Port security combines and extends 802.1X and MAC authentication to provide MAC-based network access control. This feature applies to networks that require different authentication methods for different users on a port.

Port security provides the following functions:

· Prevents unauthorized access to a network by checking the source MAC address of inbound traffic.

· Prevents access to unauthorized devices or hosts by checking the destination MAC address of outbound traffic.

· Controls MAC address learning and authentication on a port to make sure the port learns only source trusted MAC addresses.

A frame is illegal if its source MAC address cannot be learned in a port security mode or it is from a client that has failed 802.1X or MAC authentication. The port security feature automatically takes a predefined action on illegal frames. This automatic mechanism enhances network security and reduces human intervention.

Port security features

NTK

The need to know (NTK) feature prevents traffic interception by checking the destination MAC address in the outbound frames. The feature ensures that frames are sent only to the following hosts:

· Hosts that have passed authentication.

· Hosts whose MAC addresses have been learned or configured on the access device.

Intrusion protection

The intrusion protection feature checks the source MAC address in inbound frames for illegal frames, and takes a predefined action on each detected illegal frame. The action can be disabling the port temporarily, disabling the port permanently, or blocking frames from the illegal MAC address for 3 minutes (not user configurable).

Port security modes

Port security supports the following categories of security modes:

· MAC learning control—Includes two modes: autoLearn and secure. MAC address learning is permitted on a port in autoLearn mode and disabled in secure mode.

· Authentication—Security modes in this category implement MAC authentication, 802.1X authentication, or a combination of these two authentication methods.

Upon receiving a frame, the port in a security mode searches the MAC address table for the source MAC address. If a match is found, the port forwards the frame. If no match is found, the port learns the MAC address or performs authentication, depending on the security mode. If the frame is illegal, the port takes the predefined NTK or intrusion protection action, or sends SNMP notifications. Outgoing frames are not restricted by port security's NTK action unless they trigger the NTK feature.

The maximum number of users a port supports equals the smaller value from the following values:

· The maximum number of secure MAC addresses that port security allows.

· The maximum number of concurrent users the authentication mode in use allows.

For example, if 802.1X allows more concurrent users than port security's limit on the number of MAC addresses on the port in userLoginSecureExt mode, port security's limit takes effect.

Table 1 describes the port security modes and the security features.

Table 1 Port security modes

Purpose	Security mode		Features that can be triggered
Turning off the port security feature	noRestrictions (the default mode) In this mode, port security is disabled on the port and access to the port is not restricted.		N/A
Controlling MAC address learning	autoLearn		NTK/intrusion protection
Controlling MAC address learning	secure		NTK/intrusion protection
Performing 802.1X authentication	userLogin		N/A
	userLoginSecure		NTK/intrusion protection
	userLoginSecureExt
	userLoginWithOUI
Performing MAC authentication	macAddressWithRadius		NTK/intrusion protection
Performing a combination of MAC authentication and 802.1X authentication	Or	macAddressOrUserLoginSecure	NTK/intrusion protection
	Or	macAddressOrUserLoginSecureExt
	Else	macAddressElseUserLoginSecure
	Else	macAddressElseUserLoginSecureExt

TIP:

· userLogin specifies 802.1X authentication and port-based access control. userLogin with Secure specifies 802.1X authentication and MAC-based access control. Ext indicates allowing multiple 802.1X users to be authenticated and serviced at the same time. A security mode without Ext allows only one user to pass 802.1X authentication.

· macAddress specifies MAC authentication.

· Else specifies that the authentication method before Else is applied first. If the authentication fails, whether to turn to the authentication method following Else depends on the protocol type of the authentication request.

· Or specifies that the authentication method following Or is applied first. If the authentication fails, the authentication method before Or is applied.

Controlling MAC address learning

· autoLearn.

A port in this mode can learn MAC addresses. The automatically learned MAC addresses are not added to the MAC address table as dynamic MAC address. Instead, these MAC addresses are added to the secure MAC address table as secure MAC addresses. You can also configure secure MAC addresses by using the port-security mac-address security command.

A port in autoLearn mode allows frames sourced from the following MAC addresses to pass:

¡ Secure MAC addresses.

¡ MAC addresses configured by using the mac-address dynamic and mac-address static commands.

When the number of secure MAC addresses reaches the upper limit, the port transitions to secure mode.

· secure.

MAC address learning is disabled on a port in secure mode. You configure MAC addresses by using the mac-address static and mac-address dynamic commands. For more information about configuring MAC address table entries, see Layer 2—LAN Switching Configuration Guide.

A port in secure mode allows only frames sourced from the following MAC addresses to pass:

¡ Secure MAC addresses.

¡ MAC addresses configured by using the mac-address dynamic and mac-address static commands.

Performing 802.1X authentication

· userLogin.

A port in this mode performs 802.1X authentication and implements port-based access control. The port can service multiple 802.1X users. Once an 802.1X user passes authentication on the port, any subsequent 802.1X users can access the network through the port without authentication.

· userLoginSecure.

A port in this mode performs 802.1X authentication and implements MAC-based access control. The port services only one user passing 802.1X authentication.

· userLoginSecureExt.

This mode is similar to the userLoginSecure mode except that this mode supports multiple online 802.1X users.

· userLoginWithOUI.

This mode is similar to the userLoginSecure mode. The difference is that a port in this mode also permits frames from one user whose MAC address contains a specific OUI.

In this mode, the port performs OUI check at first. If the OUI check fails, the port performs 802.1X authentication. The port permits frames that pass OUI check or 802.1X authentication.

NOTE:

An OUI is a 24-bit number that uniquely identifies a vendor, manufacturer, or organization. In MAC addresses, the first three octets are the OUI.

Performing MAC authentication

macAddressWithRadius: A port in this mode performs MAC authentication, and services multiple users.

Performing a combination of MAC authentication and 802.1X authentication

· macAddressOrUserLoginSecure.

This mode is the combination of the macAddressWithRadius and userLoginSecure modes. The mode allows one 802.1X authentication user and multiple MAC authentication users to log in.

In this mode, the port performs 802.1X authentication first. By default, if 802.1X authentication fails, MAC authentication is performed.

However, the port in this mode processes authentication differently when the following conditions exist:

¡ The port is enabled with parallel processing of MAC authentication and 802.1X authentication.

¡ The port is enabled with the 802.1X unicast trigger.

¡ The port receives a packet from an unknown MAC address.

Under such conditions, the port sends a unicast EAP-Request/Identity packet to the MAC address to initiate 802.1X authentication. After that, the port immediately processes MAC authentication without waiting for the 802.1X authentication result.

· macAddressOrUserLoginSecureExt.

This mode is similar to the macAddressOrUserLoginSecure mode, except that this mode supports multiple 802.1X and MAC authentication users.

· macAddressElseUserLoginSecure.

This mode is the combination of the macAddressWithRadius and userLoginSecure modes, with MAC authentication having a higher priority as the Else keyword implies. The mode allows one 802.1X authentication user and multiple MAC authentication users to log in.

In this mode, the port performs MAC authentication upon receiving non-802.1X frames. Upon receiving 802.1X frames, the port performs MAC authentication and then, if the authentication fails, 802.1X authentication.

· macAddressElseUserLoginSecureExt.

This mode is similar to the macAddressElseUserLoginSecure mode except that this mode supports multiple 802.1X and MAC authentication users as the Ext keyword implies.

Configuration restrictions and guidelines

As a best practice, use the 802.1X authentication or MAC authentication feature rather than port security for scenarios that require only 802.1X authentication or MAC authentication. For more information about 802.1X and MAC authentication, see "Configuring 802.1X" and "Configuring MAC authentication."

Port security settings are supported only on Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces.

After a Layer 2 Ethernet interface is added to an aggregation group, port security settings on the interface do not take effect.

Configuration task list

Tasks at a glance	Remarks
(Required.) Enabling port security	N/A
(Optional.) Setting port security's limit on the number of secure MAC addresses on a port	N/A
(Required.) Setting the port security mode	N/A
(Required.) Configuring port security features: · Configuring NTK · Configuring intrusion protection	Configure one or more port security features according to the network requirements.
(Optional.) Configuring secure MAC addresses	N/A
(Optional.) Ignoring authorization information from the server	N/A
(Optional.) Enabling MAC move	N/A
(Optional.) Enabling the authorization-fail-offline feature	N/A
(Optional.) Setting port security's limit on the number of MAC addresses for specific VLANs on a port	N/A
(Optional.) Applying a NAS-ID profile to port security	N/A
(Optional.) Configuring open authentication mode	N/A
(Optional.) Enabling the escape critical VSI feature for 802.1X and MAC authentication users	N/A
(Optional.) Enabling port security user logging	N/A
(Optional.) Enabling SNMP notifications for port security	N/A

Enabling port security

Before you enable port security, disable 802.1X and MAC authentication globally.

When port security is enabled, you cannot enable 802.1X or MAC authentication, or change the access control mode or port authorization state. Port security automatically modifies these settings in different security modes.

To enable port security:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enable port security.	port-security enable	By default, port security is disabled.

You can use the undo port-security enable command to disable port security. Because the command logs off the online users, make sure no online users are present.

Enabling or disabling port security resets the following security settings to the default:

· 802.1X access control mode is MAC-based.

· Port authorization state is auto.

For more information about 802.1X authentication and MAC authentication configuration, see "Configuring 802.1X" and "Configuring MAC authentication."

Setting port security's limit on the number of secure MAC addresses on a port

You can set the maximum number of secure MAC addresses that port security allows on a port for the following purposes:

· Controlling the number of concurrent users on the port.

For a port operating in a security mode (except for autoLearn and secure), the upper limit equals the smaller of the following values:

¡ The limit of the secure MAC addresses that port security allows.

¡ The limit of concurrent users allowed by the authentication mode in use.

· Controlling the number of secure MAC addresses on the port in autoLearn mode.

The port security's limit on the number of secure MAC addresses on a port is independent of the MAC learning limit described in MAC address table configuration. For more information about MAC address table configuration, see Layer 2—LAN Switching Configuration Guide.

To set the maximum number of secure MAC addresses allowed on a port:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view.	interface interface-type interface-number	N/A
3. Set the maximum number of secure MAC addresses allowed on a port.	port-security max-mac-count max-count [ vlan [ vlan-id-list ] ]	By default, port security does not limit the number of secure MAC addresses on a port. For a port operating in autoLearn mode, you can use the vlan [ vlan-id-list ] option to set the maximum number of secure MAC addresses for VLANs. If you use the vlan keyword without the vlan-id-list argument, this command sets the maximum number of secure MAC addresses for each VLAN on the port. If you use the vlan keyword with the vlan-id-list argument, this command sets the maximum number of secure MAC addresses for the specified VLANs on the port.

Setting the port security mode

Before you set a port security mode for a port, complete the following tasks:

· Disable 802.1X and MAC authentication.

· Verify that the port does not belong to a service loopback group.

· If you are configuring the autoLearn mode, set port security's limit on the number of secure MAC addresses. You cannot change the setting when the port is operating in autoLearn mode.

When you set the port security mode, follow these guidelines:

· You can specify a port security mode when port security is disabled, but your configuration cannot take effect.

· Changing the port security mode of a port logs off the online users of the port.

· Do not enable 802.1X authentication or MAC authentication on a port where port security is configured.

· The device supports the URL attribute assigned by a RADIUS server in the following port security modes:

¡ mac-authentication.

¡ mac-else-userlogin-secure.

¡ mac-else-userlogin-secure-ext.

¡ userlogin-secure.

¡ userlogin-secure-ext.

¡ userlogin-secure-or-mac.

¡ userlogin-secure-or-mac-ext.

¡ userlogin-withoui.

During authentication, the HTTP or HTTPS requests of a user are redirected to the Web interface specified by the server-assigned URL attribute. After the user passes the Web authentication, the RADIUS server records the MAC address of the user and uses a DM (Disconnect Message) to log off the user. When the user initiates 802.1X or MAC authentication again, it will pass the authentication and come online successfully.

To redirect the HTTPS requests of port security users, specify the HTTPS redirect listening port on the device. For more information, see HTTP redirect in Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide.

To set the port security mode:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. (Optional.) Set an OUI value for user authentication.	port-security oui index index-value mac-address oui-value	By default, no OUI values are configured for user authentication. This command is required for the userlogin-withoui mode. You can set multiple OUIs, but when the port security mode is userlogin-withoui, the port allows one 802.1X user and only one user that matches one of the specified OUIs.
3. Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view.	interface interface-type interface-number	N/A
4. Set the port security mode.	port-security port-mode { autolearn \| mac-authentication \| mac-else-userlogin-secure \| mac-else-userlogin-secure-ext \| secure \| userlogin \| userlogin-secure \| userlogin-secure-ext \| userlogin-secure-or-mac \| userlogin-secure-or-mac-ext \| userlogin-withoui }	By default, a port operates in noRestrictions mode. After enabling port security, you can change the port security mode of a port only when the port is operating in noRestrictions (the default) mode. To change the port security mode for a port in any other mode, first use the undo port-security port-mode command to restore the default port security mode.

Configuring port security features

Configuring NTK

The NTK feature checks the destination MAC addresses in outbound frames to make sure frames are forwarded only to authenticated devices.

The NTK feature supports the following modes:

· ntkonly—Forwards only unicast frames with authenticated destination MAC addresses.

· ntk-withbroadcasts—Forwards only broadcast frames and unicast frames with authenticated destination MAC addresses.

· ntk-withmulticasts—Forwards only broadcast frames, multicast frames, and unicast frames with authenticated destination MAC addresses.

The NTK feature drops any unicast frame with an unknown destination MAC address. Not all port security modes support triggering the NTK feature. For more information, see Table 1.

To configure the NTK feature:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view.	interface interface-type interface-number	N/A
3. Configure the NTK feature.	port-security ntk-mode { ntk-withbroadcasts \| ntk-withmulticasts \| ntkonly }	By default, NTK is disabled on a port and all frames are allowed to be sent.

Configuring intrusion protection

Intrusion protection enables a device to take one of the following actions in response to illegal frames:

· blockmac—Adds the source MAC addresses of illegal frames to the blocked MAC address list and discards the frames. All subsequent frames sourced from a blocked MAC address are dropped. A blocked MAC address is restored to normal state after being blocked for 3 minutes. The interval is fixed and cannot be changed.

· disableport—Disables the port until you bring it up manually.

· disableport-temporarily—Disables the port for a period of time. The period can be configured with the port-security timer disableport command.

To configure the intrusion protection feature:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view.	interface interface-type interface-number	N/A
3. Configure the intrusion protection feature.	port-security intrusion-mode { blockmac \| disableport \| disableport-temporarily }	By default, intrusion protection is disabled.
4. Return to system view.	quit	N/A
5. (Optional.) Set the silence timeout period during which a port remains disabled.	port-security timer disableport time-value	By default, the port silence timeout is 20 seconds.

NOTE:

On a port operating in either macAddressElseUserLoginSecure mode or macAddressElseUserLoginSecureExt mode, intrusion protection is triggered only after both MAC authentication and 802.1X authentication fail for the same frame.

Configuring secure MAC addresses

Secure MAC addresses are configured or learned in autoLearn mode. If the secure MAC addresses are saved, they can survive a device reboot. You can bind a secure MAC address only to one port in a VLAN.

Secure MAC addresses include static, sticky, and dynamic secure MAC addresses.

Table 2 Comparison of static, sticky, and dynamic secure MAC addresses

Type	Address sources	Aging mechanism	Can be saved and survive a device reboot?
Static	Manually added (by using the port-security mac-address security command without the sticky keyword).	Not available. The static secure MAC addresses never age out unless you perform any of the following tasks: · Manually remove these MAC addresses. · Change the port security mode. · Disable the port security feature.	Yes.
Sticky	· Manually added (by using the port-security mac-address security command with the sticky keyword). · Converted from dynamic secure MAC addresses. · Automatically learned when the dynamic secure MAC feature is disabled.	By default, sticky MAC addresses do not age out. However, you can configure an aging timer or use the aging timer together with the inactivity aging feature to remove old sticky MAC addresses. · If only the aging timer is configured, the aging timer counts up regardless of whether traffic data has been sent from the sticky MAC addresses. · If both the aging timer and the inactivity aging feature are configured, the aging timer restarts once traffic data is detected from the sticky MAC addresses.	Yes. The secure MAC aging timer restarts at a reboot.
Dynamic	· Converted from sticky MAC addresses. · Automatically learned after the dynamic secure MAC feature is enabled.	Same as sticky MAC addresses.	No. All dynamic secure MAC addresses are lost at reboot.

When the maximum number of secure MAC address entries is reached, the port changes to secure mode. In secure mode, the port cannot add or learn any more secure MAC addresses. The port allows only frames sourced from secure MAC addresses or MAC addresses configured by using the mac-address dynamic or mac-address static command to pass through.

Configuration prerequisites

Before you configure secure MAC addresses, complete the following tasks:

· Enable port security.

· Set port security's limit on the number of MAC addresses on the port. Perform this task before you enable autoLearn mode.

· Set the port security mode to autoLearn.

· Configure the port to permit packets of the specified VLAN to pass or add the port to the VLAN. Make sure the VLAN already exists.

Configuration procedure

To configure a secure MAC address:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. (Optional.) Set the secure MAC aging timer.	port-security timer autolearn aging [ second ] time-value	By default, secure MAC addresses do not age out.
3. Configure a secure MAC address.	· In system view: port-security mac-address security [ sticky ] mac-address interface interface-type interface-number vlan vlan-id · In Layer 2 Ethernet interface view: a. interface interface-type interface-number b. port-security mac-address security [ sticky ] mac-address vlan vlan-id c. quit	By default, no manually configured secure MAC addresses exist. In a VLAN, a MAC address cannot be specified as both a static secure MAC address and a sticky MAC address.
4. Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view.	interface interface-type interface-number	N/A
5. (Optional.) Enable inactivity aging.	port-security mac-address aging-type inactivity	By default, the inactivity aging feature is disabled.
6. (Optional.) Enable the dynamic secure MAC feature.	port-security mac-address dynamic	By default, the dynamic secure MAC feature is disabled. Sticky MAC addresses can be saved to the configuration file. Once saved, they can survive a device reboot.

Ignoring authorization information from the server

You can configure a port to ignore the authorization information received from the server (local or remote) after an 802.1X or MAC authentication user passes authentication.

To configure a port to ignore authorization information from the server:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view.	interface interface-type interface-number	N/A
3. Ignore the authorization information received from the authentication server.	port-security authorization ignore	By default, a port uses the authorization information received from the authentication server.

Enabling MAC move

MAC move allows an 802.1X or MAC authenticated user on one port to be reauthenticated and come online on another port without having to go offline first. After the user passes authentication on the new port, the system removes the authentication session of the user on the original port.

If MAC move is disabled, 802.1X or MAC authenticated users must go offline first before they can be reauthenticated successfully on a new port to come online.

This feature takes effect on an 802.1X or MAC authenticated user that moves from one port to another port on the device. The user VLAN or authentication method might change or stay unchanged after the move.

802.1X or MAC authenticated users cannot move between ports on the device if the maximum number of online users on the authentication server already reached.

As a best practice to minimize security risks, enable MAC move only if user roaming between ports is required.

To enable MAC move:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enable MAC move.	port-security mac-move permit	By default, MAC move is disabled.

Enabling the authorization-fail-offline feature

Overview

The authorization-fail-offline feature logs off port security users that have failed ACL or user profile authorization.

A user fails ACL or user profile authorization in the following situations:

· The device fails to authorize the specified ACL or user profile to the user.

· The server assigns a nonexistent ACL or user profile to the user.

This feature does not apply to users that have failed VLAN authorization. The device logs off these users directly.

You can also enable the quiet timer feature for 802.1X or MAC authentication users that are logged off by the authorization-fail-offline feature. The device adds these users to the 802.1X or MAC authentication quiet queue. Within the quiet timer, the device does not process packets from these users or authenticate them. If you do not enable the quiet timer feature, the device immediately authenticates these users upon receiving packets from them.

Configuration prerequisites

For the quiet timer feature to take effect, complete the following tasks:

· For 802.1X users, use the dot1x quiet-period command to enable the quiet timer and use the dot1x timer quiet-period command to set the timer.

· For MAC authentication users, use the mac-authentication timer quiet command to set the quiet timer for MAC authentication.

Configuration procedure

To enable the authorization-fail-offline feature:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enable the authorization-fail-offline feature.	port-security authorization-fail offline [ quiet-period ]	By default, this feature is disabled, and the device does not log off users that have failed ACL or user profile authorization.

Setting port security's limit on the number of MAC addresses for specific VLANs on a port

Overview

Typically, port security allows the access of the following types of MAC addresses on a port:

· MAC addresses that pass 802.1X or MAC authentication.

· MAC addresses in the MAC authentication guest VLAN or MAC authentication critical VLAN and MAC addresses in the MAC authentication guest VSI or MAC authentication critical VSI.

· MAC addresses in the 802.1X guest VLAN, 802.1X Auth-Fail VLAN, or 802.1X critical VLAN and MAC addresses in the 802.1X guest VSI, 802.1X Auth-Fail VSI, or 802.1X critical VSI.

This feature limits the number of MAC addresses that port security allows to access a port through specific VLANs. Use this feature to prevent resource contentions among MAC addresses and ensure reliable performance for each access user on the port. When the number of MAC addresses in a VLAN on the port reaches the upper limit, the device denies any subsequent MAC addresses in the VLAN on the port.

Configuration restrictions and guidelines

On a port, the maximum number of MAC addresses in a VLAN cannot be smaller than the number of existing MAC addresses in the VLAN. If the specified maximum number is smaller, the setting does not take effect.

Configuration procedure

To set port security's limit on the number of MAC addresses for specific VLANs on a port:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view.	interface interface-type interface-number	N/A
3. Set port security's limit on the number of MAC addresses for specific VLANs on the port.	port-security mac-limit max-number per-vlan vlan-id-list	The default setting is 2147483647.

Applying a NAS-ID profile to port security

By default, the device sends its device name in the NAS-Identifier attribute of all RADIUS requests.

A NAS-ID profile enables you to send different NAS-Identifier attribute strings in RADIUS requests from different VLANs. The strings can be organization names, service names, or any user categorization criteria, depending on the administrative requirements.

For example, map the NAS-ID companyA to all VLANs of company A. The device will send companyA in the NAS-Identifier attribute for the RADIUS server to identify requests from any Company A users.

You can apply a NAS-ID profile to port security globally or on a port. On a port, the device selects a NAS-ID profile in the following order:

1. The port-specific NAS-ID profile.

2. The NAS-ID profile applied globally.

If no NAS-ID profile is applied or no matching binding is found in the selected profile, the device uses the device name as the NAS-ID.

For more information about the NAS-ID profile configuration, see "Configuring AAA."

To apply a NAS-ID profile to port security:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Apply a NAS-ID profile.	· In system view: port-security nas-id-profile profile-name · In Layer 2 Ethernet interface view: a. interface interface-type interface-number b. port-security nas-id-profile profile-name	By default, no NAS-ID profile is applied in system view or in Layer 2 Ethernet interface view.

Step

Command

Remarks

1. Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2. Apply a NAS-ID profile.

· In system view:
port-security nas-id-profile profile-name

· In Layer 2 Ethernet interface view:

a. interface interface-type interface-number

b. port-security nas-id-profile profile-name

By default, no NAS-ID profile is applied in system view or in Layer 2 Ethernet interface view.

Configuring open authentication mode

Overview

This feature enables access users (802.1X or MAC authentication users) of a port to come online and access the network even if they use nonexistent usernames or incorrect passwords.

Access users that come online in open authentication mode are called open users. Open users do not support authorization and accounting. To display open user information, use the following commands:

· display dot1x connection open.

· display mac-authentication connection open.

This feature does not affect the access of users that use correct user information.

Configuration restrictions and guidelines

When you configure open authentication mode, follow these restrictions and guidelines:

· If the global open authentication mode is enabled, all ports are enabled with open authentication mode regardless of the port-specific open authentication mode setting. If the global open authentication mode is disabled, whether a port is enabled with open authentication mode depends on the port-specific open authentication mode setting.

· Open authentication mode has lower priority than the 802.1X Auth-Fail VLAN and the MAC authentication guest VLAN. Open authentication mode does not take effect on a port if the port is also configured with the 802.1X Auth-Fail VLAN or the MAC authentication guest VLAN.

· The open authentication mode feature has lower priority than the 802.1X Auth-Fail VSI and the MAC authentication guest VSI. Open authentication mode does not take effect on a port if the port is also configured with the 802.1X Auth-Fail VSI or the MAC authentication guest VSI.

For information about 802.1X authentication and MAC authentication, see "802.1X overview," "Configuring 802.1X," and "Configuring MAC authentication."

Configuration procedure

To enable open authentication mode:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enable open authentication mode.	· Enable the global open authentication mode. port-security authentication open global · Enable open authentication mode on a port: a. interface interface-type interface-number b. port-security authentication open	By default, open authentication mode is disabled.

Step

Command

Remarks

1. Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2. Enable open authentication mode.

· Enable the global open authentication mode.
port-security authentication open global

· Enable open authentication mode on a port:

a. interface interface-type interface-number

b. port-security authentication open

By default, open authentication mode is disabled.

Enabling the escape critical VSI feature for 802.1X and MAC authentication users

About the escape critical VSI feature

The escape critical VSI feature operates on VXLAN networks. It enables 802.1X and MAC authentication users to escape the authentication failure that occurs because the RADIUS server is malfunctioning.

You can enable this feature temporarily to prevent 802.1X and MAC authentication service interruption while you are troubleshooting a malfunctioning RADIUS server.

After the escape critical VSI feature is enabled on a port, the device performs the following operations when 802.1X or MAC authentication is triggered for a user:

1. Dynamically creates an Ethernet service instance that matches the user's access VLAN and MAC address on the access port.

2. Maps the Ethernet service instance to the 802.1X or MAC authentication critical VSI on the port.

The user can then come online without authentication and access resources in the VXLAN associated with the critical VSI.

The escape critical VSI feature does not affect 802.1X or MAC authentication users that have been online before this feature is enabled.

Configuration restrictions and guidelines

For the escape critical VSI feature to work correctly on a port, make sure the port does not have the following settings:

· Web authentication.

· Guest, Auth-Fail, or critical VLAN for 802.1X authentication.

· Guest or critical VLAN for MAC authentication.

You can enable or disable this feature globally on all ports or on a per-port basis.

On a port configured with the mac-authentication critical vsi critical-vsi-name url-user-logoff command, MAC authentication users that have been assigned authorization URLs will be logged off when you enable this feature globally or on that port. For more information, see "Configuring MAC authentication."

When you disable the escape critical VSI both globally and on a port, the device logs off the users in the critical VSIs for 802.1X and MAC authentication on that port. The users must perform authentication to come online again on that port.

The escape critical VSI feature does not take effect on a new 802.1X or MAC authentication user if any of the following conditions exists:

· The 802.1X client and the device use different EAP message handling methods.

· 802.1X MAC address binding is enabled on the user's access port, but the MAC address of the 802.1X user is not bound to that port.

· The user's MAC address is an all-zero, all-F, or multicast MAC address.

Configuration prerequisites

Before you enable the escape critical VSI feature on a port, configure an 802.1X critical VSI and a MAC authentication critical VSI on that port. For more information about critical VSI configuration, see "Configuring 802.1X" and "Configuring MAC authentication."

Configuration procedure

To enable the escape critical VSI feature:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enable the escape critical VSI feature.	· Enable the global escape critical VSI feature. port-security global escape critical-vsi · Enable the escape critical VSI feature on a port: a. interface interface-type interface-number b. port-security escape critical-vsi	By default, the escape critical VSI feature is disabled.

Step

Command

Remarks

1. Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2. Enable the escape critical VSI feature.

· Enable the global escape critical VSI feature.
port-security global escape critical-vsi

· Enable the escape critical VSI feature on a port:

a. interface interface-type interface-number

b. port-security escape critical-vsi

By default, the escape critical VSI feature is disabled.

Enabling port security user logging

Overview

This feature enables the device to generate logs about port security users and send the logs to the information center. For the logs to be output correctly, you must also configure the information center on the device. For more information about information center configuration, see Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide.

Configuration restrictions and guidelines

To prevent excessive port security user log entries, use this feature only if you need to analyze abnormal port security user events.

Configuration procedure

To enable port security user logging:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enable port security user logging.	port-security access-user log enable [ failed-authorization \| mac-learning \| violation ] *	By default, port security user logging is disabled. If you do not specify any parameters, this command enables all types of port security user logs.

Step

Command

Remarks

1. Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2. Enable port security user logging.

port-security access-user log enable [ failed-authorization | mac-learning | violation ] *

By default, port security user logging is disabled.

If you do not specify any parameters, this command enables all types of port security user logs.

Enabling SNMP notifications for port security

Use this feature to report critical port security events to an NMS. For port security event notifications to be sent correctly, you must also configure SNMP on the device. For more information about SNMP configuration, see Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide.

To enable SNMP notifications for port security:

Step	Command	Remarks
1. Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2. Enable SNMP notifications for port security.	snmp-agent trap enable port-security [ address-learned \| dot1x-failure \| dot1x-logoff \| dot1x-logon \| intrusion \| mac-auth-failure \| mac-auth-logoff \| mac-auth-logon ] *	By default, SNMP notifications are disabled for port security.

Displaying and maintaining port security

Execute display commands in any view:

Task	Command
Display the port security configuration, operation information, and statistics.	display port-security [ interface interface-type interface-number ]
Display information about secure MAC addresses.	display port-security mac-address security [ interface interface-type interface-number ] [ vlan vlan-id ] [ count ]
Display information about blocked MAC addresses.	display port-security mac-address block [ interface interface-type interface-number ] [ vlan vlan-id ] [ count ]

Port security configuration examples

autoLearn configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 1, configure Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 on the device to meet the following requirements:

· Accept up to 64 users without authentication.

· Be permitted to learn and add MAC addresses as sticky MAC addresses, and set the secure MAC aging timer to 30 minutes.

· Stop learning MAC addresses after the number of secure MAC addresses reaches 64. If any frame with an unknown MAC address arrives, intrusion protection starts, and the port shuts down and stays silent for 30 seconds.

Figure 1 Network diagram

Configuration procedure

# Enable port security.

<Device> system-view

[Device] port-security enable

# Set the secure MAC aging timer to 30 minutes.

[Device] port-security timer autolearn aging 30

# Set port security's limit on the number of secure MAC addresses to 64 on Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1.

[Device] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port-security max-mac-count 64

# Set the port security mode to autoLearn.

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port-security port-mode autolearn

# Configure the port to be silent for 30 seconds after the intrusion protection feature is triggered.

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port-security intrusion-mode disableport-temporarily

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[Device] port-security timer disableport 30

Verifying the configuration

# Verify the port security configuration.

[Device] display port-security interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

Global port security parameters:

Port security : Enabled

AutoLearn aging time : 30 min

Disableport timeout : 30 s

MAC move : Denied

Authorization fail : Online

NAS-ID profile : Not configured

Dot1x-failure trap : Disabled

Dot1x-logon trap : Disabled

Dot1x-logoff trap : Disabled

Intrusion trap : Disabled

Address-learned trap : Disabled

Mac-auth-failure trap : Disabled

Mac-auth-logon trap : Disabled

Mac-auth-logoff trap : Disabled

Open authentication : Disabled

OUI value list :

Index : 1 Value : 123401

Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1 is link-up

Port mode : autoLearn

NeedToKnow mode : Disabled

Intrusion protection mode : DisablePortTemporarily

Security MAC address attribute

Learning mode : Sticky

Aging type : Periodical

Max secure MAC addresses : 64

Current secure MAC addresses : 0

Authorization : Permitted

NAS-ID profile : Not configured

Free VLANs : Not configured

Open authentication : Disabled

The port allows for MAC address learning, and you can view the number of learned MAC addresses in the Current secure MAC addresses field.

# Display additional information about the learned MAC addresses.

[Device] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] display this

interface Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1

port-security max-mac-count 64

port-security port-mode autolearn

port-security mac-address security sticky 0002-0000-0015 vlan 1

port-security mac-address security sticky 0002-0000-0014 vlan 1

port-security mac-address security sticky 0002-0000-0013 vlan 1

port-security mac-address security sticky 0002-0000-0012 vlan 1

port-security mac-address security sticky 0002-0000-0011 vlan 1

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

# Verify that the port security mode changes to secure after the number of MAC addresses learned by the port reaches 64.

[Device] display port-security interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

# Verify that the port will be disabled for 30 seconds after it receives a frame with an unknown MAC address. (Details not shown.)

# After the port is re-enabled, delete several secure MAC addresses.

[Device] undo port-security mac-address security sticky 0002-0000-0015 vlan 1

[Device] undo port-security mac-address security sticky 0002-0000-0014 vlan 1

…

# Verify that the port security mode of the port changes to autoLearn, and the port can learn MAC addresses again. (Details not shown.)

userLoginWithOUI configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 2, a client is connected to the device through Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1. The device authenticates the client with a RADIUS server in ISP domain sun. If the authentication succeeds, the client is authorized to access the Internet.

· The RADIUS server at 192.168.1.2 acts as the primary authentication server and the secondary accounting server. The RADIUS server at 192.168.1.3 acts as the secondary authentication server and the primary accounting server. The shared key for authentication is name, and the shared key for accounting is money.

· All users use the authentication, authorization, and accounting methods of ISP domain sun.

· The RADIUS server response timeout time is 5 seconds. The maximum number of RADIUS packet retransmission attempts is 5. The device sends real-time accounting packets to the RADIUS server at 15-minute intervals, and sends usernames without domain names to the RADIUS server.

Configure Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 to allow only one 802.1X user and a user who uses one of the specified OUI values to be authenticated.

Figure 2 Network diagram

‌

Configuration procedure

The following configuration steps cover some AAA/RADIUS configuration commands. For more information about the commands, see Security Command Reference.

Make sure the host and the RADIUS server can reach each other.

1. Configure AAA:

# Configure a RADIUS scheme named radsun.

<Device> system-view

[Device] radius scheme radsun

[Device-radius-radsun] primary authentication 192.168.1.2

[Device-radius-radsun] primary accounting 192.168.1.3

[Device-radius-radsun] secondary authentication 192.168.1.3

[Device-radius-radsun] secondary accounting 192.168.1.2

[Device-radius-radsun] key authentication simple name

[Device-radius-radsun] key accounting simple money

[Device-radius-radsun] timer response-timeout 5

[Device-radius-radsun] retry 5

[Device-radius-radsun] timer realtime-accounting 15

[Device-radius-radsun] user-name-format without-domain

[Device-radius-radsun] quit

# Configure ISP domain sun.

[Device] domain sun

[Device-isp-sun] authentication lan-access radius-scheme radsun

[Device-isp-sun] authorization lan-access radius-scheme radsun

[Device-isp-sun] accounting lan-access radius-scheme radsun

[Device-isp-sun] quit

2. Configure 802.1X:

# Set the 802.1X authentication method to CHAP. By default, the authentication method for 802.1X is CHAP.

[Device] dot1x authentication-method chap

# Specify ISP domain sun as the mandatory authentication domain for 802.1X users on Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1.

[Device] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] dot1x mandatory-domain sun

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

3. Configure port security:

# Enable port security.

[Device] port-security enable

# Add five OUI values. (You can add up to 16 OUI values. The port permits only one user matching one of the OUIs to pass authentication.)

[Device] port-security oui index 1 mac-address 1234-0100-1111

[Device] port-security oui index 2 mac-address 1234-0200-1111

[Device] port-security oui index 3 mac-address 1234-0300-1111

[Device] port-security oui index 4 mac-address 1234-0400-1111

[Device] port-security oui index 5 mac-address 1234-0500-1111

# Set the port security mode to userLoginWithOUI.

[Device] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port-security port-mode userlogin-withoui

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

Verifying the configuration

# Verify that Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 allows only one 802.1X user to be authenticated.

[Device] display port-security interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

Global port security parameters:

Port security : Enabled

AutoLearn aging time : 30 min

Disableport timeout : 30 s

MAC move : Denied

Authorization fail : Online

NAS-ID profile : Not configured

Dot1x-failure trap : Disabled

Dot1x-logon trap : Disabled

Dot1x-logoff trap : Disabled

Intrusion trap : Disabled

Address-learned trap : Disabled

Mac-auth-failure trap : Disabled

Mac-auth-logon trap : Disabled

Mac-auth-logoff trap : Disabled

Open authentication : Disabled

OUI value list :

Index : 1 Value : 123401

Index : 2 Value : 123402

Index : 3 Value : 123403

Index : 4 Value : 123404

Index : 5 Value : 123405

Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1 is link-up

Port mode : userLoginWithOUI

NeedToKnow mode : Disabled

Intrusion protection mode : NoAction

Security MAC address attribute

Learning mode : Sticky

Aging type : Periodical

Max secure MAC addresses : Not configured

Current secure MAC addresses : 1

Authorization :Permitted

NAS-ID profile : Not configured

Free VLANs : Not configured

Open authentication : Disabled

# Display information about the online 802.1X user to verify 802.1X configuration.

[Device] display dot1x

# Verify that the port also allows one user whose MAC address has an OUI among the specified OUIs to pass authentication.

[Device] display mac-address interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

MAC Address VLAN ID State Port/NickName Aging

1234-0300-0011 1 Learned XGE1/0/1 Y

macAddressElseUserLoginSecure configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 3, a client is connected to the device through Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1. The device authenticates the client by a RADIUS server in ISP domain sun. If the authentication succeeds, the client is authorized to access the Internet.

Configure Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 of the device to meet the following requirements:

· Allow more than one MAC authenticated user to log on.

· For 802.1X users, perform MAC authentication first and then, if MAC authentication fails, 802.1X authentication. Allow only one 802.1X user to log on.

· Use the MAC address of each user as the username and password for authentication. A MAC address is in the hexadecimal notation with hyphens, and letters are in upper case.

· Set the total number of MAC authenticated users and 802.1X authenticated users to 64.

· Enable NTK (ntkonly mode) to prevent frames from being sent to unknown MAC addresses.

Figure 3 Network diagram

‌

Configuration procedure

Make sure the host and the RADIUS server can reach each other.

1. Configure RADIUS authentication/accounting and ISP domain settings. (See "userLoginWithOUI configuration example.")

2. Configure port security:

# Enable port security.

<Device> system-view

[Device] port-security enable

# Use MAC-based accounts for MAC authentication. Each MAC address must be in the hexadecimal notation with hyphens, and letters are in upper case.

[Device] mac-authentication user-name-format mac-address with-hyphen uppercase

# Specify the MAC authentication domain.

[Device] mac-authentication domain sun

# Set the 802.1X authentication method to CHAP. By default, the authentication method for 802.1X is CHAP.

[Device] dot1x authentication-method chap

# Set port security's limit on the number of MAC addresses to 64 on the port.

[Device] interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port-security max-mac-count 64

# Set the port security mode to macAddressElseUserLoginSecure.

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port-security port-mode mac-else-userlogin-secure

# Specify ISP domain sun as the mandatory authentication domain for 802.1X users.

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] dot1x mandatory-domain sun

# Set the NTK mode of the port to ntkonly.

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port-security ntk-mode ntkonly

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

Verifying the configuration

# Verify the port security configuration.

[Device] display port-security interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

Global port security parameters:

Port security : Enabled

AutoLearn aging time : 30 min

Disableport timeout : 30 s

MAC move : Denied

Authorization fail : Online

NAS-ID profile : Not configured

Dot1x-failure trap : Disabled

Dot1x-logon trap : Disabled

Dot1x-logoff trap : Disabled

Intrusion trap : Disabled

Address-learned trap : Disabled

Mac-auth-failure trap : Disabled

Mac-auth-logon trap : Disabled

Mac-auth-logoff trap : Disabled

Open authentication : Disabled

OUI value list

Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1 is link-up

Port mode : macAddressElseUserLoginSecure

NeedToKnow mode : NeedToKnowOnly

Intrusion protection mode : NoAction

Security MAC address attribute

Learning mode : Sticky

Aging type : Periodical

Max secure MAC addresses : 64

Current secure MAC addresses : 0

Authorization : Permitted

NAS-ID profile : Not configured

Free VLANs : Not configured

Open authentication : Disabled

# After users pass authentication, display MAC authentication information. Verify that Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 allows multiple MAC authentication users to be authenticated.

[Device] display mac-authentication interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

Global MAC authentication parameters:

MAC authentication : Enabled

User name format : MAC address in uppercase(XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX)

Username : mac

Password : Not configured

Offline detect period : 300 s

Quiet period : 180 s

Server timeout : 100 s

Reauth period : 3600 s

Authentication domain : sun

Online MAC-auth wired users : 3

Silent MAC users:

MAC address VLAN ID From port Port index

Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1 is link-up

MAC authentication : Enabled

Carry User-IP : Disabled

Authentication domain : Not configured

Auth-delay timer : Disabled

Periodic reauth : Disabled

Re-auth server-unreachable : Logoff

Guest VLAN : Not configured

Guest VLAN auth-period : 30 s

Critical VLAN : Not configured

Critical voice VLAN : Disabled

Host mode : Single VLAN

Offline detection : Enabled

Authentication order : Default

Guest VSI : Not configured

Guest VSI auth-period : 30 s

Critical VSI : Not configured

Auto-tag feature : Disabled

VLAN tag configuration ignoring : Disabled

Max online users : 4294967295

Authentication attempts : successful 3, failed 7

Current online users : 3

MAC address Auth state

1234-0300-0011 Authenticated

1234-0300-0012 Authenticated

1234-0300-0013 Authenticated

# Display 802.1X authentication information. Verify that Ten-GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 allows only one 802.1X user to be authenticated.

[Device] display dot1x interface ten-gigabitethernet 1/0/1

Global 802.1X parameters:

802.1X authentication : Enabled

CHAP authentication : Enabled

Max-tx period : 30 s

Handshake period : 15 s

Quiet timer : Disabled

Quiet period : 60 s

Supp timeout : 30 s

Server timeout : 100 s

Reauth period : 3600 s

Max auth requests : 2

EAD assistant function : Disabled

EAD timeout : 30 min

Domain delimiter : @

Online 802.1X wired users : 1

Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1 is link-up

802.1X authentication : Enabled

Handshake : Enabled

Handshake reply : Disabled

Handshake security : Disabled

Unicast trigger : Disabled

Periodic reauth : Disabled

Port role : Authenticator

Authorization mode : Auto

Port access control : MAC-based

Multicast trigger : Enabled

Mandatory auth domain : sun

Guest VLAN : Not configured

Auth-Fail VLAN : Not configured

Critical VLAN : Not configured

Critical voice VLAN : Disabled

Add Guest VLAN delay : Disabled

Re-auth server-unreachable : Logoff

Max online users : 4294967295

User IP freezing : Disabled

Reauth period : 0 s

Send Packets Without Tag : Disabled

Max Attempts Fail Number : 0

Guest VSI : Not configured

Auth-Fail VSI : Not configured

Critical VSI : Not configured

Add Guest VSI delay : Disabled

EAPOL packets: Tx 16331, Rx 102

Sent EAP Request/Identity packets : 16316

EAP Request/Challenge packets: 6

EAP Success packets: 4

EAP Failure packets: 5

Received EAPOL Start packets : 6

EAPOL LogOff packets: 2

EAP Response/Identity packets : 80

EAP Response/Challenge packets: 6

Error packets: 0

Online 802.1X users: 1

MAC address Auth state

0002-0000-0011 Authenticated

# Verify that frames with an unknown destination MAC address, multicast address, or broadcast address are discarded. (Details not shown.)

Troubleshooting port security

Cannot set the port security mode

Symptom

Cannot set the port security mode for a port.

Analysis

For a port operating in a port security mode other than noRestrictions, you cannot change the port security mode by using the port-security port-mode command.

Solution

To resolve the issue:

1. Set the port security mode to noRestrictions.

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo port-security port-mode

2. Set a new port security mode for the port, for example, autoLearn.

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port-security port-mode autolearn

3. If the issue persists, contact H3C Support.

Cannot configure secure MAC addresses

Symptom

Cannot configure secure MAC addresses.

Analysis

No secure MAC address can be configured on a port operating in a port security mode other than autoLearn.

Solution

To resolve the issue:

1. Set the port security mode to autoLearn.

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo port-security port-mode

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port-security max-mac-count 64

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port-security port-mode autolearn

[Device-Ten-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port-security mac-address security 1-1-2 vlan 1

2. If the issue persists, contact H3C Support.

09-Security Configuration Guide

Configuring port security

NTK

Intrusion protection

Configuration task list

Enabling port security

Setting port security's limit on the number of secure MAC addresses on a port

Setting the port security mode

Configuring intrusion protection

Configuration procedure

Ignoring authorization information from the server

Enabling MAC move

Enabling the escape critical VSI feature for 802.1X and MAC authentication users

Network requirements

Configuration procedure

Verifying the configuration

Network requirements

Configuration procedure

Verifying the configuration

macAddressElseUserLoginSecure configuration example

Network requirements

Configuration procedure

Verifying the configuration

Troubleshooting port security

Symptom

Analysis

Solution

Symptom

Analysis

Solution

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