FTP (file transfer protocol) is commonly
used in IP-based networks to transmit files. Before World Wide Web comes into
being, files are transferred through command lines, and the most popular
application is FTP. At present, although E-mail and Web are the usual methods
for file transmission, FTP still has its strongholds.
As an application layer protocol, FTP is
used for file transfer between remote server and local host. FTP uses TCP port
20 and 21. Port 20 is used for control information, and port 21 is used for
data. Basic FTP operations are described in RFC 959.
FTP-based file transmission is performed in
the following two modes:
l
Binary mode, which is used for program file
transfer.
l
ASCII mode, which is used for text file
transfer.
An Ethernet switch can act as an FTP client
or an FTP server in an FTP implementation.
l
FTP server
An Ethernet switch can operate as an FTP
server to provide file transmission services for FTP clients. You can log into
a switch operating as an FTP server by running an FTP client program on your PC
to access the files on the FTP server. To accept login requests, an FTP server
must be assigned an IP address.
Table 1-1
describes the configurations needed when a switch operates as an FTP server.
Table 1-1 Configurations
needed when a switch operates as an FTP server
|
Device
|
Configuration
|
Default
|
Description
|
|
Switch
|
Enable the FTP server function
|
The FTP server function is
disabled by default
|
You can run the display ftp-server
command to view the FTP server configuration on the switch.
|
|
Perform
authentication-/authorization-related configuration
|
—
|
Configure user names, passwords,
and the work directory.
|
|
Configure the connection idle
time
|
The default idle time is 30
minutes.
|
—
|
|
PC
|
Log into a switch operating as an
FTP server through an FTP client application.
|
—
|
—
|
Caution:
The FTP-related
functions require that the route between a FTP client and the FTP server is
reachable.
l
FTP client
A switch can operate as an FTP client,
through which you can access files on FTP servers. In this case, you need to
establish a connection between your PC and the switch through a terminal
emulation program or Telnet and then execute the ftp X.X.X.X
command on your PC (X.X.X.X is the IP address of an FTP server).
Table 1-2
describes the configurations needed when a switch operates as an FTP client.
Table 1-2 Configurations needed when a
switch operates as an FTP client
|
Device
|
Configuration
|
Default
|
Description
|
|
Switch
|
Run the ftp command to log
into a remote FTP server directly
|
—
|
To log into a remote FTP server
and manipulate files and directories on it, you need to obtain a user name
and password first.
|
|
FTP server
|
User names, passwords, and the
corresponding permissions are configured.
|
—
|
—
|
I. Prerequisites
A switch operates as an FTP server. A remote
PC operates as an FTP client. The network operates properly, as shown in Figure 1-1.
Figure 1-1 Network diagram for FTP
configuration
II. Configuration
procedure
Table 1-3 Configure
an FTP server
|
Operation
|
Command
|
Description
|
|
Enter system view
|
system-view
|
—
|
|
Enable the FTP server function
|
ftp server enable
|
Required
By default, the FTP server
function is disabled.
|
|
Set the connection idle time
|
ftp timeout minutes
|
Optional
The default connection idle time is
30 minutes.
|
l
Only one user can access an S7500 switch at a
given time when the latter operates as an FTP server.
l
FTP services are implemented in this way: An FTP
client sends FTP requests to the FTP server. The FTP server receives the
requests, perform operations accordingly, and return the results to the FTP
client.
l
To prevent unauthorized accesses, an FTP server
disconnects a FTP connection when it does not receive requests from the FTP
client for a specific period of time known as the connection idle time.
l
An S7500 operating as an FTP server cannot
receive a file whose size exceeds its storage space. A client attempting to
upload such a file will be disconnected from the FTP server due to lack of
storage space on the FTP server.
III. Authentication and
authorization configuration
An FTP server authenticates an FTP client
by the user name and the password it provides. When an FTP client passes the
authentication, the authorization is done by allocating the FTP client a work
directory. An FTP server provides services to the FTP clients that are both
authenticated and authorized.
The configurations such as configuring user
name, password, the way to display passwords, service type are performed on FTP
servers. Refer to the information about the local-user, local-user
password-display-mode, password, and service-type commands
in the AAA&RADIUS&HWTACACS&EAD part of this manual for more.
After the above configurations,
you can run the display command in any view to display the information
about the FTP server and verify your configurations.
Table 1-4 Display FTP server information
|
Operation
|
Command
|
Description
|
|
Display the information about FTP
server configurations on a switch
|
display ftp-server
|
These commands can be executed in
any view.
|
|
Display the currently online FTP
client
|
display ftp-user
|
I. Network requirements
A switch operates as an FTP server and a
remote PC as an FTP client.
l
Create a user account on the FTP server with the
user name “switch” and password “hello”. The work
directory assigned for FTP clients is the root directory of the flash.
l
Configure the IP address 1.1.1.1 for a VLAN
interface on the switch, and 2.2.2.2 for the PC. Ensure the route between the
two is reachable.
The switch application named switch.bin is
stored on the PC. Upload it to the FTP server through FTP to upgrade the
application of the switch, and download the switch configuration file named
config.cfg from the switch to backup the configuration file.
II. Network diagram
Figure
1-2 Network diagram for FTP configurations
III. Configuration
procedure
1)
Configure the switch
# Log into the switch. (You can log into a
switch through the Console port or by Telneting to the switch. See the Login
part of this manual for detailed information.)
<H3C>
# Start the FTP service on the switch and
create a user account and the corresponding password.
<H3C> system-view
[H3C] ftp server enable
[H3C] local-user switch
[H3C-luser-switch] password
simple hello
[H3C-luser-switch] service-type
ftp ftp-directory flash:/
2)
Run an FTP client application on the PC to
connect to the FTP server. Upload the application named switch.bin to the root
directory of the Flash memory of the FTP server, and download the configuration
file named config.cfg from the FTP server. The following takes the command line
window tool provided by Windows as an example.
# Enter the command line window and switch
to the directory where the file switch.bin is located. Assume that the file
resides in C:\.
C:\>
# Access the Ethernet switch through FTP.
Input the user name “switch” and password “hello” to
log in and enter FTP view.
C:\> ftp 1.1.1.1
Connected to 1.1.1.1.
220 FTP service ready.
User (1.1.1.1:(none)): switch
331 Password required for switch.
Password:
230 User logged in.
ftp>
# Upload the switch.bin file.
ftp> put switch.bin
200 Port command okay.
150 Opening ASCII mode data
connection for switch.bin.
226 Transfer complete.
# Download the config.cfg file.
ftp> get config.cfg
200 Port command okay.
150 Opening ASCII mode data
connection for config.cfg.
226 Transfer complete.
ftp: 3980 bytes received in 8.277
seconds 0.48Kbytes/sec.
This example uses the command line window
tool provided by Windows. When you log into the FTP server through another FTP
client, refer to the corresponding instructions for operation description.
Caution:
l
If the available space of the flash of the
switch is not enough to hold the file to be uploaded, you need to move the
files that are not in use from the flash to other place to make room for the
file.
l
H3C series switch is not shipped with FTP client
applications. You need to purchase and install it by yourself.
3)
After uploading the application, you can update
the application on the switch.
# Use the boot boot-loader command
to specify the uploaded file (switch.bin) to be the startup file used when the
switch starts the next time, and restart the switch. Thus the switch application
is upgraded.
<H3C> boot boot-loader
switch.bin
<H3C> reboot
For information
about the boot boot-loader command and how to specify the startup file
for a switch, refer to the System Maintenance and Debugging part of this
manual.
I. Basic FTP client
configuration
The function for a switch to operate as an
FTP client is implemented by an application module built in the switch. Thus a
switch can operate as an FTP client without any configuration. You can perform
FTP-related operations (such as creating/removing a directory) by executing FTP
client commands on a switch operating as an FTP client. Table
1-5 lists the operations that can be performed on an FTP client.
Table 1-5 Basic
FTP client configuration
|
Operation
|
Command
|
Description
|
|
Enter FTP client view
|
ftp [ cluster | remote-server [ port-number ] ]
|
—
|
|
Specify to transfer files in the
ASCII mode
|
ascii
|
Optional
By default, files are transferred
in ASCII characters.
|
|
Specify to transfer files in the
binary mode
|
binary
|
Optional
|
|
Specify to transfer files in the
passive mode
|
passive
|
Optional
By default, the passive mode is
adopted.
|
|
Change the work directory on the
remote FTP server
|
cd
pathname
|
Optional
|
|
Change the work directory to the
parent directory
|
cdup
|
Optional
|
|
Get the local work directory on
the FTP client
|
lcd
|
Optional
|
|
Display the directories on the FTP
server
|
pwd
|
Optional
|
|
Create a directory on the remote
FTP server
|
mkdir pathname
|
Optional
|
|
Remove a directory on the remote
FTP server
|
rmdir pathname
|
Optional
|
|
Delete a specified file
|
delete remotefile
|
Optional
|
|
Query a specified file
|
dir [ filename ] [ localfile ]
|
Optional
|
|
Query a specified remote file
|
ls
[ remotefile ] [ localfile ]
|
Optional
|
|
Download a remote file
|
get remotefile [ localfile ]
|
Optional
|
|
Upload a local file to the remote
FTP server
|
put localfile [ remotefile ]
|
Optional
|
|
Switch to another FTP user
|
user username [ password ]
|
Optional
|
|
Establish a control connection to
the FTP server
|
open { ip-address | server-name } [ port ]
|
Optional
|
|
Terminate the current FTP
connection without exiting FTP client view
|
disconnect
|
Optional
|
|
Terminate the current FTP
connection without exiting FTP client view
|
close
|
Optional
|
|
Terminate the current FTP
connection and quit to user view
|
quit
|
Optional
|
|
Terminate the current FTP
connection and quit to user view
|
bye
|
Optional
|
|
Display the on-line help on a
specified command concerning FTP
|
remotehelp [ protocol-command ]
|
Optional
|
|
Enable debugging for FTP
|
debugging
|
Optional
|
|
Enable the verbose function
|
verbose
|
Optional
The verbose function is enabled
by default.
|
1.1.5 Configuration Example: A Switch Operating as an FTP Client
I. Network requirements
A switch operates as an FTP client and a remote
PC as an FTP server.
l
Create a user account on the FTP server with the
user name “switch” and password “hello”, and authorize
the user “switch” with read and write permissions on the directory
named “switch” on the PC.
l
Configure the IP address 1.1.1.1 for a VLAN
interface on the switch, and 2.2.2.2 for the PC. Ensure the route between the
two is reachable.
The switch application named switch.bin is
stored on the PC. Download it to the switch through FTP to upgrade the switch
application, and upload the switch configuration file named config.cfg to the
PC to backup the configuration file.
II. Network diagram
Figure 1-3 Network diagram for FTP
configuration
III. Configuration
procedure
1)
Perform FTP server–related configurations
on the PC, that is, create a user account on the FTP server with user name
“switch” and password “hello”. (For detailed
configuration, refer to the configuration instruction relevant to the FTP
server software.)
2)
Configure the switch.
# Log into the switch. (You can log into a
switch through the Console port or by Telneting to the switch. See the Login
part of this manual for detailed information.)
<H3C>
Caution:
If the available
space of the flash of the switch is not enough to hold the file to be uploaded,
you need to move the files that are not in use from the flash to other place to
make room for the file.
# Connect to the FTP server using the ftp command. You need
to provide the IP address of the FTP server, the user name and the password as
well.
<H3C> ftp 2.2.2.2
Trying
...
Press CTRL+K to
abort
Connected.
220 WFTPD 2.0 service (by Texas
Imperial Software) ready for new user
User(none):switch
331 Give me your password,
please
Password:
230 Logged in successfully
[ftp]
# Run the put command to upload the configuration file named
config.cfg to the FTP server.
[ftp] put config.cfg
# Run the get command to download the file named switch.bin
to the flash of the switch.
[ftp] get switch.bin
# Run the quit command to terminate
the FTP connection and quit to user view.
[ftp] quit
<H3C>
# Run the boot boot-loader command to specify the downloaded
file (switch.bin) to be the startup file used when the switch starts the next
time, and then restart the switch. Thus the switch application is upgraded.
<H3C> boot boot-loader
switch.bin
<H3C> reboot
For information
about the boot boot-loader command and how to specify the startup file
for a switch, refer to the System Maintenance and Debugging part of this
manual.
1.2 TFTP Configuration
Compared with FTP, TFTP (trivial file
transfer protocol) features simple interactive access interface and no
authentication control. It simplifies the interaction between servers and
clients remarkably. TFTP is implemented on UDP. It transfers data through UDP
port 69. Basic TFTP operations are described in RFC1986.
TFTP transmission is initiated by clients,
as described in the following:
l
To download a file, a client sends read request
packets to the TFTP server, receives data from the TFTP server, and then sends
acknowledgement packets to the TFTP server.
l
To upload a file, a client sends writing request
packets to the TFTP server, sends data to the TFTP server, and then receives
acknowledgement packets from the TFTP server.
l
Before performing TFTP-related configurations,
you need to configure IP addresses for the TFPT client and the TFTP server, and
make sure the route between the two is reachable.
l
A switch can only operate as a TFTP client.
Figure 1-4 Network diagram for TFTP configuration
Table 1-6
describes the operations needed when a switch operates as a TFTP client.
Table 1-6 Configurations
needed when a switch operates as a TFTP client
|
Device
|
Configuration
|
Default
|
Description
|
|
Switch
|
Configure
an IP address for the VLAN interface of the switch so that it is reachable
for TFTP server.
|
—
|
TFTP
applies to networks where client-server interactions are comparatively
simple. It requires the routes between TFTP clients TFTP servers are
reachable.
|
|
You
can log into a TFTP server directly for file accessing through TFTP commands.
|
—
|
—
|
|
TFTP server
|
The
TFTP server is started and the TFTP work directory is configured.
|
—
|
—
|
I. Prerequisites
A switch operates as a TFTP client and a
remote PC as the TFTP server. The network operates properly, as shown in Figure 1-4.
II. Basic TFTP
configurations
Table 1-7 Basic TFTP configurations
|
Operation
|
Command
|
Description
|
|
Download a file through TFTP
|
tftp { cluster | tftp-server } get source-file [ dest-file ]
|
Optional
|
|
Upload a file through TFTP
|
tftp { cluster | tftp-server } put source-file [ dest-file ]
|
Optional
|
|
Enter system view
|
system-view
|
—
|
|
Specify the ACL adopted when a
switch attempts to connect a TFTP server
|
tftp-server acl acl-number
|
Optional
|
1.2.3 TFTP
Configuration Example
I. Network requirements
A switch operates as a TFTP client and a PC
as the TFTP server.
l
The TFTP work directory is configured on the
TFTP server.
l
The IP address of a VLAN interface on the switch
is 1.1.1.1. The port through which the switch connects with the PC belongs to
the VLAN. The IP address of the PC is 1.1.1.2.
The application named switch.bin is stored
on the PC. Download it to the switch through TFTP, and upload the configuration
file named config.cfg to the work directory on the PC to backup the
configuration file.
II. Network diagram
Figure 1-5 Network diagram for TFTP
configuration
III. Configuration
procedure
1)
Start the TFTP server and configure the work
directory on the PC.
2)
Configure the switch.
# Log into the switch. (You can log into a
switch through the Console port or by Telneting to the switch. See the Login
part of this manual for detailed information.)
<H3C>
Caution:
If the available
space of the flash of the switch is not enough to hold the file to be uploaded,
you need to move the files that are not in use from the flash to other place to
make room for the file.
# Download the switch application named
switch.bin from the TFTP server to the switch.
<H3C> tftp 1.1.1.2 get
switch.bin switch.bin
# Upload the switch configuration file
named config.cfg to the TFTP server.
<H3C> tftp 1.1.1.2 put
config.cfg config.cfg
# Use the boot boot-loader command
to specify the downloaded file (switch.bin) to be the startup file used when
the switch starts the next time, and restart the switch. Thus the switch
application is upgraded.
<H3C> boot boot-loader
switch.bin
<H3C> reboot
For information
about the boot boot-loader command and how to specify the startup file
for a switch, refer to the System Maintenance and Debugging part module of this
manual.
