Contents

Configuring static routing· 1

Configuring a static route· 1

Configuring BFD for static routes· 1

Bidirectional control mode· 2

Single-hop echo mode· 2

Displaying and maintaining static routes· 3

Static route configuration examples· 3

Basic static route configuration example· 3

BFD for static routes configuration example (direct next hop) 5

BFD for static routes configuration example (indirect next hop) 7

Configuring a default route· 11

 

Configuring static routing

Static routes are manually configured. If a network's topology is simple, you only need to configure static routes for the network to work correctly.

Static routes cannot adapt to network topology changes. If a fault or a topological change occurs in the network, the network administrator must modify the static routes manually.

Configuring a static route

Before you configure a static route, complete the following tasks:

·     Configure the physical parameters for related interfaces.

·     Configure the link-layer attributes for related interfaces.

·     Configure the IP addresses for related interfaces.

You can associate Track with a static route to monitor the reachability of the next hops. For more information about Track, see High Availability Configuration Guide.

To configure a static route:

 

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     (Optional.) Create a static route group and enter its view.	ip route-static-group group-name	By default, no static route group is configured.
3.     (Optional.) Add a static route prefix to the static route group.	prefix dest-address { mask-length | mask }	By default, no static route prefix is added to the static route group.
4.     (Optional.) Return to system view.	quit	N/A
5.     Configure a static route.	ip route-static { dest-address { mask-length | mask } | group group-name } { interface-type interface-number [ next-hop-address ] | next-hop-address [ track track-entry-number ] } [ permanent ] [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]	By default, no static route is configured.
6.     (Optional.) Configure the default preference for static routes.	ip route-static default-preference default-preference	The default setting is 60.
7.     (Optional.) Delete all static routes, including the default route.	delete static-routes all	To delete one static route, use the undo ip route-static command.

 

Configuring BFD for static routes

	IMPORTANT: Enabling BFD for a flapping route could worsen the situation.

 

BFD provides a general-purpose, standard, medium-, and protocol-independent fast failure detection mechanism. It can uniformly and quickly detect the failures of the bidirectional forwarding paths between two routers for protocols, such as routing protocols.

For more information about BFD, see High Availability Configuration Guide.

Bidirectional control mode

To use BFD bidirectional control detection between two devices, enable BFD control mode for each device's static route destined to the peer.

To configure a static route and enable BFD control mode, use one of the following methods:

·     Specify an output interface and a direct next hop.

·     Specify an indirect next hop and a specific BFD packet source address for the static route.

To configure BFD control mode for a static route (direct next hop):

 

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     Configure BFD control mode for a static route.	ip route-static dest-address { mask-length | mask } interface-type interface-number next-hop-address bfd control-packet [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]	By default, BFD control mode for a static route is not configured.

 

To configure BFD control mode for a static route (indirect next hop):

 

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     Configure BFD control mode for a static route.	ip route-static dest-address { mask-length | mask } next-hop-address bfd control-packet bfd-source ip-address [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]	By default, BFD control mode for a static route is not configured.

 

Single-hop echo mode

With BFD echo mode enabled for a static route, the output interface sends BFD echo packets to the destination device, which loops the packets back to test the link reachability.

 

	IMPORTANT: Do not use BFD for a static route with the output interface in spoofing state.

 

To configure BFD echo mode for a static route:

 

Step	Command	Remarks
1.     Enter system view.	system-view	N/A
2.     Configure the source address of echo packets.	bfd echo-source-ip ip-address	By default, the source address of echo packets is not configured. For more information about this command, see High Availability Command Reference.
3.     Configure BFD echo mode for a static route.	ip route-static dest-address { mask-length | mask } interface-type interface-number next-hop-address bfd echo-packet [ preference preference ] [ tag tag-value ] [ description text ]	By default, BFD echo mode for a static route is not configured.

 

Displaying and maintaining static routes

Execute display commands in any view.

 

Task	Command
Display static route information.	display ip routing-table protocol static [ inactive | verbose ]
Display static route next hop information.	display route-static nib [ nib-id ] [ verbose ]
Display static routing table information.	display route-static routing-table [ ip-address { mask-length | mask } ]

 

Static route configuration examples

Basic static route configuration example

Network requirements

As shown in Figure 1, configure static routes on the switches for interconnections between any two hosts.

Figure 1 Network diagram

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Configure IP addresses for interfaces. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure static routes:

# Configure a default route on Switch A.

<SwitchA> system-view

[SwitchA] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.4.2

# Configure two static routes on Switch B.

<SwitchB> system-view

[SwitchB] ip route-static 1.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.4.1

[SwitchB] ip route-static 1.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.5.6

# Configure a default route on Switch C.

<SwitchC> system-view

[SwitchC] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 1.1.5.5

3.     Configure the default gateways of Host A, Host B, and Host C as 1.1.2.3, 1.1.6.1, and 1.1.3.1. (Details not shown.)

Verifying the configuration

# Display static routes on Switch A.

[SwitchA] display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

0.0.0.0/0           Static 60   0            1.1.4.2         Vlan500

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

# Display static routes on Switch B.

[SwitchB] display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 2

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 2

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

1.1.2.0/24          Static 60   0            1.1.4.1         Vlan500

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

# Use the ping command on Host B to test the reachability of Host A (Windows XP runs on the two hosts).

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping 1.1.2.2

 

Pinging 1.1.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:

 

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126

Reply from 1.1.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126

 

Ping statistics for 1.1.2.2:

    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

    Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

# Use the tracert command on Host B to test the reachability of Host A.

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>tracert 1.1.2.2

 

Tracing route to 1.1.2.2 over a maximum of 30 hops

 

  1    <1 ms    <1 ms    <1 ms  1.1.6.1

  2    <1 ms    <1 ms    <1 ms  1.1.4.1

  3     1 ms    <1 ms    <1 ms  1.1.2.2

 

Trace complete.

BFD for static routes configuration example (direct next hop)

Network requirements

Configure the following, as shown in Figure 2:

·     Configure a static route to subnet 120.1.1.0/24 on Switch A.

·     Configure a static route to subnet 121.1.1.0/24 on Switch B.

·     Enable BFD for both routes.

·     Configure a static route to subnet 120.1.1.0/24 and a static route to subnet 121.1.1.0/24 on Switch C.

When the link between Switch A and Switch B through the Layer 2 switch fails, BFD can detect the failure immediately. Switch A then communicates with Switch B through Switch C.

Figure 2 Network diagram

 

Table 1 Interface and IP address assignment

Device	Interface	IP address
Switch A	VLAN-interface 10	12.1.1.1/24
Switch A	VLAN-interface 11	10.1.1.102/24
Switch B	VLAN-interface 10	12.1.1.2/24
Switch B	VLAN-interface 13	13.1.1.1/24
Switch C	VLAN-interface 11	10.1.1.100/24
Switch C	VLAN-interface 13	13.1.1.2/24

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Configure IP addresses for the interfaces. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure static routes and BFD:

# Configure static routes on Switch A and enable BFD control mode for the static route that traverses the Layer 2 switch.

<SwitchA> system-view

[SwitchA] interface vlan-interface 10

[SwitchA-vlan-interface10] bfd min-transmit-interval 500

[SwitchA-vlan-interface10] bfd min-receive-interval 500

[SwitchA-vlan-interface10] bfd detect-multiplier 9

[SwitchA-vlan-interface10] quit

[SwitchA] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 vlan-interface 10 12.1.1.2 bfd control-packet

[SwitchA] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 vlan-interface 11 10.1.1.100 preference 65

[SwitchA] quit

# Configure static routes on Switch B and enable BFD control mode for the static route that traverses the Layer 2 switch.

<SwitchB> system-view

[SwitchB] interface vlan-interface 10

[SwitchB-vlan-interface10] bfd min-transmit-interval 500

[SwitchB-vlan-interface10] bfd min-receive-interval 500

[SwitchB-vlan-interface10] bfd detect-multiplier 9

[SwitchB-vlan-interface10] quit

[SwitchB] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 vlan-interface 10 12.1.1.1 bfd control-packet

[SwitchB] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 vlan-interface 13 13.1.1.2 preference 65

[SwitchB] quit

# Configure static routes on Switch C.

<SwitchC> system-view

[SwitchC] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 13.1.1.1

[SwitchC] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 10.1.1.102

Verifying the configuration

# Display BFD sessions on Switch A.

<SwitchA> display bfd session

 

 Total Session Num: 1     Up Session Num: 1     Init Mode: Active

 

 IPv4 Session Working Under Ctrl Mode:

 

 LD/RD          SourceAddr      DestAddr        State    Holdtime    Interface

 4/7            12.1.1.1        12.1.1.2        Up       2000ms      Vlan10

The output shows that the BFD session has been created.

# Display the static routes on Switch A.

<SwitchA> display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

120.1.1.0/24        Static 60   0            12.1.1.2        Vlan10

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

The output shows that Switch A communicates with Switch B through VLAN-interface 10. Then the link over VLAN-interface 10 fails.

# Display static routes on Switch A.

<SwitchA> display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

120.1.1.0/24        Static 65   0            10.1.1.100      Vlan11

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

The output shows that Switch A communicates with Switch B through VLAN-interface 11.

BFD for static routes configuration example (indirect next hop)

Network requirements

Figure 3 shows the network topology as follows:

·     Switch A has a route to interface Loopback 1 (2.2.2.9/32) on Switch B, with the output interface VLAN-interface 10.

·     Switch B has a route to interface Loopback 1 (1.1.1.9/32) on Switch A, with the output interface VLAN-interface 12.

·     Switch D has a route to 1.1.1.9/32, with the output interface VLAN-interface 10, and a route to 2.2.2.9/32, with the output interface VLAN-interface 12.

Configure the following:

·     Configure a static route to subnet 120.1.1.0/24 on Switch A.

·     Configure a static route to subnet 121.1.1.0/24 on Switch B.

·     Enable BFD for both routes.

·     Configure a static route to subnet 120.1.1.0/24 and a static route to subnet 121.1.1.0/24 on both Switch C and Switch D.

When the link between Switch A and Switch B through Switch D fails, BFD can detect the failure immediately. Switch A then communicates with Switch B through Switch C.

Figure 3 Network diagram

 

Table 2 Interface and IP address assignment

Device	Interface	IP address
Switch A	VLAN-interface 10	12.1.1.1/24
Switch A	VLAN-interface 11	10.1.1.102/24
Switch A	Loopback 1	1.1.1.9/32
Switch B	VLAN-interface 12	11.1.1.1/24
Switch B	VLAN-interface 13	13.1.1.1/24
Switch B	Loopback 1	2.2.2.9/32
Switch C	VLAN-interface 11	10.1.1.100/24
Switch C	VLAN-interface 13	13.1.1.2/24
Switch D	VLAN-interface 10	12.1.1.2/24
Switch D	VLAN-interface 12	11.1.1.2/24

 

Configuration procedure

1.     Configure IP addresses for interfaces. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure static routes and BFD:

# Configure static routes on Switch A and enable BFD control mode for the static route that traverses Switch D.

<SwitchA> system-view

[SwitchA] bfd multi-hop min-transmit-interval 500

[SwitchA] bfd multi-hop min-receive-interval 500

[SwitchA] bfd multi-hop detect-multiplier 9

[SwitchA] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 2.2.2.9 bfd control-packet bfd-source 1.1.1.9

[SwitchA] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 vlan-interface 11 10.1.1.100 preference 65

[SwitchA] quit

# Configure static routes on Switch B and enable BFD control mode for the static route that traverses Switch D.

<SwitchB> system-view

[SwitchB] bfd multi-hop min-transmit-interval 500

[SwitchB] bfd multi-hop min-receive-interval 500

[SwitchB] bfd multi-hop detect-multiplier 9

[SwitchB] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 1.1.1.9 bfd control-packet bfd-source 2.2.2.9

[SwitchB] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 vlan-interface 13 13.1.1.2 preference 65

[SwitchB] quit

# Configure static routes on Switch C.

<SwitchC> system-view

[SwitchC] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 13.1.1.1

[SwitchC] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 10.1.1.102

# Configure static routes on Switch D.

<SwitchD> system-view

[SwitchD] ip route-static 120.1.1.0 24 11.1.1.1

[SwitchD] ip route-static 121.1.1.0 24 12.1.1.1

Verifying the configuration

# Display BFD sessions on Switch A.

<SwitchA> display bfd session

 

 Total Session Num: 1     Up Session Num: 1     Init Mode: Active

 

 IPv4 Session Working Under Ctrl Mode:

 

 LD/RD          SourceAddr      DestAddr        State    Holdtime    Interface

 4/7            1.1.1.9         2.2.2.9         Up       2000ms      N/A

The output shows that the BFD session has been created.

# Display the static routes on Switch A.

<SwitchA> display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

120.1.1.0/24        Static 60   0            12.1.1.2        Vlan10

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

The output shows that Switch A communicates with Switch B through VLAN-interface 10. Then the link over VLAN-interface 10 fails.

# Display static routes on Switch A.

<SwitchA> display ip routing-table protocol static

 

Summary Count : 1

 

Static Routing table Status : <Active>

Summary Count : 1

 

Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost         NextHop         Interface

120.1.1.0/24        Static 65   0            10.1.1.100      Vlan11

 

Static Routing table Status : <Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

The output shows that Switch A communicates with Switch B through VLAN-interface 11.

 

Configuring a default route

A default route is used to forward packets that do not match any specific routing entry in the routing table. Without a default route, packets that do not match any routing entries are discarded.

A default route can be configured in either of the following ways:

·     The network administrator can configure a default route with both destination and mask being 0.0.0.0. For more information, see "Configuring static routing."

·     Some dynamic routing protocols, such as OSPF and RIP, can generate a default route. For example, an upstream router running OSPF can generate a default route and advertise it to other routers. These routers install the default route with the next hop being the upstream router. For more information, see the respective chapters on these routing protocols in this configuration guide.