Contents

Upgrading software· 1

About software upgrade· 1

Software types· 1

Software release forms· 1

Upgrade methods· 2

Software image loading· 2

Application scenarios· 3

Digitally signed software images· 3

Restrictions and guidelines: Software upgrade· 3

Upgrading device software by using the boot loader method· 4

Restrictions and guidelines· 4

Software upgrade tasks at a glance· 4

Prerequisites· 4

Specifying startup images and completing the upgrade· 4

Enabling automatic software synchronization from the active MPU to the standby MPU· 5

Synchronizing startup images from the active MPU to the standby MPU· 6

Verifying and maintaining software images· 7

Displaying software images and version information· 7

Displaying and clearing startup software image upgrade records· 7

Software upgrade examples· 7

Example: Upgrading device software· 7

Upgrading software

About software upgrade

Software upgrade enables you to upgrade a software version, add new features, and fix software bugs. This chapter describes software types and release forms, compares software upgrade methods, and provides the procedures for upgrading software from the CLI.

Software types

The following software types are available:

·     BootWare image—Also called the Boot ROM image. This image contains a basic segment and an extended segment.

¡     The basic segment is the minimum code that bootstraps the system.

¡     The extended segment enables hardware initialization and provides system management menus. When the device cannot start up correctly, you can use the menus to load software and the startup configuration file or manage files.

Typically, the BootWare image is integrated into the Boot image to avoid software compatibility errors.

·     Comware image—Includes the following image subcategories:

¡     Boot image—A .bin file that contains the Linux operating system kernel. It provides process management, memory management, file system management, and the emergency shell.

¡     System image—A .bin file that contains the Comware kernel and standard features, including device management, interface management, configuration management, and routing.

¡     Feature image—A .bin file that contains advanced or customized software features. You can purchase feature images as needed.

¡     Patch image—A .bin file that is released for fixing bugs without rebooting the device. A patch image does not add or remove features.

Patch images have the following types: incremental and non-incremental.

-     Incremental patch images—Multiple incremental patch images can coexist on the device at the same time. A new patch image can cover all, part, or none of the functions provided by an old patch image.

-     Non-incremental patch images—Only one non-incremental patch image can exist on the device. The device uninstalls the old non-incremental patch image before installing a new non-incremental patch image. A new non-incremental patch image covers all functions provided by an old non-incremental patch image.

An incremental patch image and a non-incremental patch image can coexist on the device.

Comware images that have been loaded are called current software images. Comware images specified to load at the next startup are called startup software images.

BootWare image, boot image, and system image are required for the device to operate.

Software release forms

Software images are released in one of the following forms:

·     Separate .bin files. You must verify compatibility between software images.

·     As a whole in one .ipe package file. The images in an .ipe package file are compatible. The system decompresses the file automatically, loads the .bin images and sets them as startup software images.

 

	NOTE: Software image file names use the model-comware version-image type-release format. This document uses boot.bin and system.bin as boot and system image file names.

 

Upgrade methods

Upgrade method	Software types	Remarks
Upgrading from the CLI by using the boot loader method	·     BootWare image ·     Comware images	This method is disruptive. You must reboot the entire device to complete the upgrade.
Upgrading from the BootWare menu	·     BootWare image ·     Comware images	Use this method when the device cannot start up correctly. To use this method, first connect to the console port and power cycle the device. Then, press Ctrl+B at prompt to access the BootWare menu. For more information about upgrading software from the BootWare menu, see the release notes for the software version.  IMPORTANT: Use this method only when you do not have any other choice.

 

This chapter covers only upgrading software from the CLI by using the boot loader method.

Software image loading

Startup software images

To upgrade software, you must specify the upgrade files as the startup software images for the device to load at next startup. You can specify two lists of software images: one main and one backup. The device first loads the main startup software images. If the main startup software images are not available, the devices loads the backup startup software images.

Image loading process at startup

At startup, the device performs the following operations after loading and initializing BootWare:

1.     Loads main images.

2.     If any main image does not exist or is invalid, loads the backup images.

3.     If any backup image does not exist or is invalid, checks the main or backup boot image.

4.     If the main or backup boot image exist and is valid, enters the emergency shell.

If both the main and backup boot images do not exist or are invalid, the device cannot start up.

Handling the emergency shell process or image loading failure

After the device enters the emergency shell, connect to the console port and load a system image so you can access the Comware system. For more information about using the emergency shell, see "Using the emergency shell."

If the device fails to load the images, connect to the console port, power cycle the device, and use the BootWare menu to load new startup images.

Application scenarios

Software upgrade

When the current software cannot meet the requirements of network operation or user services, you can upgrade the software to optimize device performance to meet the requirements.

Feature and patch package installation

To fix software defects without upgrading the software version, you can install patch packages compatible with the software version. To expand service features on the device, you can install the corresponding feature packages.

Digitally signed software images

The software images for the device are digitally signed for authenticity and integrity verification. This mechanism ensures that the software installed on the system is from a trusted source and has not been tampered with in the transfer, storage, or installation phase.

The system performs software digital signature verification for authenticity and integrity in the following situations:

·     Before the system loads a software image during startup. If the digital signature verification fails, the system will not load the image and you will receive a digital signature verification failure message.

·     When you specify a software image to upgrade the device from the BootWare menu. If the digital signature verification fails, the system will not set the image for upgrade and you will receive a digital signature verification failure message.

·     Before the system loads a BootWare image to the Normal area of BootWare. If the digital signature verification fails, the system will not load the image and you will receive a digital signature verification failure message.

·     When you specify a software image as a startup image through the boot loader. The system will verify the digital signature of the image before it updates the startup image list with the specified image. If the digital signature verification fails, the system will not update the startup image list and you will receive a digital signature verification failure message.

·     Before the system activates a feature or patch image. If the digital signature verification fails, the system will not activate the image and you will receive a digital signature verification failure message.

Restrictions and guidelines: Software upgrade

Do not execute the install or boot-loader command before the current upgrade action completes.

As a best practice, store the startup images in a fixed storage medium. If you store the startup images in a hot swappable storage medium, do not remove the hot swappable storage medium during the startup process.

Upgrading device software by using the boot loader method

Restrictions and guidelines

When you upgrade software, you do not need to upgrade interface cards separately. The software images for interface cards are integrated in the software images for MPUs. The interface cards are upgraded automatically when you upgrade MPUs.

Software upgrade tasks at a glance

To upgrade software, perform one of the following tasks:

·     Upgrading the device

·     Synchronizing startup images from the active MPU to standby MPUs

Upgrading the device

1.     Specifying startup images and completing the upgrade

Synchronizing startup images from the active MPU to standby MPUs

·     Enabling automatic software synchronization from the active MPU to the standby MPU

This feature enables a newly added MPU to synchronize the software images running on the active MPU. By default, this feature is enabled.

·     Synchronizing startup images from the active MPU to the standby MPU

Perform this task when the startup images on the standby MPU are not the same version as those on the active MPU.

Perform this task when the startup images on a global standby MPU are not the same version as those on the global active MPU.

Prerequisites

1.     Use the display version command to verify the current BootWare image version and startup software version.

2.     Use the release notes for the upgrade software version to evaluate the upgrade impact on your network and verify the following items:

¡     Software and hardware compatibility.

¡     Version and size of the upgrade software.

¡     Compatibility of the upgrade software with the current BootWare image and startup software image.

3.     Use the dir command to verify that all MPUs have sufficient storage space for the upgrade images. If the storage space is not sufficient, delete unused files by using the delete /unreserved command. For more information, see "Managing file systems."

4.     Use FTP or TFTP to transfer the upgrade image file to the root directory of a file system. For more information about FTP and TFTP, see "Configuring FTP" or "Configuring TFTP." For more information about file systems, see "Managing file systems."

Specifying startup images and completing the upgrade

Perform the following steps in user view:

1.     Specify main or backup startup images for all MPUs.

¡     Use an .ipe file:

boot-loader file ipe-filename [ patch filename&<1-30> ] all { backup | main [ undecompressed ] }

¡     Use .bin files:

boot-loader file boot filename system filename [ feature filename&<1-30> ] [ patch filename&<1-30> ] { all | slot slot-number } { backup | main }

The command copies the specified startup images to the root directory of the default file system on each MPU.

 

	NOTE: The system will verify the digital signature of the specified images before it updates the startup image list with the specified images. If the digital signature verification fails, the system will not update the startup image list and you will receive a digital signature verification failure message.

 

As a best practice in a multichassis IRF fabric, specify the all keyword for the command. If you use the slot slot-number option to upgrade member devices one by one, version inconsistencies occur among the member devices during the upgrade.

2.     Save the running configuration.

save

This step ensures that any configuration you have made can survive a reboot.

3.     Reboot the device.

reboot

4.     (Optional.) Verify the software image settings.

display boot-loader [ slot slot-number ]

Verify that the current software images are the same as the startup software images.

Enabling automatic software synchronization from the active MPU to the standby MPU

About this task

To make sure the standby MPU always runs the same software images as the active MPU, enable both startup software version check and automatic software synchronization for the standby MPU.

This feature ensures version consistency between standby MPUs and the active MPU.

When the standby MPU starts up, this feature examines its startup software images for version inconsistency with the current software images on the active MPU. If the software versions are different, the standby MPU performs the following operations:

1.     Copies the current software images of the active MPU.

2.     Specifies the images as startup software images.

3.     Reboots with these images.

Restrictions and guidelines

CAUTION: Use the undo version auto-update enable and version check ignore commands with caution. Configured with these two commands, the system will not examine the standby MPU's startup software images for version inconsistency with the active MPU's current software images. The standby MPU can start up with a different software version than the active MPU. This might cause the device to malfunction.

 

For a successful synchronization in a multiuser environment, make sure no other users reboot or swap MPUs during the synchronization process.

To track the synchronization process, configure the information center to output synchronization status logs to configuration terminals. For more information, see Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide.

When startup software version check and automatic software synchronization are both enabled, the standby MPU typically starts up with the same software images as the active MPU. However, the standby MPU might fail to synchronize the software images of the active MPU if their software images have critical differences.

If you enable startup software version check but disable automatic software synchronization, the standby MPU cannot start up if it has a different software version than the active MPU.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable startup software version check for the standby MPU.

undo version check ignore

By default, startup software version check is enabled.

3.     Enable automatic software synchronization for the standby MPU.

version auto-update enable

By default, automatic software synchronization is enabled.

Synchronizing startup images from the active MPU to the standby MPU

About this task

Perform this task when the startup images on the standby MPU are not the same version as those on the active MPU.

This task synchronizes startup images that are running on the active MPU to the standby MPU. If any of the startup images does not exist or is invalid, the synchronization fails.

The startup images synchronized to the standby MPU are set as main startup images, regardless of whether the source startup images are main or backup.

Procedure

Perform the following steps in user view:

1.     Synchronize startup images from the active MPU to the standby MPU.

boot-loader update { all | slot slot-number }

The command execution results are the same, regardless of whether you specify the all keyword or the slot slot-number option.

2.     Reboot the standby MPU.

reboot slot slot-number [ force ]

Verifying and maintaining software images

Displaying software images and version information

Perform display tasks in any view.

·     Display current software images and startup software images.

display boot-loader [ slot slot-number ]

·     Display system version information.

display version

Displaying and clearing startup software image upgrade records

To display startup software image upgrade records, execute the following command in any view:

display version-update-record

To clear startup software image upgrade records, execute the following command in system view:

reset version-update-record

Software upgrade examples

Example: Upgrading device software

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 1, the device has two MPUs: one active MPU in slot 0 and one standby MPU in slot 1.

Use the file startup-a2105.ipe to upgrade software images for the device.

Figure 1 Network diagram

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Prerequisites

Configure IP addresses and routes. Make sure the device and the TFTP server can reach each other.

Procedure

 

# Configure TFTP settings on both the device and the TFTP server. (Details not shown.)

# Display information about the current software images.

<Sysname> display version

# Back up the current software images.

<Sysname> copy boot.bin boot_backup.bin

<Sysname> copy system.bin system_backup.bin

# Specify boot_backup.bin and system_backup.bin as the backup startup image files for both MPUs.

<Sysname> boot-loader file boot flash:/boot_backup.bin system flash:/system_backup.bin slot 0 backup

<Sysname> boot-loader file boot flash:/boot_backup.bin system flash:/system_backup.bin slot 1 backup

# Use TFTP to download the startup-a2105.ipe image file from the TFTP server to the root directory of the flash memory on the active MPU.

<Sysname> tftp 2.2.2.2 get startup-a2105.ipe

# Specify startup-a2105.ipe as the main startup image file for both MPUs.

<Sysname> boot-loader file flash:/startup-a2105.ipe slot 0 main

<Sysname> boot-loader file flash:/startup-a2105.ipe slot 1 main

# Verify the startup image settings.

<Sysname> display boot-loader

# Reboot the device to complete the upgrade.

<Sysname> reboot

# Verify that the device is running the correct software.

<Sysname> display version