CLI login:

Configuring CLI login

·     Local console or AUX login

By default, console login and local AUX login are both enabled. Console login does not require authentication. Local AUX login requires password authentication but the password is null. The user role is network-admin for a console user and is network-operator for an AUX user. To improve device security, perform the following tasks immediately after you log in to the device for the first time:

·     Configure password or scheme authentication for the console line.

Configure a password or configure scheme authentication for the AUX line.

Configuring local console or AUX login

·     Telnet login

By default, Telnet login is disabled.

To enable Telnet login, perform the following tasks:

·     Enable the Telnet server feature.

·     Assign an IP address to a Layer 3 interface and make sure the interface and the Telnet client can reach each other.

·     Configure an authentication mode for VTY login users. By default, password authentication is used but no password is configured.

·     Assign a user role to VTY login users. By default, a VTY login user is assigned the network-operator user role.

Configuring Telnet login

·     SSH login

By default, SSH login is disabled.

To enable SSH login, perform the following tasks:

·     Enable the SSH server feature and configure SSH attributes.

·     Assign an IP address to a Layer 3 interface. Make sure the interface and the SSH client can reach each other.

·     Configure scheme authentication for VTY login users. By default, password authentication is used.

·     Assign a user role to VTY login users. By default, a VTY login user is assigned the network-operator user role.

Configuring SSH login

SNMP access

By default, SNMP access is disabled.

To enable SNMP access, perform the following tasks:

·     Assign an IP address to a Layer 3 interface. Make sure the interface and the NMS can reach each other.

·     Configure SNMP basic parameters.

Accessing the device through SNMP

Console line

Console port.

AUX line

AUX port.

Virtual type terminal (VTY) line

Telnet or SSH.

None

Set the authentication mode to none.

Password

1.     Set the authentication mode to password.

2.     Set a password.

Scheme

1.     Set the authentication mode to scheme.

2.     Configure login authentication methods in ISP domain view. For more information, see Security Configuration Guide.

(Required.) Perform one of the following tasks:

·     Disabling authentication for console or AUX login

·     Configuring password authentication for console or AUX login

·     Configuring scheme authentication for console or AUX login

In FIPS mode, only the scheme authentication mode is supported.

(Optional.) Configuring common console or AUX line settings

N/A

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter console/AUX line view or class view.

·     Enter console or AUX line view:
line { aux | console } first-number [ last-number ]

·     Enter console or AUX line class view:
line class { aux | console }

A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over a default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over a non-default setting in user line class view.

A setting in user line class view does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

3.     Disable authentication.

authentication-mode none

N/A

4.     Assign a user role.

user-role role-name

N/A

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter console/AUX line view or class view.

·     Enter console or AUX line view:
line { aux | console } first-number [ last-number ]

·     Enter console or AUX line class view:
line class { aux | console }

A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over a default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over a non-default setting in user line class view.

A setting in user line class view does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

3.     Enable password authentication.

authentication-mode password

N/A

4.     Set a password.

set authentication password { hash | simple } password

By default, no password is set.

5.     Assign a user role.

user-role role-name

N/A

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter console/AUX line view or class view.

·     Enter console or AUX line view:
line { aux | console } first-number [ last-number ]

·     Enter console or AUX line class view:
line class { aux | console }

A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over a default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over a non-default setting in user line class view.

A setting in user line class view does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

3.     Enable scheme authentication.

authentication-mode scheme

N/A

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter console/AUX line view or class view.

·     Enter console or AUX line view:
line { aux | console } first-number [ last-number ]

·     Enter console or AUX line class view:
line class { aux | console }

A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over a default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over a non-default setting in user line class view.

A setting in user line class view does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

3.     Set the transmission rate.

speed speed-value

By default, the transmission rate is 9600 bps.

This command is not available in console or AUX line class view.

4.     Specify the parity.

parity { even | mark | none | odd | space }

By default, a user line does not use parity.

This command is not available in console or AUX line class view.

5.     Specify the number of stop bits for a character.

stopbits { 1 | 1.5 | 2 }

The default is 1.

Stop bits indicate the end of a character. The more the stop bits, the slower the transmission.

This command is not available in console or AUX line class view.

6.     Specify the number of data bits for a character.

databits { 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 }

The default is 8.

Configure this command depending on the character coding type. For example, set the number of data bits to 7 for standard ASCII characters. Set the number of data bits to 8 for extended ASCII characters.

Keywords 5 and 6 are not supported in the current software version.

This command is not available in console or AUX line class view.

7.     Specify the terminal session activation key.

activation-key character

By default, pressing Enter starts the terminal session.

8.     Specify the escape key.

escape-key { character | default }

By default, pressing Ctrl+C terminates a command.

9.     Set the user line locking key.

lock-key key-string

By default, no user line locking key is set.

10.     Configure the flow control mode.

flow-control { hardware | none | software }

By default, flow control is disabled.

This command is not available in console or AUX line class view.

11.     Specify the terminal display type.

terminal type { ansi | vt100 }

By default, the terminal display type is ANSI.

The device supports ANSI and VT100 terminal display types. As a best practice, specify VT100 type on both the device and the configuration terminal. If either side uses the ANSI type, a display problem might occur when a command line has more than 80 characters. For example, a cursor positioning error might occur.

12.     Set the maximum number of lines of command output to send to the terminal at a time.

screen-length screen-length

By default, the device sends up to 24 lines to the terminal at a time when pausing between screens of output is enabled.

To disable pausing between screens of output, set the value to 0.

13.     Set the size for the command history buffer.

history-command max-size value

By default, the buffer saves up to 10 history commands.

14.     Set the CLI connection idle-timeout timer.

idle-timeout minutes [ seconds ]

By default, the CLI connection idle-timeout timer is 10 minutes.

If no interaction occurs between the device and the user within the idle-timeout interval, the system automatically terminates the user connection on the user line.

If you set the timeout timer to 0, the connection will not be aged out.

15.     Specify the command to be automatically executed for login users on the lines.

auto-execute command command

By default, no command is specified for a user line to be automatically executed.

The device will automatically execute the specified command when a user logs in through the user line, and close the user connection after the command is executed.

This command is not available in console line view or console line class view.

16.     Enable the terminal service.

shell

Be default, the terminal service is enabled on all user lines.

This command is not available in console line view or console line class view.

(Required.) Enabling Telnet server

(Required.) Perform one of the following tasks:

·     Disabling authentication for Telnet login

·     Configuring password authentication for Telnet login

·     Configuring scheme authentication for Telnet login

(Optional.) Configuring common Telnet server settings

(Optional.) Configuring common VTY line settings

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enable the Telnet server.

telnet server enable

By default, the Telnet server is disabled.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter VTY line view or class view.

·     Enter VTY line view:
line vty first-number [ last-number ]

·     Enter VTY line class view:
line class vty

A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over a default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over a non-default setting in user line class view.

A setting in user line class view does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

3.     Disable authentication.

authentication-mode none

In non-FIPS mode, password authentication is enabled for VTY lines by default.

In VTY line view, this command is associated with the protocol inbound command. If you specify a non-default value for one of the two commands, the other command uses the default setting, regardless of the setting in VTY line class view.

4.     (Optional.) Assign a user role.

user-role role-name

By default, a VTY line user of the default MDC is assigned the user role network-operator. A VTY line user of a non-default MDC is assigned the user role mdc-operator.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter VTY line view or class view.

·     Enter VTY line view:
line vty first-number [ last-number ]

·     Enter VTY line class view:
line class vty

A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over a default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over a non-default setting in user line class view.

A setting in user line class view does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

3.     Enable password authentication.

authentication-mode password

In non-FIPS mode, password authentication is enabled for VTY lines by default.

In VTY line view, this command is associated with the protocol inbound command. If you specify a non-default value for one of the two commands, the other command uses the default setting, regardless of the setting in VTY line class view.

4.     Set a password.

set authentication password { hash | simple } password

By default, no password is set.

5.     (Optional.) Assign a user role.

user-role role-name

By default, a VTY line user of the default MDC is assigned the user role network-operator. A VTY line user of a non-default MDC is assigned the user role mdc-operator.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter VTY line view or class view.

·     Enter VTY line view:
line vty first-number [ last-number ]

·     Enter VTY line class view:
line class vty

A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over a default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over a non-default setting in user line class view.

A setting in user line class view does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

3.     Enable scheme authentication.

authentication-mode scheme

In non-FIPS mode, password authentication is enabled for VTY lines by default.

In VTY line view, this command is associated with the protocol inbound command. If you specify a non-default value for one of the two commands, the other command uses the default setting, regardless of the setting in VTY line class view.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Specify the Telnet service port number.

·     In an IPv4 network:
telnet server port port-number

·     In an IPv6 network:
telnet server ipv6 port port-number

By default, the Telnet service port number is 23.

3.     Set the DSCP value for outgoing Telnet packets.

·     For a Telnet server running IPv4:
telnet server dscp dscp-value

·     For a Telnet server running IPv6:
telnet server ipv6 dscp dscp-value

By default, the DSCP value is 48.

The DSCP value is carried in the ToS/Traffic class field of an IP or IPv6 packet to indicate the transmission priority of the packet.

4.     Set the maximum number of concurrent Telnet users.

aaa session-limit telnet max-sessions

By default, the maximum number of concurrent Telnet users is 32.

Changing this setting does not affect users who are currently online. If the new limit is less than the number of online Telnet users, no additional users can Telnet in until the number drops below the new limit.

For more information about this command, see Security Command Reference.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter VTY line view or class view.

·     Enter VTY line view:
line vty first-number [ last-number ]

·     Enter VTY line class view:
line class vty

A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over a default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over a non-default setting in user line class view.

A setting in user line class view does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

3.     Enable the terminal service.

shell

By default, the terminal service is enabled on all user lines.

4.     Specify the supported protocols.

protocol inbound { all | ssh | telnet }

By default, both Telnet and SSH are supported.

A protocol change does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

In VTY line view, this command is associated with the authentication-mode command. If you specify a non-default value for one of the two commands, the other command uses the default setting, regardless of the setting in VTY line class view.

5.     Specify the shortcut key for terminating a task.

escape-key { character | default }

The default setting is Ctrl+C.

6.     Set the user line locking key.

lock-key key-string

By default, no user line locking key is set.

7.     Specify the terminal display type.

terminal type { ansi | vt100 }

The default terminal display type is ANSI.

8.     Set the maximum number of lines of command output to send to the terminal at a time.

screen-length screen-length

By default, the device sends up to 24 lines to the terminal at a time when pausing between screens of output is enabled.

To disable pausing between screens of output, set the value to 0.

9.     Set the size for the command history buffer.

history-command max-size value

The default size is 10 history commands.

10.     Set the CLI connection idle-timeout timer.

idle-timeout minutes [ seconds ]

By default, the CLI connection idle-timeout timer is 10 minutes.

If no interaction occurs between the device and the user within the idle-timeout interval, the system automatically terminates the user connection on the user line.

If you set the timeout timer to 0, the connection will not be aged out.

11.     Specify the command to be automatically executed for login users on the user lines.

auto-execute command command

By default, no command is specified for auto execution.

 IMPORTANT:

Before you configure this command and save the configuration, make sure you can access the CLI through a different user line.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     (Optional.) Specify the source IPv4 address or source interface for outgoing Telnet packets.

telnet client source { interface interface-type interface-number | ip ip-address }

By default, no source IPv4 address or source interface is specified. The device uses the primary IPv4 address of the output interface as the source address for outgoing Telnet packets.

3.     Exit to user view.

quit

N/A

4.     Use the device to log in to a Telnet server.

·     Log in to an IPv4 Telnet server:
telnet remote-host [ service-port ] [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] [ source { interface interface-type interface-number | ip ip-address } ] [ dscp dscp-value ]

·     Log in to an IPv6 Telnet server:
telnet ipv6 remote-host [ -i interface-type interface-number ] [ port-number ] [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] [ source { interface interface-type interface-number | ipv6 ipv6-address } ] [ dscp dscp-value ]

N/A

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Create local key pairs.

·     In non-FIPS mode:
public-key local create { dsa | ecdsa | rsa }

·     In FIPS mode:
public-key local create { ecdsa | rsa }

By default, no local key pairs are created.

3.     Enable the Stelnet server.

ssh server enable

By default, the Stelnet server is disabled.

4.     (Optional.) Create an SSH user and specify the authentication mode.

·     In non-FIPS mode:
ssh user username service-type stelnet authentication-type { password | { any | password-publickey | publickey } assign publickey keyname }

·     In FIPS mode:
ssh user username service-type stelnet authentication-type { password | password-publickey assign publickey keyname }

By default, no SSH user is configured on the device.

5.     Enter VTY line view or class view.

·     Enter VTY line view:
line vty first-number [ last-number ]

·     Enter VTY line class view:
line class vty

A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over a default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over a non-default setting in user line class view.

A setting in user line class view does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

6.     Enable scheme authentication.

authentication-mode scheme

In non-FIPS mode, password authentication is enabled for VTY lines by default.

In FIPS mode, scheme authentication is enabled for VTY lines by default.

In VTY line view, this command is associated with the protocol inbound command. If you specify a non-default value for one of the two commands, the other command uses the default setting, regardless of the setting in VTY line class view.

7.     (Optional.) Specify the protocols for the user lines to support.

·     In non-FIPS mode:
protocol inbound { all | ssh | telnet }

·     In FIPS mode:
protocol inbound ssh

In non-FIPS mode, both Telnet and SSH are supported by default.

In FIPS mode, SSH is supported by default.

A protocol change does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

In VTY line view, this command is associated with the authentication-mode command. If you specify a non-default value for one of the two commands, the other command uses the default setting, regardless of the setting in VTY line class view.

8.     Exit to system view.

quit

N/A

9.     (Optional.) Configure common settings for VTY lines.

See "Configuring common VTY line settings."

N/A

10.     (Optional.) Set the maximum number of concurrent SSH users.

aaa session-limit ssh max-sessions

By default, he maximum number of concurrent SSH users is 32.

Changing this setting does not affect users who are currently online. If the new limit is less than the number of online SSH users, no additional SSH users can log in until the number drops below the new limit.

For more information about this command, see Security Command Reference.

Log in to an IPv4 SSH server.

ssh2 server

Log in to an IPv6 SSH server.

ssh2 ipv6 server

Display online CLI users.

display users [ all ]

N/A

Display user line information.

display line [ num1 | { aux | console | vty } num2 ] [ summary ]

N/A

Display the packet source setting for the Telnet client.

display telnet client

N/A

Release a user line.

free line { num1 | { aux | console | vty } num2 }

Multiple users can log in to the device to simultaneously configure the device. When necessary, you can execute this command to release some connections.

You cannot use this command to release the connection you are using.

This command is available in user view.

Lock the current user line and set the password for unlocking the line.

lock

By default, the system does not lock any user lines.

This command is not supported in FIPS mode.

This command is available in user view.

Lock the current user line and enable unlocking authentication.

lock reauthentication

By default, the system does not lock any user lines or initiate reauthentication.

To unlock the locked user line, you must press Enter and provide the login password to pass reauthentication.

This command is available in any view.

Send messages to user lines.

send { all | num1 | { aux | console | vty } num2 }

This command is available in user view.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Apply an ACL to filter Telnet logins.

·     telnet server acl acl-number

·     telnet server ipv6 acl [ ipv6 ] acl-number

By default, no ACL is used to filter Telnet logins.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Apply an ACL to filter SSH logins.

·     ssh server acl acl-number

·     ssh server ipv6 acl [ ipv6 ] acl-number

By default, no ACL is used to filter SSH logins.

For more information about these two commands, see Security Command Reference.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Configure the SNMP access right.

·     (Method 1.) Create an SNMP community and specify ACLs for the community:

¡     In VACM mode:
snmp-agent community { read | write } [ simple | cipher ] community-name [ mib-view view-name ] [ acl { ipv4-acl-number | name ipv4-acl-name } | acl ipv6 { ipv6-acl-number | name ipv6-acl-name } ] *

¡     In RBAC mode:
snmp-agent community [ simple | cipher ] community-name user-role role-name [ acl { ipv4-acl-number | name ipv4-acl-name } | acl ipv6 { ipv6-acl-number | name ipv6-acl-name } ] *

·     (Method 2.) Create an SNMPv1/v2c group and add a user to the group, specifying ACLs for the group and user:

a.     snmp-agent group { v1 | v2c } group-name [ read-view view-name ] [ write-view view-name ] [ notify-view view-name ] [ acl { ipv4-acl-number | name ipv4-acl-name } | acl ipv6 { ipv6-acl-number | name ipv6-acl-name } ] *

b.     snmp-agent usm-user { v1 | v2c } user-name group-name [ acl { ipv4-acl-number | name ipv4-acl-name } | acl ipv6 { ipv6-acl-number | name ipv6-acl-name } ] *

For more information about SNMP, see Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Create an SNMPv3 group, specifying ACLs for the group.

·     In non-FIPS mode:
snmp-agent group v3 group-name [ authentication | privacy ] [ read-view view-name ] [ write-view view-name ] [ notify-view view-name ] [ acl { ipv4-acl-number | name ipv4-acl-name } | acl ipv6 { ipv6-acl-number | name ipv6-acl-name } ] *

·     In FIPS mode:
snmp-agent group v3 group-name { authentication | privacy } [ read-view view-name ] [ write-view view-name ] [ notify-view view-name ] [ acl { ipv4-acl-number | name ipv4-acl-name } | acl ipv6 { ipv6-acl-number | name ipv6-acl-name } ] *

N/A

3.     Create an SNMPv3 user, specifying ACLs for the user.

In non-FIPS mode:

·     In VACM mode:
snmp-agent usm-user v3 user-name group-name [ remote { ipv4-address | ipv6 ipv6-address } [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] ] [ { cipher | simple } authentication-mode { md5 | sha } auth-password [ privacy-mode { aes128 | 3des | des56 } priv-password ] ] [ acl { ipv4-acl-number | name ipv4-acl-name } | acl ipv6 { ipv6-acl-number | name ipv6-acl-name } ] *

·     In RBAC mode:
snmp-agent usm-user v3 user-name user-role role-name [ remote { ipv4-address | ipv6 ipv6-address } [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] ] [ { cipher | simple } authentication-mode { md5 | sha } auth-password [ privacy-mode { aes128 | 3des | des56 } priv-password ] ] [ acl { ipv4-acl-number | name ipv4-acl-name } | acl ipv6 { ipv6-acl-number | name ipv6-acl-name } ] *

In FIPS mode:

·     In VACM mode:
snmp-agent usm-user v3 user-name group-name [ remote { ipv4-address | ipv6 ipv6-address } [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] ] { cipher | simple } authentication-mode sha auth-password [ privacy-mode aes128 priv-password ] [ acl { ipv4-acl-number | name ipv4-acl-name } | acl ipv6 { ipv6-acl-number | name ipv6-acl-name } ] *

·     In RBAC mode:
snmp-agent usm-user v3 user-name user-role role-name [ remote { ipv4-address | ipv6 ipv6-address } [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] ] { cipher | simple } authentication-mode sha auth-password [ privacy-mode aes128 priv-password ] [ acl { ipv4-acl-number | name ipv4-acl-name } | acl ipv6 { ipv6-acl-number | name ipv6-acl-name } ] *

For more information about SNMP, see Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter user line view or user line class view.

·     Enter user line view:
line { first-number1 [ last-number1 ] | { aux | console | vty } first-number2 [ last-number2 ] }

·     Enter user line class view:
line class { aux | console | vty }

A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over a default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over a non-default setting in user line class view.

A setting in user line class view does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

3.     Enable scheme authentication.

authentication-mode scheme

In non-FIPS mode, authentication is disabled for console lines, and password authentication is enabled for AUX and VTY lines by default. In FIPS mode, scheme authentication is enabled by default.

In VTY line view, this command is associated with the protocol inbound command. If you specify a non-default value for one of the two commands, the other command uses the default setting, regardless of the setting in VTY line class view.

4.     Enable command authorization.

command authorization

By default, command authorization is disabled, and the commands available for a user only depend on the user role.

If the command authorization command is configured in user line class view, command authorization is enabled on all user lines in the class. You cannot configure the undo command authorization command in the view of a user line in the class.

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

N/A

2.     Enter user line view or user line class view.

·     Enter user line view:
line { first-number1 [ last-number1 ] | { aux | console | vty } first-number2 [ last-number2 ] }

·     Enter user line class view:
line class { aux | console | vty }

A setting in user line view applies only to the user line. A setting in user line class view applies to all user lines of the class.

A non-default setting in either view takes precedence over a default setting in the other view. A non-default setting in user line view takes precedence over a non-default setting in user line class view.

A setting in user line class view does not take effect for current online users. It takes effect only for new login users.

3.     Enable scheme authentication.

authentication-mode scheme

In non-FIPS mode, authentication is disabled for console lines, and password authentication is enabled for AUX and VTY lines by default. In FIPS mode, scheme authentication is enabled by default.

In VTY line view, this command is associated with the protocol inbound command. If you specify a non-default value for one of the two commands, the other command uses the default setting, regardless of the setting in VTY line class view.

4.     Enable command accounting.

command accounting

By default, command accounting is disabled. The accounting server does not record the commands executed by users.

If the command accounting command is configured in user line class view, command accounting is enabled on all user lines in the class. You cannot configure the undo command accounting command in the view of a user line in the class.