The first time you access the device, you can only log in to the CLI through the console port unless the device is automatically configured at startup. After login, you can change console login parameters or configure other access methods.

In login management related descriptions, it is assumed that the device does not enter the automatic configuration process at startup.

Using the console port for the first device access

About this task

Console login is the fundamental login method.

Prerequisites

To log in through the console port, prepare a terminal, for example, a PC. Make sure the terminal has a terminal emulation program, such as HyperTerminal or PuTTY. For information about how to use terminal emulation programs, see the programs' user guides.

Procedure

1. Turn off the PC.

The serial ports on PCs do not support hot swapping. Before connecting a cable to or disconnecting a cable from a serial port on a PC, you must turn off the PC.

2. Find the console cable shipped with the device and connect the DB-9 female connector of the console cable to the serial port of the PC.

3. Identify the console port of the device carefully and connect the RJ-45 connector of the console cable to the console port.

IMPORTANT:

To connect a PC to an operating device, first connect the PC end. To disconnect a PC from an operating device, first disconnect the device end.

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Figure 1 Connecting a terminal to the console port

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4. Turn on the PC.

5. On the PC, launch the terminal emulation program, and create a connection that uses the serial port connected to the device. Set the port properties so the port properties match the following console port default settings:

¡ Bits per second—9600 bps.

¡ Flow control—None.

¡ Parity—None.

¡ Stop bits—1.

¡ Data bits—8.

6. Power on the device and press Enter as prompted.

The user view prompt appears. You can enter commands to configure or manage the device. To get help, enter a question mark (?).

Configuring CLI login

About CLI login

The device uses user lines (also called user interfaces) to manage CLI sessions and monitor user behavior. For a user line, you can configure access control settings, including the login authentication method and user roles.

User lines

User line types

The device supports the following types of user lines, and different user lines require different login methods:

· AUX line—Login through the console port.

· Virtual type terminal (VTY) line—Telnet or SSH login.

User line numbering

A user line has an absolute number and a relative number.

An absolute number uniquely identifies a user line among all user lines. The user lines are numbered starting from 0 and incrementing by 1, in the sequence of AUX and VTY lines. You can use the display line command without any parameters to view supported user lines and their absolute numbers.

A relative number uniquely identifies a user line among all user lines of the same type. The number format is user line type + number. All user lines are numbered starting from 0 and incrementing by 1. For example, the first VTY line is VTY 0.

User line assignment

The device assigns user lines to CLI login users depending on their login methods, as described in "User lines." When a user logs in, the device checks the idle user lines for the login method, and assigns the lowest numbered user line to the user. For example, if VTY 0 and VTY 3 are idle when a user Telnets to the device, the device assigns VTY 0 to the user.

Each user line can be assigned only to one user at a time. If no user line is available, a CLI login attempt will be rejected.

Login authentication modes

You can configure login authentication to prevent illegal access to the device CLI.

The device supports the following login authentication modes:

· None—Disables authentication. This mode allows access without authentication and is insecure.

· Password—Requires password authentication. A user must provide the correct password at login.

· Scheme—Uses the AAA module to provide local or remote login authentication. A user must provide the correct username and password at login.

Different login authentication modes require different user line configurations, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Configuration required for different login authentication modes

Authentication mode	Configuration tasks
None	Set the authentication mode to none.
Password	1. Set the authentication mode to password. 2. Set a password.
Scheme	Set the authentication mode to scheme.
Scheme	Set the authentication mode to scheme.

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User roles

A user is assigned user roles at login. The user roles control the commands available for the user. For more information about user roles, see RBAC configuration in the configuration guide for the device.

The device assigns user roles based on the login authentication mode and user type.

· In none or password authentication mode, the device assigns the user roles specified for the user line.

· In scheme authentication mode, the device uses the following rules to assign user roles:

¡ For an SSH login user who uses publickey or password-publickey authentication, the device assigns the user roles specified for the local device management user with the same name.

¡ For other users, the device assigns user roles according to the user role configuration of the AAA module. If the AAA server does not assign any user roles and the default user role feature is disabled, a remote AAA authentication user cannot log in.

Restrictions and guidelines: CLI login configuration

For commands that are available in both user line view and user line class view, the following rules apply:

· A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

· A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over the default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over the non-default setting in user line class view.

· A setting in user line class view takes effect only on users who log in after the setting is made. It does not affect users who are already online when the setting is made.

Configuring console login

About console login

You can connect a terminal to the console port of the device to log in and manage the device, as shown in Figure 2. For information about the login procedure, see "Using the console port for the first device access."

Figure 2 Logging in through the console port

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By default, console login is enabled and does not require authentication. The default user role is network-admin for a console user. To improve device security, configure password or scheme authentication for console login immediately after you log in to the device for the first time.

Restrictions and guidelines

A console login configuration change takes effect only on users who log in after the change is made. It does not affect users who are already online when the change is made.

Console login configuration tasks at a glance

To configure console login, perform the following tasks:

1. Configuring console login authentication

¡ Disabling authentication for console login

¡ Configuring password authentication for console login

¡ Configuring scheme authentication for console login

2. (Optional.) Configuring common console login settings

Configuring console login authentication

Disabling authentication for console login

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter AUX line view or class view.

¡ Enter AUX line view.

line aux first-number [ last-number ]

¡ Enter AUX line class view.

line class aux

3. Disable authentication.

authentication-mode none

By default, authentication is disabled for console login.

CAUTION:

When authentication is disabled, users can log in to the device through the line or line class without authentication. For security purpose, disable authentication with caution.

4. Assign a user role.

user-role role-name

By default, a console user is assigned the network-admin user role.

Configuring password authentication for console login

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter AUX line view or class view.

¡ Enter AUX line view.

line aux first-number [ last-number ]

¡ Enter AUX class view.

line class aux

3. Enable password authentication.

authentication-mode password

By default, authentication is disabled for console login.

4. Set a password.

set authentication password { hash | simple } password

By default, no password is set.

5. Assign a user role.

user-role role-name

By default, a console user is assigned the network-admin user role.

Configuring scheme authentication for console login

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter AUX line view or class view.

¡ Enter AUX line view.

line aux first-number [ last-number ]

¡ Enter AUX line class view.

line class aux

3. Enable scheme authentication.

authentication-mode scheme

By default, authentication is disabled for console login.

CAUTION:

When you enable scheme authentication, make sure an authentication user account is available. If no authentication user account is available, you cannot log in to the device through the line or line class at the next time.

Configuring common console login settings

Restrictions and guidelines

Some common console login settings take effect immediately and can interrupt the current session. Use a login method different from console login to log in to the device before you change console, login settings.

After you change console login settings, adjust the settings on the configuration terminal accordingly for a successful login.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter AUX line view or class view.

¡ Enter AUX line view.

line aux first-number [ last-number ]

¡ Enter AUX line class view.

line class aux

3. Configure transmission parameters.

¡ Set the transmission rate.

speed speed-value

By default, the transmission rate is 9600 bps.

This command is not available in user line class view.

¡ Specify the parity mode.

parity { even | mark | none | odd | space }

By default, a user line does not use parity.

This command is not available in user line class view.

¡ Configure flow control.

flow-control { none | software }

By default, the device does not perform flow control.

This command is not available in user line class view.

¡ Specify the number of data bits for a character.

databits { 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 }

The default is 8.

This command is not available in user line class view.

Parameter	Description
7	Uses standard ASCII characters.
8	Uses extended ASCII characters.

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¡ Specify the number of stop bits for a character.

stopbits { 1 | 1.5 | 2 }

The default is 1.

Stop bits indicate the end of a character. The more the stop bits, the slower the transmission.

This command is not available in user line class view.

4. Configure terminal attributes.

¡ Enable the terminal service.

shell

Be default, the terminal service is enabled on all user lines.

The undo shell command is not available in AUX line view.

¡ Specify the terminal display type.

terminal type { ansi | vt100 }

By default, the terminal display type is ANSI.

The device supports ANSI and VT100 terminal display types. As a best practice, specify VT100 type on both the device and the configuration terminal. You can also specify the ANSI type for both sides, but a display problem might occur if a command line has more than 80 characters.

¡ Set the maximum number of lines of command output to send to the terminal at a time.

screen-length screen-length

By default, the device sends a maximum of 24 lines to the terminal at a time.

To disable pausing between screens of output, set the value to 0.

¡ Set the size for the command history buffer.

history-command max-size value

By default, the buffer size is 10. The buffer for a user line can save a maximum of 10 history commands.

¡ Set the CLI connection idle-timeout timer.

idle-timeout minutes [ seconds ]

By default, the CLI connection idle-timeout timer is 10 minutes.

If no interaction occurs between the device and the user within the idle-timeout interval, the system automatically terminates the user connection on the user line.

If you set the timeout timer to 0, the connection will not be aged out.

5. Specify the command to be automatically executed for login users on the lines.

auto-execute command command

By default, no command is specified for auto execution.

CAUTION:

Use this command with caution. If this command is used on a user line, users that log in to the device through this user line might fail to configure the system.

The device will automatically execute the specified command when a user logs in through the user line, and close the user connection after the command is executed.

This command is not available in AUX line view or AUX line class view.

6. Configure shortcut keys.

¡ Specify the terminal session activation key.

activation-key character

By default, pressing Enter starts the terminal session.

¡ Specify the escape key.

escape-key { character | default }

By default, pressing Ctrl+C terminates a command.

¡ Set the user line locking key.

lock-key key-string

By default, no user line locking key is set.

Configuring Telnet login

About Telnet login

The device can act as a Telnet server to allow Telnet login, or as a Telnet client to Telnet to other devices.

Restrictions and guidelines

A Telnet login configuration change takes effect only on users who log in after the change is made. It does not affect users who are already online when the change is made.

Telnet might be insecure because it transmits all data in plaintext form.

Configuring the device as a Telnet server

Telnet server configuration tasks at a glance

To configure the device as a Telnet server, perform the following tasks:

1. Enabling the Telnet server

2. Configuring Telnet login authentication

¡ Disabling authentication for Telnet login

¡ Configuring password authentication for Telnet login

¡ Configuring scheme authentication for Telnet login

3. (Optional.) Configuring common Telnet server settings

4. (Optional.) Configuring common VTY line settings

Enabling the Telnet server

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enable the Telnet server.

telnet server enable

By default, the Telnet server is disabled.

Disabling authentication for Telnet login

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter VTY line view or class view.

¡ Enter VTY line view.

line vty first-number [ last-number ]

¡ Enter VTY line class view.

line class vty

3. Disable authentication.

authentication-mode none

By default, password authentication is enabled for Telnet login.

CAUTION:

When authentication is disabled, users can log in to the device through the line or line class without authentication. For security purpose, disable authentication with caution.

In VTY line view, this command is associated with the protocol inbound command. If one command has a non-default setting in VTY line view, the other command uses its setting in VTY line view, regardless of its setting in VTY line class view.

4. (Optional.) Assign a user role.

user-role role-name

By default, a VTY line user is assigned the network-operator user role.

Configuring password authentication for Telnet login

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter VTY line view or class view.

¡ Enter VTY line view.

line vty first-number [ last-number ]

¡ Enter VTY line class view.

line class vty

3. Enable password authentication.

authentication-mode password

By default, password authentication is enabled for Telnet login.

CAUTION:

When you enable password authentication, you must also configure an authentication password for the line or line class. If no authentication password is configured, you cannot log in to the device through the line or line class at the next time.

4. Set a password.

set authentication password { hash | simple } password

By default, no password is set.

5. (Optional.) Assign a user role.

user-role role-name

By default, a VTY line user is assigned the network-operator user role.

Configuring scheme authentication for Telnet login

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter VTY line view or class view.

¡ Enter VTY line view.

line vty first-number [ last-number ]

¡ Enter VTY line class view.

line class vty

3. Enable scheme authentication.

authentication-mode scheme

By default, password authentication is enabled for Telnet login.

CAUTION:

Configuring common Telnet server settings

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Set the DSCP value for outgoing Telnet packets.

IPv4:

telnet server dscp dscp-value

IPv6:

telnet server ipv6 dscp dscp-value

By default, the DSCP value is 48.

The DSCP value is carried in the ToS field of an IPv4 packet and in the Traffic class field of an IPv6 packet to indicate the packet transmission priority.

3. Specify the Telnet service port number.

IPv4:

telnet server port port-number

IPv6:

telnet server ipv6 port port-number

By default, the Telnet service port number is 23.

4. Set the maximum number of concurrent Telnet users.

aaa session-limit telnet max-sessions

By default, the maximum number of concurrent Telnet users is 32.

Changing this setting does not affect users who are currently online. If the new limit is less than the number of online Telnet users, no additional users can Telnet in until the number drops below the new limit.

Configuring common VTY line settings

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Enter VTY line view or class view.

¡ Enter VTY line view.

line vty first-number [ last-number ]

¡ Enter VTY line class view.

line class vty

3. Configure VTY terminal attributes.

¡ Enable the terminal service.

shell

By default, the terminal service is enabled on all user lines.

¡ Specify the terminal display type.

terminal type { ansi | vt100 }

By default, the terminal display type is ANSI.

¡ Set the maximum number of lines of command output to send to the terminal at a time.

screen-length screen-length

By default, the device sends a maximum of 24 lines to the terminal at a time.

To disable pausing between screens of output, set the value to 0.

¡ Set the size for the command history buffer.

history-command max-size value

By default, the buffer size is 10. The buffer for a user line can save a maximum of 10 history commands.

¡ Set the CLI connection idle-timeout timer.

idle-timeout minutes [ seconds ]

By default, the CLI connection idle-timeout timer is 10 minutes.

If no interaction occurs between the device and the user within the idle-timeout interval, the system automatically terminates the user connection on the user line.

If you set the timeout timer to 0, the connection will not be aged out.

4. Specify the supported protocols.

protocol inbound { all | ssh | telnet }

By default, Telnet and SSH are supported.

A protocol change takes effect only on users who log in after the setting is made. It does not affect users who are already online when the setting is made.

In VTY line view, this command is associated with the authentication-mode command. If one command has a non-default setting in VTY line view, the other command uses its setting in VTY line view, regardless of its setting in VTY line class view.

5. Specify the command to be automatically executed for login users on the user lines.

auto-execute command command

By default, no command is specified for auto execution.

IMPORTANT:

Before you execute this command and save the configuration, make sure you can access the CLI to modify the configuration through other VTY lines or AUX lines.

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For a VTY line, you can specify a command that is to be automatically executed when a user logs in. After executing the specified command, the system automatically disconnects the Telnet session.

6. Configure shortcut keys.

¡ Specify the shortcut key for terminating a task.

escape-key { character | default }

The default setting is Ctrl+C.

¡ Set the user line locking key.

lock-key key-string

By default, no user line locking key is set.

Using the device to log in to a Telnet server

About this task

You can use the device as a Telnet client to log in to a Telnet server.

Figure 3 Telnetting from the device to a Telnet server

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Prerequisites

Assign an IP address to the device and obtain the IP address of the Telnet server. If the device resides on a different subnet than the Telnet server, make sure the device and the Telnet server can reach each other.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. (Optional.) Specify the source IPv4 address or source interface for outgoing Telnet packets.

telnet client source { interface interface-type interface-number | ip ip-address }

By default, no source IPv4 address or source interface is specified. The device uses the primary IPv4 address of the output interface as the source address for outgoing Telnet packets.

3. Return to user view.

quit

4. Use the device to log in to a Telnet server.

IPv4:

telnet remote-host [ service-port ] [ source { interface interface-type interface-number | ip ip-address } | dscp dscp-value ] *

IPv6:

telnet ipv6 remote-host [ -i interface-type interface-number ] [ port-number ] [ source { interface interface-type interface-number | ipv6 ipv6-address } | dscp dscp-value ] *

Configuring SSH login

About SSH login

SSH offers a secure remote login method. By providing encryption and strong authentication, it protects devices against attacks such as IP spoofing and plaintext password interception. For more information, see SSH configuration in the configuration guide for the device.

The device can act as an SSH server to allow Telnet login, or as an SSH client to log in to an SSH server.

Configuring the device as an SSH server

About this task

This section provides the SSH server configuration procedure used when the SSH client authentication method is password. For more information about SSH and publickey authentication configuration, see SSH configuration in the configuration guide for the device.

Procedure

1. Enter system view.

system-view

2. Create local key pairs.

public-key local create { dsa | ecdsa [ secp192r1 | secp256r1 | secp384r1 | secp521r1 ] | rsa } [ name key-name ]

3. Enable the SSH server.

ssh server enable

By default, the SSH server is disabled.

4. (Optional.) Create an SSH user and specify the authentication mode.

ssh user username service-type stelnet authentication-type password

5. Enter VTY line view or class view.

¡ Enter VTY line view.

line vty first-number [ last-number ]

¡ Enter VTY line class view.

line class vty

6. Enable scheme authentication.

authentication-mode scheme

By default, password authentication is enabled for VTY lines.

CAUTION:

7. (Optional.) Specify the protocols for the user lines to support.

protocol inbound { all | ssh | telnet }

By default, Telnet and SSH are supported.

A protocol change takes effect only on users who log in after the setting is made. It does not affect users who are already online when the setting is made.

8. (Optional.) Set the maximum number of concurrent SSH users.

aaa session-limit ssh max-sessions

By default, the maximum number of concurrent SSH users is 32.

Changing this setting does not affect users who are currently online. If the new limit is less than the number of online SSH users, no additional SSH users can log in until the number drops below the new limit.

9. (Optional.) Configure common settings for VTY lines:

a. Return to system view.

quit

b. Configure common settings for VTY lines.

See "Configuring common VTY line settings."

Using the device to log in to an SSH server

About this task

You can use the device as an SSH client to log in to an SSH server.

Figure 4 Logging in to an SSH server from the device

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Prerequisites

Assign an IP address to the device and obtain the IP address of the SSH server. If the device resides on a different subnet than the SSH server, make sure the device and the SSH server can reach each other.

Procedure

To use the device to log in to an SSH server, execute one of the following commands in user view:

IPv4:

ssh2 server

IPv6:

ssh2 ipv6 server

To work with the SSH server, you might need to specify a set of parameters. For more information, see SSH configuration in the configuration guide for the device.

Display and maintenance commands for CLI login

Execute display commands in any view.

Task	Command	Remarks
Display user line information.	display line [ num1 \| { aux \| vty } num2 ] [ summary ]	N/A
Display the packet source setting for the Telnet client.	display telnet client	N/A
Display online CLI users.	display users [ all ]	N/A
Release a user line.	free line { num1 \| { aux \| vty } num2 }	Multiple users can log in to the device to simultaneously configure the device. When necessary, you can execute this command to release some connections. You cannot use this command to release the connection you are using or a redirected Telnet connection. This command is available in user view.
Lock the current user line and set the password for unlocking the line.	lock	By default, the system does not lock any user lines. This command is available in user view.
Lock the current user line and enable unlocking authentication.	lock reauthentication	By default, the system does not lock any user lines or initiate reauthentication. To unlock the locked user line, you must press Enter and provide the login password to pass reauthentication. This command is available in any view.
Send messages to user lines.	send { all \| num1 \| { aux \| vty } num2 }	This command is available in user view.

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Accessing the device through SNMP

You can run SNMP on an NMS to access the device MIB and perform Get and Set operations to configure and manage the device.

Figure 5 SNMP access diagram

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For more information, see SNMP configuration in the configuration guide for the device.

H3C S6116 Ultra-Low Latency Switch Series Configuration Guide-Release 671x-6W101

About this task

Prerequisites

Procedure

User line types

User line assignment

Configuring common console login settings

Restrictions and guidelines

Procedure

Configuring Telnet login

About Telnet login

Configuring the device as a Telnet server

Telnet server configuration tasks at a glance

Configuring password authentication for Telnet login

Configuring scheme authentication for Telnet login

Configuring common VTY line settings

Using the device to log in to a Telnet server

About this task

Procedure

Configuring the device as an SSH server

About this task

Procedure

Using the device to log in to an SSH server

About this task

Prerequisites

Procedure

Display and maintenance commands for CLI login

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