02-System Management Configuration Guide

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02-Information center configuration
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Configuring the information center

About the information center

The information center on the device receives logs generated by source modules and outputs logs to different destinations according to log output rules. Based on the logs, you can monitor device performance and troubleshoot network problems.

Figure 1 Information center diagram

Log types

Logs are classified into the following types:

·     Standard system logs—Record common system information. Unless otherwise specified, the term "logs" in this document refers to standard system logs.

·     Hidden logs—Record log information not displayed on the terminal, such as input commands.

·     Trace logs—Record system tracing and debugging messages, which can be viewed only after the devkit package is installed.

Log levels

Logs are classified into eight severity levels from 0 through 7 in descending order. The information center outputs logs with a severity level that is higher than or equal to the specified level. For example, if you specify a severity level of 6 (informational), logs that have a severity level from 0 to 6 are output.

Table 1 Log levels

Severity value

Level

Description

0

Emergency

The system is unusable. For example, the system authorization has expired.

1

Alert

Action must be taken immediately. For example, traffic on an interface exceeds the upper limit.

2

Critical

Critical condition. For example, the device temperature exceeds the upper limit, the power module fails, or the fan tray fails.

3

Error

Error condition. For example, the link state changes.

4

Warning

Warning condition. For example, an interface is disconnected, or the memory resources are used up.

5

Notification

Normal but significant condition. For example, a terminal logs in to the device, or the device reboots.

6

Informational

Informational message. For example, a command or a ping operation is executed.

7

Debugging

Debugging message.

Log destinations

The system outputs logs to the following destinations: console, monitor terminal, log buffer, and log host. Log output destinations are independent and you can configure them after enabling the information center. One log can be sent to multiple destinations.

Default output rules for logs

A log output rule specifies the source modules and severity level of logs that can be output to a destination. Logs matching the output rule are output to the destination. Table 2 shows the default log output rules.

Table 2 Default output rules

Destination

Log source modules

Output switch

Severity

Console

All supported modules

Enabled

Debugging

Monitor terminal

All supported modules

Disabled

Debugging

Log host

All supported modules

Enabled

Informational

Log buffer

All supported modules

Enabled

Informational

Default output rules for hidden logs

Hidden logs can be output to the log host and the log buffer. Table 3 shows the default output rules for hidden logs.

Table 3 Default output rules for hidden logs

Destination

Log source modules

Output switch

Severity

Log host

All supported modules

Enabled

Informational

Log buffer

All supported modules

Enabled

Informational

Default output rules for trace logs

Trace logs can only be output to the trace log file, and cannot be filtered by source modules and severity levels. Table 4 shows the default output rules for trace logs.

Table 4 Default output rules for trace logs

Destination

Log source modules

Output switch

Severity

Trace log file

All supported modules

Enabled

Debugging

Log formats and field descriptions

Log formats

The format of logs varies by output destinations. Table 5 shows the original format of log information, which might be different from what you see. The actual format varies by the log resolution tool used.

Table 5 Log formats

Output destination

Format

Console, monitor terminal, or log buffer

Prefix Timestamp Sysname Module/Level/Mnemonic: Content

Example:

%Nov 24 14:21:43:502 2016 Sysname SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: VTY logged in from 192.168.1.26.

Log host

Standard format:

<PRI>Timestamp Sysname %%vvModule/Level/Mnemonic: Location; Content

Example:

<190>Nov 24 16:22:21 2016 Sysname %%10SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: -DevIP=1.1.1.1; VTY logged in from 192.168.1.26<190>Nov 24 16:22:21 2016 Sysname %%10 SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: -DevIP=1.1.1.1; VTY logged in from 192.168.1.26.

Unicom format:

<PRI>Timestamp Hostip vvModule/Level/Serial_number: Content

Example:

<189>Oct 13 16:48:08 2016 10.1.1.1 10SHELL/5/210231a64jx073000020: VTY logged in from 192.168.1.21.

CMCC format:

<PRI>Timestamp Sysname %vvModule/Level/Mnemonic: Location; Content

Example:

<189>Oct 9 14:59:04 2016 Sysname %10SHELL/5/SHELL_LOGIN: VTY logged in from 192.168.1.21.

Log field description

Table 6 Log field description

Field

Description

Prefix (information type)

A log sent to the console, monitor terminal, or log buffer has an identifier in front of the timestamp:

·     An identifier of percent sign (%) indicates a log with a level equal to or higher than informational.

·     An identifier of asterisk (*) indicates a debugging log or a trace log.

·     An identifier of caret (^) indicates a diagnostic log.

PRI (priority)

A log destined for the log host has a priority identifier in front of the timestamp. The priority is calculated by using this formula: facility*8+level, where:

·     facility is the facility name. Facility names local0 through local7 correspond to values 16 through 23. The facility name can be configured using the info-center loghost command. It is used to identify log sources on the log host, and to query and filter the logs from specific log sources.

·     level is in the range of 0 to 7. See Table 1 for more information about severity levels.

Timestamp

Records the time when the log was generated.

Logs sent to the log host and those sent to the other destinations have different timestamp precisions, and their timestamp formats are configured with different commands. For more information, see Table 7 and Table 8.

Hostip

Source IP address of the log. If the info-center loghost source command is configured, this field displays the IP address of the specified source interface. Otherwise, this field displays the sysname.

This field exists only in logs in unicom format that are sent to the log host.

Serial number

Serial number of the device that generated the log.

This field exists only in logs in unicom format that are sent to the log host.

Sysname (host name or host IP address)

The sysname is the host name or IP address of the device that generated the log. You can use the sysname command to modify the name of the device.

%% (vendor ID)

Indicates that the information was generated by an H3C device.

This field exists only in logs sent to the log host.

vv (version information)

Identifies the version of the log, and has a value of 10.

This field exists only in logs that are sent to the log host.

Module

Specifies the name of the module that generated the log. You can enter the info-center source ? command in system view to view the module list.

Level

Identifies the level of the log. See Table 1 for more information about severity levels.

Mnemonic

Describes the content of the log. It contains a string of up to 32 characters.

Location

Optional field that identifies the log sender. This field exists only in logs that are sent to the log host in standard or CMCC format.

The field contains the following information:

Devlp—IP address of the log sender.

Content

Provides the content of the log.

Table 7 Timestamp precisions and configuration commands

Item

Destined for the log host

Destined for the console, monitor terminal, log buffer, and log file

Precision

Seconds (default) or milliseconds

Milliseconds

Command used to set the timestamp format

info-center timestamp loghost

info-center timestamp

Table 8 Description of the timestamp parameters

Timestamp parameters

Description

boot

Time that has elapsed since system startup, in the format of xxx.yyy. xxx represents the higher 32 bits, and yyy represents the lower 32 bits, of milliseconds elapsed.

Logs that are sent to all destinations other than a log host support this parameter.

Example:

%0.109391473 Sysname FTPD/5/FTPD_LOGIN: User ftp (192.168.1.23) has logged in successfully.

0.109391473 is a timestamp in the boot format.

date

Current date and time:

·     For logs output to a log host, the timestamp can be in the format of MMM DD hh:mm:ss YYYY (accurate to seconds) or MMM DD hh:mm:ss.ms YYYY (accurate to milliseconds).

·     For logs output to other destinations, the timestamp is in the format of MMM DD hh:mm:ss:ms YYYY.

All logs support this parameter.

Example:

%May 30 05:36:29:579 2018 Sysname FTPD/5/FTPD_LOGIN: User ftp (192.168.1.23) has logged in successfully.

May 30 05:36:29:579 2018 is a timestamp in the date format in logs sent to the console.

iso

Timestamp format stipulated in ISO 8601, accurate to seconds (default) or milliseconds.

Only logs that are sent to a log host support this parameter.

Example:

<189>2018-05-30T06:42:44 Sysname %%10FTPD/5/FTPD_LOGIN: User ftp (192.168.1.23) has logged in successfully.

2018-05-30T06:42:44 is a timestamp in the iso format accurate to seconds. A timestamp accurate to milliseconds is like 2018-05-30T06:42:44.708.

none

No timestamp is included.

All logs support this parameter.

Example:

% Sysname FTPD/5/FTPD_LOGIN: User ftp (192.168.1.23) has logged in successfully.

No timestamp is included.

no-year-date

Current date and time without year information, in the format of MMM DD hh:mm:ss:ms.

Only logs that are sent to a log host support this parameter.

Example:

<189>May 30 06:44:22 Sysname %%10FTPD/5/FTPD_LOGIN(l): User ftp (192.168.1.23) has logged in successfully.

May 30 06:44:22 is a timestamp in the no-year-date format.

Information center tasks at a glance

Managing standard system logs

1.     Enabling the information center

2.     Outputting logs to various destinations

Choose the following tasks as needed:

¡     Outputting logs to the console

¡     Outputting logs to the monitor terminal

¡     Outputting logs to log hosts

¡     Outputting logs to the log buffer

3.     (Optional.) Setting the minimum storage period for logs

4.     (Optional.) Enabling synchronous information output

5.     (Optional.) Configuring log suppression

Choose the following tasks as needed:

¡     Enabling duplicate log suppression

¡     Disabling an interface from generating link up or link down logs

Managing hidden logs

1.     Enabling the information center

2.     Outputting logs to various destinations

Choose the following tasks as needed:

¡     Outputting logs to log hosts

¡     Outputting logs to the log buffer

3.     (Optional.) Setting the minimum storage period for logs

4.     (Optional.) Enabling duplicate log suppression

Managing trace logs

1.     Enabling the information center

2.     (Optional.) Enabling duplicate log suppression

Enabling the information center

About this task

The information center can output logs only after it is enabled.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable the information center.

info-center enable

The information center is enabled by default.

Outputting logs to various destinations

Outputting logs to the console

Restrictions and guidelines

The terminal monitor, terminal debugging, and terminal logging commands take effect only for the current connection between the terminal and the device. If a new connection is established, the default is restored.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Configure an output rule for sending logs to the console.

info-center source { module-name | default } console { deny | level severity }

For information about default output rules, see "Default output rules for logs."

3.     (Optional.) Configure the timestamp format.

info-center timestamp { boot | date | none }

The default timestamp format is date.

4.     Return to user view.

quit

5.     Enable log output to the console.

terminal monitor

By default, log output to the console is enabled.

6.     Enable output of debugging messages to the console.

terminal debugging

By default, output of debugging messages to the console is disabled.

This command enables output of debugging-level log messages to the console.

7.     Set the lowest severity level of logs that can be output to the console.

terminal logging level severity

The default setting is 6 (informational).

Outputting logs to the monitor terminal

About this task

Monitor terminals refer to terminals that log in to the device through the VTY line.

Restrictions and guidelines

The terminal monitor, terminal debugging, and terminal logging commands take effect only for the current connection between the terminal and the device. If a new connection is established, the default is restored.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Configure an output rule for sending logs to the monitor terminal.

info-center source { module-name | default } monitor { deny | level severity }

For information about default output rules, see "Default output rules for logs."

3.     (Optional.) Configure the timestamp format.

info-center timestamp { boot | date | none }

The default timestamp format is date.

4.     Return to user view.

quit

5.     Enable log output to the monitor terminal.

terminal monitor

By default, log output to the monitor terminal is disabled.

6.     Enable output of debugging messages to the monitor terminal.

terminal debugging

By default, output of debugging messages to the monitor terminal is disabled.

This command enables output of debugging-level log messages to the monitor terminal.

7.     Set the lowest level of logs that can be output to the monitor terminal.

terminal logging level severity

The default setting is 6 (informational).

Outputting logs to log hosts

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Configure a log output filter or a log output rule.

¡     Configure a log output rule for the log host output destination.

info-center source { module-name | default } loghost { deny | level severity }

For information about default output rules, see "Default output rules for logs."

3.     (Optional.) Specify a source IP address for output logs.

info-center loghost source interface-type interface-number

By default, the source IP address of output logs is the primary IP address of their outgoing interfaces.

4.     (Optional.) Specify the format in which logs are output to log hosts.

info-center format { unicom | cmcc }

By default, logs are output to log hosts in standard format.

5.     (Optional.) Configure the timestamp format.

info-center timestamp loghost { date [ with-milliseconds ] | iso [ with-milliseconds ] | no-year-date | none }

The default timestamp format is date.

6.     Specify a log host and configure related parameters.

info-center loghost { hostname | ipv4-address | ipv6 ipv6-address } [ port port-number ] [ facility local-number ]

By default, no log hosts or related parameters are specified.

The value for the port-number argument must be the same as the value configured on the log host. Otherwise, the log host cannot receive logs.

Outputting logs to the log buffer

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Configure an output rule for sending logs to the log buffer.

info-center source { module-name | default } logbuffer { deny | level severity }

For information about default output rules, see "Default output rules for logs."

3.     (Optional.) Configure the timestamp format.

info-center timestamp { boot | date | none }

The default timestamp format is date.

4.     Enable log output to the log buffer.

info-center logbuffer

By default, log output to the log buffer is enabled.

5.     (Optional.) Set the maximum log buffer size.

info-center logbuffer size buffersize

By default, a maximum of 512 logs can be buffered.

Setting the minimum storage period for logs

About this task

Use this feature to set the minimum storage period for logs in the log buffer. This feature ensures that logs will not be overwritten by new logs during a set period of time.

By default, new logs will automatically overwrite the oldest logs when the maximum log storage capacity is reached. After the minimum storage period is set, the system identifies the storage period of a log to determine whether to delete the log. The system current time minus a log's generation time is the log's storage period.

·     If the storage period of a log is shorter than or equal to the minimum storage period, the system does not delete the log. The new log will not be saved.

·     If the storage period of a log is longer than the minimum storage period, the system deletes the log to save the new log.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Set the log minimum storage period.

info-center syslog min-age min-age

By default, the log minimum storage period is not set.

Enabling synchronous information output

About this task

System log output interrupts ongoing configuration operations, obscuring previously entered commands. Synchronous information output shows the obscured commands. It also provides a command prompt in command editing mode, or a [Y/N] string in interaction mode so you can continue your operation from where you were stopped.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable synchronous information output.

info-center synchronous

By default, synchronous information output is disabled.

Configuring log suppression

Enabling duplicate log suppression

About this task

Output of consecutive duplicate logs (logs that have the same module name, level, mnemonic, location, and text) wastes system and network resources.

With duplicate log suppression enabled, the system starts a suppression period upon outputting a log:

·     If only duplicate logs are received during the suppression period, the information center does not output the duplicate logs. When the suppression period expires, the information center outputs the suppressed log and the number of times the log is suppressed.

·     If a different log is received during the suppression period, the information center performs the following operations:

¡     Outputs the suppressed log and the number of times the log is suppressed.

¡     Outputs the different log and starts a suppression period for that log.

·     If no log is received within the suppression period, the information center does not output any message when the suppression period expires.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable duplicate log suppression.

info-center logging suppress duplicates

By default, duplicate log suppression is disabled.

Disabling an interface from generating link up or link down logs

About this task

By default, an interface generates link up or link down log information when the interface state changes. In some cases, you might want to disable certain interfaces from generating this information. For example:

·     You are concerned about the states of only some interfaces. In this case, you can use this function to disable other interfaces from generating link up and link down log information.

·     An interface is unstable and continuously outputs log information. In this case, you can disable the interface from generating link up and link down log information.

Use the default setting in normal cases to avoid affecting interface status monitoring.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Disable the interface from generating link up or link down logs.

undo enable log updown

By default, an interface generates link up and link down logs when the interface state changes.

Display and maintenance commands for information center

Execute display commands in any view and reset commands in user view.

 

Task

Command

Display the information center configuration.

display info-center

Display log buffer information and buffered logs.

display logbuffer  [ reverse ] [ level severity | size buffersize ] * [ last-mins mins ]

Display the log buffer summary.

display logbuffer summary [ level severity ]

Clear the log buffer.

reset logbuffer

Information center configuration examples

Example: Outputting logs to the console

Network configuration

Configure the AP to output to the console APR logs that have a minimum severity level of warning.

Figure 2 Network diagram

Procedure

# Enable the information center.

<AP> system-view

[AP] info-center enable

# Disable log output to the console.

[AP] info-center source default console deny

To avoid output of unnecessary information, disable all modules from outputting logs to the specified destination (console in this example) before you configure the output rule.

# Configure an output rule to output to the console ARP logs that have a minimum severity level of warning.

[AP] info-center source arp console level warning

[AP] quit

# Enable log output to the console.

<AP> terminal logging level 6

<AP> terminal monitor

The current terminal is enabled to display logs.

Now, if the ARP module generates logs, the information center automatically sends the logs to the console, and the console displays the logs on the monitor terminal.

Example: Outputting logs to a UNIX log host

Network configuration

Configure the AP to output to the UNIX log host ARP logs that have a minimum severity level of informational.

Figure 3 Network diagram

Procedure

 

1.     Make sure the AP and the log host can reach each other. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure the AP:

# Enable the information center.

<AP> system-view

[AP] info-center enable

# Specify log host 1.2.0.1/16 with local4 as the logging facility.

[AP] info-center loghost 1.2.0.1 facility local4

# Disable log output to the log host.

[AP] info-center source default loghost deny

To avoid output of unnecessary information, disable all modules from outputting logs to the specified destination (loghost in this example) before you configure an output rule.

# Configure an output rule to output to the log host ARP logs that have a minimum severity level of informational.

[AP] info-center source arp loghost level informational

3.     Configure the log host:

The following configurations were performed on Solaris. Other UNIX operating systems have similar configurations.

a.     Log in to the log host as a root user.

b.     Create a subdirectory named AP in directory /var/log/, and then create file info.log in the AP directory to save logs from the AP.

# mkdir /var/log/AP

# touch /var/log/AP/info.log

c.     Edit file syslog.conf in directory /etc/ and add the following contents:

# AP configuration messages

local4.info /var/log/AP/info.log

In this configuration, local4 is the name of the logging facility that the log host uses to receive logs. The value info indicates the informational severity level. The UNIX system records the log information that has a minimum severity level of informational to file /var/log/AP/info.log.

 

 

NOTE:

Follow these guidelines while editing file /etc/syslog.conf:

·     Comments must be on a separate line and must begin with a pound sign (#).

·     No redundant spaces are allowed after the file name.

·     The logging facility name and the severity level specified in the /etc/syslog.conf file must be identical to those configured on the AP by using the info-center loghost and info-center source commands. Otherwise, the log information might not be output to the log host correctly.

d.     Display the process ID of syslogd, kill the syslogd process, and then restart syslogd by using the –r option to validate the configuration.

# ps -ae | grep syslogd

147

# kill -HUP 147

# syslogd -r &

Now, the AP can output ARP logs to the log host, which stores the logs to the specified file.

 

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