level

0: Visit level

Parameters

-a source-ip: Specifies the source IP address of a tracert packet. It must be a legal IP address configured on the device. If this parameter is not provided, the source IP address of an ICMP echo request is the primary IP address of the outbound interface of the tracert packet.

-f first-ttl: Specifies the first TTL, or, the allowed number of hops for the first packet. It ranges from 1 to 255 and defaults to 1, and must be less than the maximum TTL.

-m max-ttl: Specifies the maximum TTL, or, the maximum allowed number of hops for a packet. It ranges from 1 to 255 and defaults to 30, and must be greater than the first TTL.

-p port: Specifies the UDP port number of the destination, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 33434. You do not need to modify this parameter.

-q packet-number: Specifies the number of probe packets sent each time, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 3.

-w timeout: Specifies the timeout time of the reply packet of a probe packet, which ranges from 1 to 65535 milliseconds and defaults to 5000 milliseconds.

host: IP address or host name (a string of 1 to 255 characters) of the destination.

Description

Use tracert to trace the path the packets traverse from source to destination.

After having identified network failure with the ping command, use tracert to determine the failed nodes.

Output from the tracert command includes IP addresses of all the Layer 3 devices the packets traverse from source to destination. If a device times out, asterisks(* * *) will be displayed.

To abort the tracert operation during the execution of the command, press Ctrl+C.

Examples

# Display the path the packets traverse from source to destination with an IP address of 1.1.2.2.

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] ip ttl-expires enable

[Sysname] ip unreachables enable

[Sysname] tracert 1.1.2.2

 traceroute to 1.1.2.2(1.1.2.2) 30 hops max,40 bytes packet, press CTRL_C to break

 1  1.1.1.2 673 ms 425 ms 30 ms

 2  1.1.2.2 580 ms 470 ms 80 ms

Table 2 Command output

Field	Description
traceroute to 1.1.2.2(1.1.2.2)	Display the route the IP packets traverse from the current device to the device whose IP address is 1.1.2.2.
hops max	Maximum number of hops of the probe packets, which can be set through the -m keyword.
bytes packet	Number of bytes of a probe packet.
press CTRL_C to break	During the execution of the command, you can press Ctrl+C to abort the tracert operation.
1  1.1.1.2 673 ms 425 ms 30 ms	The probe result of the probe packets whose TTL is 1, including the IP address of the first hop and the roundtrip time of three probe packets. Number of packets that can be sent in each probe can be set through the -q keyword.

 

tracert ipv6

Syntax

tracert ipv6 [ -f first-ttl | -m max-ttl | -p port | -q packet-number | -w timeout ] * host

View

Any view

Default level

0: Visit level

Parameters

-f first-ttl: Specifies the first TTL, or, the allowed number of hops for the first packet. It ranges from 1 to 255 and defaults to 1, and must be less than the maximum TTL.

-m max-ttl: Specifies the maximum TTL, or, the maximum allowed number of hops for a packet. It ranges from 1 to 255 and defaults to 30, and must be greater than the first TTL.

-p port: Specifies the UDP port number of the destination, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 33434. It is unnecessary to modify this parameter.

-q packet-number: Specifies the number of probe packets sent each time, which ranges from 1 to 65535 and defaults to 3.

-w timeout: Specifies the timeout time of the reply packet of a probe packet, which ranges from 1 to 65535 milliseconds and defaults to 5000 milliseconds.

host: IPv6 address or host name of the destination, which is a string of 1 to 46 characters.

Description

Use tracert ipv6 to view the path the IPv6 packets traverse from source to destination.

After having identified network failure with the ping command, you can use the tracert command to determine the failed nodes.

Output from the tracert ipv6 command includes IPv6 addresses of all the Layer 3 devices the packets traverse from source to destination. If a device times out, asterisks(* * *) will be displayed.

To abort the tracert operation during the execution of the command, press Ctrl+C.

Examples

# View the path the packets traverse from source to destination with IPv6 address 2001::1.

<Sysname> system-view

[Sysname] ip ttl-expires enable

[Sysname] ip unreachables enable

[Sysname] tracert ipv6 2001::1

 traceroute to 2001::1  30 hops max,60 bytes packet, press CTRL_C to break

 1  2001::1 3 ms <1 ms 19 ms

For description on the fields in the above output, see Table 2.

System debugging commands

debugging

Syntax

debugging { all [ timeout time ] | module-name [ option ] }

undo debugging { all | module-name [ option ] }

View

User view

Default level

1: Monitor level

Parameters

all: All debugging functions.

timeout time: Specifies the timeout time for the debugging all command. When all debugging is enabled, the system automatically executes the undo debugging all command after the time. The value ranges from 1 to 1440, in minutes.

module-name: Module name, such as arp or device. To display the current module name, use the debugging ? command.

option: The debugging option for a specific module. Different modules have different debugging options in terms of their number and content. To display the currently supported options, use the debugging module-name ? command.

Description

Use debugging to enable the debugging of a specific module.

Use undo debugging to disable the debugging of a specific module.

By default, debugging functions for all modules are disabled.

Output of the debugging information may degrade system efficiency, so you are recommended to enable the debugging of the corresponding module for diagnosing network failure, and not to enable the debugging of multiple modules at the same time.

Default level describes the default level of the debugging all command. Different debugging commands may have different default levels.

You must configure the debugging, terminal debugging and terminal monitor commands first to display detailed debugging information on the terminal. For more information about the terminal debugging and terminal monitor commands, see "Information center configuration commands."

Related commands: display debugging.

Examples

# Enable IP packet debugging.

<Sysname> debugging ip packet

display debugging

Syntax

display debugging [ interface interface-type interface-number ] [ module-name ] [ | { begin | exclude | include } regular-expression ]

View

Any view

Default level

1: Monitor level

Parameters

interface interface-type interface-number: Displays the debugging settings of the specified interface, where interface-type interface-number represents the interface type and number.

module-name: Module name.

|: Filters command output by specifying a regular expression. For more information about regular expressions, see Fundamentals Configuration Guide.

begin: Displays the first line that matches the specified regular expression and all lines that follow.

exclude: Displays all lines that do not match the specified regular expression.

include: Displays all lines that match the specified regular expression.

regular-expression: Specifies a regular expression, a case-sensitive string of 1 to 256 characters.

Description

Use display debugging to display enabled debugging functions.

Related commands: debugging.

Examples

# Display all enabled debugging functions.

<Sysname> display debugging

IP packet debugging is on