An access control list (ACL) is mainly used for traffic classification. To filter data packets, a network device needs to be configured with a series of ACLs to identify the packets to be filtered. A network device can permit/deny specific packets in a predefined way only after the traffic is classified.

ACLs classify packets using a series of conditions known as rules. The conditions can be based on source addresses, destination addresses and port numbers carried in the packets.

The rules of an ACL can be referenced by other functions that need traffic classification, such as QoS.

According to their application purposes, ACLs fall into the following four types.

l Basic ACL. Rules are created based on Layer 3 source IP addresses only.

l Advanced ACL. Rules are created based on the Layer 3 and Layer 4 information such as the source and destination IP addresses, the type of the protocols carried by IP, protocol-specific features, and so on.

l Layer 2 ACL. Rules are created based on the Layer 2 information such as source and destination MAC addresses, VLAN priorities, Layer 2 protocols, and so on.

l User-defined ACL. An ACL of this type matches packets by comparing specific strings retrieved from the packets with specified strings.

1.1.1 ACLs Referenced by Upper-level Modules

ACL can also be used to filter and classify the packets to be processed by software. In this case, the rules in an ACL can be matched in one of the following two ways:

l config, where rules in an ACL are matched in the order defined by the user.

l auto, where the rules in an ACL are matched in the order determined by the system, namely the “depth-first” order.

When applying ACLs in this way, you can specify the order in which the rules in the ACL are matched. The matching order cannot be modified once it is determined unless you delete all the rules in the ACL.

An ACL is referenced by an upper-layer module when it is

l Referenced by route policies

l Used to control login users

1.1.2 ACL Matching Order

An ACL can contain multiple rules, each of which matches specific type of packets. So the order in which the rules of an ACL are matched needs to be determined.

The order in which the rules of an ACL are matched can be:

l The order the rules are created.

l The order determined by the system. In this case, the rues are matched according to the “depth-first” rule.

With the depth-first rule adopted, the rules of an ACL are matched according to:

1) Protocol range. The range for IP is 1 to 255 and those of other protocols are their protocol numbers. The smaller the protocol range, the higher the priority.

2) Range of source IP address. The smaller the source IP address range (that is, the longer the mask), the higher the priority.

3) Range of destination IP address. The smaller the destination IP address range (that is, the longer the mask), the higher the priority.

4) Range of Layer 4 port number, that is, of TCP/UDP port number. The smaller the range, the higher the priority.

If rule A and rule B are the same in all the four ACEs (access control elements) above, and also in their numbers of other ACEs to be considered in deciding their priority order, the weighting principles will be used in deciding their priority order, as listed below.

l Each ACE is given a fixed weighting value. This weighting value and the value of the ACE itself will jointly decide the final matching order.

l The weighting values of ACEs rank in the following descending order: DSCP, ToS, ICMP, established, VPN-instance, precedence, fragment.

l A fixed weighting value is deducted from the weighting value of each ACE of the rule. The smaller the weighting value left, the higher the priority.

l If the number and type of ACEs are the same for multiple rules, then the sum of ACE values of a rule determines its priority. The smaller the sum, the higher the priority.

1.1.3 Time Range-based ACL

A time range-based ACL takes effect only in specified time ranges.

You can specify a time range for each rule in an ACL. An ACL rule cannot take effect if you do not configure the time range for it. It takes effect only when the time range is configured and the system time is within the time range. If you remove the time range of an ACL rule, the ACL rule becomes invalid after the ACL rule timer refreshes.

1.1.4 Types of ACLs Supported by the Ethernet Switch

The following types of ACLs are supported by the Ethernet switch:

l Basic ACL

l Advanced ACL

l Layer 2 ACL

l User-defined ACL

1.2 Time Range Configuration

A time range can contain multiple time sections in a time range. The time sections in an ACL are of the logical OR relationship.

A time section can be periodic or absolute. A periodic time section is defined by specifying days of a week, while an absolute time section is defined by specifying the start time and the end time.

1.2.1 Configuration Procedure

Table 1-1 Configure a time range

Operation	Command	Description
Enter system view	system-view	—
Create a time range	time-range time-name { start-time to end-time days-of-the-week [ from start-time start-date ] [ to end-time end-date ] \| from start-time start-date [ to end-time end-date ] \| to end-time end-date }	Required
Display a time range or all the time ranges	display time-range { all \| time-name }	Optional This command can be executed in any view.

If only a periodic time section is defined in a time range, the time range is active only when the system time within the defined periodic time section.

If only an absolute time section is defined in a time range, the time range is active only when the system time within the defined absolute time section.

If both a periodic time section and an absolute time section are defined in a time range, the time range is active only when the periodic time range and the absolute time range are both matched. Assume that a time range contains an absolute time section ranging from 00:00 January 1, 2004 to 23:59 December 31, 2004, and a periodic time section ranging from 12:00 to 14:00 on every Wednesday. This time range is active only when the system time within the range from 12:00 to 14:00 on every Wednesday in 2004.

If the start time is not specified, the time section starts on the current date and ends on the end date.

If the end date is not specified, the time section ends on the most forward time the system can hold.

1.2.2 Configuration Example

# Define a time range that will be active from 8:00 to 18:00 on Monday through Friday.

<H3C> system-view

[H3C] time-range test 8:00 to 18:00 working-day

[H3C] display time-range test

Current time is 13:27:32 4/16/2005 Saturday

Time-range : test ( Inactive )

08:00 to 18:00 working-day

1.3 Basic ACL Configuration

A basic ACL filters packets based on their Layer 3 source IP addresses.

A basic ACL can be numbered from 2000 to 2999.

1.3.1 Configuration Preparation

To configure a time range-based basic ACL rule, you need to create the corresponding time range first. For information about time range configuration, refer to section 1.2 “Time Range Configuration”.

The source IP addresses based on which the ACL filters packets are determined.

1.3.2 Configuration Procedure

Table 1-2 Define a basic ACL rule

Operation	Command	Description
Enter system view	system-view	—
Create an ACL or enter basic ACL view	acl number acl-number [ match-order { config \| auto } ]	By the default, the matching order is config.
Define an ACL rule	rule [ rule-id ] { permit \| deny } [ fragment \| source { sour-addr sour-wildcard \| any } \| time-range time-name ]*	Required
Assign a description string to the ACL	description text	Optional
Display the information about an ACL or all the ACLs	display acl { all \| acl-number }	Optional This command can be executed in any view.

When you define an ACL rule using the rule command with the rule-id argument provided,

l If the ACL rule identified by the rule-id argument already exists, the settings specified in the rule command overwrite the corresponding settings of the existing rule. And the existing settings remain unchanged if the corresponding settings are not specified in the command.

l If the ACL rule identified by the rule-id argument does not exist, you will create a new rule.

l The content of a modified or created rule cannot be identical with the content of any existing rules; otherwise the rule modification or creation will fail, and the system prompts that the rule already exists.

If you do not specify the rule-id argument when creating an ACL rule, the rule will be numbered automatically.

1.3.3 Configuration Example

# Configure ACL 2000 to deny packets whose source IP addresses are 1.1.1.1.

<H3C> system-view

[H3C] acl number 2000

[H3C-acl-basic-2000] rule deny source 1.1.1.1 0

[H3C-acl-basic-2000] display acl 2000

Basic ACL 2000, 1 rule

Acl's step is 1

rule 0 deny source 1.1.1.1 0

1.4 Advanced ACL Configuration

An advanced ACL can filter packets by their source and destination IP addresses, the protocols carried by IP. The rules in an advanced ACL rule can based on protocol-specific features such as TCP/UDP source and destination ports, TCP flag bit, ICMP protocol type, code, and so on.

An advanced ACL can be numbered from 3000 to 3999.

Advanced ACLs support analysis and processing of three packet priority levels: type of service (ToS) priority, IP priority and differentiated services codepoint priority (DSCP).

Using advanced ACLs, you can define classification rules that are more accurate, more abundant, and more flexible than those defined for basic ACLs.

1.4.1 Configuration Preparation

To configure an time range-based advanced ACL rule, you need to create the corresponding time ranges first. For information about of time range configuration, refer to section 1.2 “Time Range Configuration”.

The settings to be specified in the rule, such as source and destination IP addresses, the protocols carried by IP, and protocol-specific features, are determined.

1.4.2 Configuration Procedure

Table 1-3 Define an advanced ACL rule

Operation	Command	Description
Enter system view	system-view	—
Create an advanced VLAN or enter advanced ACL view	acl number acl-number [ match-order { config \| auto } ]	By the default, the match order is config.
Define an ACL rule	rule [ rule-id ] { permit \| deny } rule-string	Required
Assign a description string to the ACL rule	rule rule-id comment text	Optional
Assign a description string to the ACL	description text	Optional
Display the information about an ACL or all the ACLs	display acl { all \| acl-number }	Optional This command can be executed in any view.

The rule-string argument of the rule command listed in Table 1-3 can be a combination of the argument/keywords described in Table 1-4. Note that the rule-string argument must begin with the protocol argument.

Table 1-4 Description on the argument/keywords used in the rule-string argument

Arguments/Keywords	Type	Function	Description
protocol	Protocol type	Type of the protocols carried by IP	When expressed in numerals, this argument ranges from 1 to 255. When expressed with a name, the value can be GRE, ICMP, IGMP, IP, IPinIP, OSPF, TCP, and UDP.
source { sour-addr sour-wildcard \| any }	Source address	Specifies the source address information for the ACL rule	The sour-addr sour-wildcard arguments specify the source address of the packets, expressed in dotted decimal notation. You can specify the IP address of a host as the source address by providing 0 for the sour-wildcard argument. any represents any source address.
destination { dest-addr dest-wildcard \| any }	Destination address	Specifies the destination address information for the ACL rule	The dest-addr dest-wildcard arguments specify the destination address of the packets, expressed in dotted decimal notation. You can specify the IP address of a host as the destination address by providing 0 for the dest-wildcard argument. any represents any destination address.
precedence precedence	Packet priority	IP precedence	The precedence argument ranges from 0 to 7.
tos tos	Packet priority	ToS	The tos argument ranges from 0 to 15.
dscp dscp	Packet priority	DSCP	The dscp argument ranges from 0 to 63.
fragment	Fragment information	Specifies that the rule is effective for the packets that are not the first fragments.	—
time-range time-name	Time range information	Specifies the time range in which the rule is active.	—

If you specify the dscp keyword, you can directly input a value ranging from 0 to 63 or input one of the keywords listed in Table 1-5 as the DSCP.

Table 1-5 DSCP values and the corresponding keywords

Keyword	DSCP value in decimal	DSCP value in binary
ef	46	101110
af11	10	001010
af12	12	001100
af13	14	001110
af21	18	010010
af22	20	010100
af23	22	010110
af31	26	011010
af32	28	011100
af33	30	011110
af41	34	100010
af42	36	100100
af43	38	100110
cs1	8	001000
cs2	16	010000
cs3	24	011000
cs4	32	100000
cs5	40	101000
cs6	48	110000
Cs7	56	111000
be (default)	0	000000

If you specify the precedence keyword, you can directly input a value ranging from 0 to 7 or input one of the keywords listed in Table 1-6 as the IP precedence.

Table 1-6 IP precedence values and the corresponding keywords

Keyword	IP Precedence in decimal	IP Precedence in binary
routine	0	000
priority	1	001
immediate	2	010
flash	3	011
flash-override	4	100
critical	5	101
internet	6	110
network	7	111

If you specify the tos keyword, you can directly input a value ranging from 0 to 15 or input one of the keywords listed in Table 1-7 as the ToS value.

Table 1-7 ToS value and the corresponding keywords

Keyword	ToS in decimal	ToS in binary
normal	0	0000
min-monetary-cost	1	0001
max-reliability	2	0010
max-throughput	4	0100
min-delay	8	1000

If the protocol type is TCP or UDP, you can also define the information listed in Table 1-8.

Table 1-8 TCP/UDP-specific ACL rule information

Parameter	Type	Function	Description
source-port operator port1 [ port2 ]	Source port	Defines the source port information of UDP/TCP packets	The value of operator can be lt (less than), gt (greater than), eq (equal to), neq (not equal to) or range (within the range of). Only the “range” operator requires two port numbers as the operands. Other operators require only one port number as the operand. port1 and port2: TCP/UDP port numbers, expressed as port names or port numbers. When expressed as numbers, the value range is 0 to 65535.
destination-port operator port1 [ port2 ]	Destination port	Defines the destination port information of UDP/TCP packets
established	TCP connection flag	Specifies that the rule applies to TCP packets with the ack or rst flag (Packets of this type are TCP connection packets.)	TCP-specific argument

If the protocol type is ICMP, you can also define the information listed in Table 1-9.

Table 1-9 ICMP-specific ACL rule information

Parameter

Type

Function

Description

icmp-type icmp-type icmp-code

Type and message code information of ICMP packets

Specifies the type and message code information of ICMP packets in the rule

icmp-type: ICMP message type, ranging from 0 to 255

icmp-code: ICMP message code, ranging from 0 to 255

If the protocol type is ICMP, you can also just input the ICMP message name after the icmp-type keyword. Table 1-10 lists some common ICMP messages.

Table 1-10 ICMP messages

Name	ICMP type	ICMP code
echo	Type=8	Code=0
echo-reply	Type=0	Code=0
fragmentneed-DFset	Type=3	Code=4
host-redirect	Type=5	Code=1
host-tos-redirect	Type=5	Code=3
host-unreachable	Type=3	Code=1
information-reply	Type=16	Code=0
information-request	Type=15	Code=0
net-redirect	Type=5	Code=0
net-tos-redirect	Type=5	Code=2
net-unreachable	Type=3	Code=0
parameter-problem	Type=12	Code=0
port-unreachable	Type=3	Code=3
protocol-unreachable	Type=3	Code=2
reassembly-timeout	Type=11	Code=1
source-quench	Type=4	Code=0
source-route-failed	Type=3	Code=5
timestamp-reply	Type=14	Code=0
timestamp-request	Type=13	Code=0
ttl-exceeded	Type=11	Code=0

When you define an ACL rule using the rule command with the rule-id argument provided,

l If the ACL rule identified by the rule-id argument does not exist, you will create a new rule.

If you do not specify the rule-id argument when creating an ACL rule, the rule will be numbered automatically.

1.4.3 Configuration Example

# Configure ACL 3000 to permit the packets sourced from the network 129.9.0.0 and destined for the network 202.38.160.0 and with the destination port number being 80.

<H3C>system-view

[H3C] acl number 3000

[H3C-acl-adv-3000] rule permit tcp source 129.9.0.0 0.0.255.255 destination 202.38.160.0 0.0.0.255 destination-port eq 80

[H3C-acl-adv-3000] display acl 3000

Advanced ACL 3000, 1 rule

Acl's step is 1

rule 0 permit tcp source 129.9.0.0 0.0.255.255 destination 202.38.160.0 0.0.0.255 destination-port eq www

1.5 Layer 2 ACL Configuration

Layer 2 ACLs filter packets according to their Layer 2 information, such as the source and destination MAC addresses, VLAN priority, and Layer 2 protocol types.

A Layer 2 ACL can be numbered from 4000 to 4999.

1.5.1 Configuration Preparation

To configure a time range-based Layer 2 ACL rule, you need to create the corresponding time ranges first. For information about time range configuration, refer to section 1.2 “Time Range Configuration”.

The settings to be specified in the rule, such as source and destination MAC addresses, VLAN priorities, and Layer 2 protocol types, are determined.

1.5.2 Configuration Procedure

Table 1-11 Define a Layer 2 ACL rule

Operation	Command	Description
Enter system view	system-view	—
Create a Layer 2 ACL or enter layer 2 ACL view	acl number acl-number	Required
Define an ACL rule	rule [ rule-id ] { permit \| deny } rule-string	Required
Assign a description string to the ACL rule	rule rule-id comment text	Optional
Assign a description string to the ACL	description text	Optional
Display the information about an ACL or all the ACLs.	display acl { all \| acl-number }	Optional This command can be executed in any view.

The rule-string argument of the rule command can be a combination of the arguments/keywords described in Table 1-12.

Table 1-12 Layer 2 ACL rule information

Parameter	Type	Function	Description
format-type	Link layer encapsulation type	Specifies the link layer encapsulation type for the ACL rule	This argument can be 802.3/802.2, 802.3, ether_ii, or snap.
lsap lsap-code lsap-wildcard	lsap field	Specifies the lsap field for the ACL rule	lsap-code: Encapsulation format of data frames, a 16-bit hexadecimal number. lsap-wildcard: Mask of the lsap value, a 16-bit hexadecimal number used to specify the mask bits.
source { source-addr source-mask \| vlan-id }*	Source MAC address information	Specifies the source MAC address range for the ACL rule	source-addr: Source MAC address, in the format of H-H-H. source-mask: Mask of the source MAC address, in the format of H-H-H. vlan-id: Source VLAN ID, in the range of 1 to 4094.
dest dest-addr dest-mask	Destination MAC address information	Specifies the destination MAC address range for the ACL rule	dest-addr: Destination MAC address, in the format of H-H-H. dest-mask: Mask of the destination MAC address, in the format of H-H-H.
cos vlan-pri	Priority	Specifies the 802.1p priority for the rule	vlan-pri: VLAN priority, in the range of 0 to 7.
time-range time-name	Time range information	Specifies the time range in which the ACL rule is active	time-name: Specifies the name of the time range in which the rule is active, a string comprising 1 to 32 characters.
type protocol-type protocol-mask	Protocol type of Ethernet frames	Specifies the protocol type of Ethernet frames for the ACL rule	protocol-type: Protocol type. protocol-mask: Protocol type mask.

If you specify the cos keyword, you can directly input a value ranging from 0 to 7 or input one of the keywords listed in Table 1-6 as the CoS value.

Table 1-13 CoS value and the corresponding keywords

Keyword	CoS in decimal	CoS in binary
best-effort	0	000
background	1	001
spare	2	010
excellent-effort	3	011
controlled-load	4	100
video	5	101
voice	6	110
network-management	7	111

When you define an ACL rule using the rule command with the rule-id argument provided,

l If the ACL rule identified by the rule-id argument does not exist, you will create a new rule.

If you do not specify the rule-id argument when creating an ACL rule, the rule will be numbered automatically.

1.5.3 Configuration Example

# Configure ACL 4000 to deny packets sourced from the MAC address 000d-88f5-97ed, destined for the MAC address 0011-4301-991e, and with their 802.1p priority being 3.

<H3C> system-view

[H3C] acl number 4000

[H3C-acl-ethernetframe-4000] rule deny cos 3 source 000d-88f5-97ed ffff-ffff-ffff dest 0011-4301-991e ffff-ffff-ffff

[H3C-acl-ethernetframe-4000] display acl 4000

Ethernet frame ACL 4000, 1 rule

Acl's step is 1

rule 0 deny cos excellent-effort source 000d-88f5-97ed ffff-ffff-ffff dest 0011-4301-991e ffff-ffff-ffff

1.6 User-Defined ACL Configuration

A user-defined ACL filters packets by comparing specific bytes in packet headers with specified string.

A user-defined ACL can be numbered from 5000 to 5999.

1.6.1 Configuration Preparation

To configure a time range-based user-defined ACL rule, you need to define the corresponding time ranges first. For information about time range configuration, refer to section 1.2 “Time Range Configuration”.

1.6.2 Configuration Procedure

Table 1-14 Define a user-defined ACL rule

Operation	Command	Description
Enter system view	system-view	—
Create a user-defined ACL or enter user-defined ACL view	acl number acl-number	Required
Define an ACL rule	rule [ rule-id ] { permit \| deny } [ rule-string rule-mask offset ] &<1-8> [ time-range name ]	Required
Assign a description string to the ACL	description text	Optional
Assign a description string to the ACL rule	rule rule-id comment text	Optional
Display the information about an ACL or all the ACLs	display acl { all \| acl-number }	Optional This command can be executed in any view.

& Note:

The bytes in packet headers and to be compared with the specified string are determined by the offset from the beginning of the packet headers. You can specify the offset through the offset argument when executing the rule command. Note the following when you specify the offset.

l Each packet that is processed by a switch internally carries a VLAN tag. A VLAN tag is four bytes in size.

l A switch with the VLAN VPN function enabled inserts a VLAN tag to each packet it processes no matter whether or not the packet already carries a VLAN tag before being processed. Each packet carries two VLAN tags after being processed by a switch of this type.

When you define an ACL rule using the rule command with the rule-id argument provided,

l If the ACL rule identified by the rule-id argument does not exist, you will create a new rule.

If you do not specify the rule-id argument when creating an ACL rule, the rule will be numbered automatically.

1.6.3 Configuration Example

# Configure ACL 5001 to deny all the TCP packets. The ACL is active from 18:00 to 23:00 on each Saturday.

<H3C> system-view

[H3C] time-range t1 18:00 to 23:00 sat

[H3C] acl number 5001

[H3C-acl-user-5001] rule 25 deny 06 ff 35 time-range t1

[H3C-acl-user-5001] display acl 5001

User defined ACL 5001, 1 rules

Acl's step is 1

rule 25 deny 06 ff 35 time-range t1 (Inactive)

1.7 Displaying ACL Configuration

After the above configuration, you can execute the display commands in any view to view the ACL running information, so as to verify the configuration.

Table 1-15 Display ACL configuration

Operation	Command	Description
Display a configured ACL or all the ACLs	display acl { all \| acl-number }	These commands can be executed in any view.
Display a time range or all the time ranges	display time-range { all \| time-name }	These commands can be executed in any view.

H3C S3100-52P Ethernet Switch Operation Manual-Release 1500(V1.02)

1.1.4 Types of ACLs Supported by the Ethernet Switch

1.5.2 Configuration Procedure

1.6 User-Defined ACL Configuration

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