09-IP Multicast Configuration Guide

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05-PIM configuration
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05-PIM configuration 901.90 KB

Contents

Configuring PIM·· 1

About PIM·· 1

PIM modes· 1

PIM-DM·· 1

PIM-SM·· 3

BIDIR-PIM·· 9

Administrative scoping· 12

PIM-SSM·· 14

Relationship among PIM protocols· 15

PIM support for VPNs· 16

Protocols and standards· 16

Restrictions: Hardware compatibility with PIM·· 16

Restrictions and guidelines: PIM configuration· 17

Configuring PIM-DM·· 17

PIM-DM tasks at a glance· 17

Prerequisites for PIM-DM·· 17

Enabling PIM-DM·· 18

Configuring the state refresh feature· 18

Setting the PIM-DM graft retry timer 19

Configuring PIM-SM·· 19

PIM-SM tasks at a glance· 19

Prerequisites for PIM-SM·· 20

Enabling PIM-SM·· 20

Configuring static RPs· 21

Configuring C-RPs· 21

Configuring C-BSRs· 22

Configuring a PIM domain border 22

Disabling BSM semantic fragmentation· 23

Disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces· 23

Enabling Auto-RP listening· 23

Configuring Anycast RP· 24

Configuring multicast source registration· 24

Configuring the switchover to SPT· 25

Configuring BIDIR-PIM·· 26

BIDIR-PIM tasks at a glance· 26

Prerequisites for BIDIR-PIM·· 26

Enabling BIDIR-PIM·· 26

Configuring static RPs· 27

Configuring C-RPs· 28

Configuring C-BSRs· 28

Configuring a PIM domain border 29

Disabling BSM semantic fragmentation· 29

Disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces· 29

Setting the maximum number of BIDIR-PIM RPs· 30

Enabling Auto-RP listening· 30

Configuring PIM-SSM·· 31

PIM-SSM tasks at a glance· 31

Prerequisites for PIM-SSM·· 31

Enabling PIM-SM·· 31

Configuring the SSM group range· 31

Configuring common PIM features· 32

Common PIM feature tasks at a glance· 32

Configuring a multicast source policy· 32

Configuring a PIM hello policy· 33

Configuring PIM hello message options· 33

Dropping hello messages without the Generation ID option· 35

Configuring common PIM timers· 35

Setting the maximum size of a join or prune message· 37

Enabling BFD for PIM·· 37

Enabling PIM passive mode· 37

Enabling PIM NSR·· 38

Enabling NBMA mode for ADVPN tunnel interfaces· 39

Enabling SNMP notifications for PIM·· 39

Display and maintenance commands for PIM·· 39

PIM configuration examples· 40

Example: Configuring PIM-DM·· 40

Example: Configuring non-scoped PIM-SM·· 43

Example: Configuring admin-scoped PIM-SM·· 46

Example: Configuring BIDIR-PIM·· 51

Example: Configuring PIM-SSM·· 56

Troubleshooting PIM·· 58

A multicast distribution tree cannot be correctly built 58

Multicast data is abnormally terminated on an intermediate device· 59

An RP cannot join an SPT in PIM-SM·· 59

An RPT cannot be built or multicast source registration fails in PIM-SM·· 60

 


Configuring PIM

About PIM

Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) provides IP multicast forwarding by leveraging unicast static routes or unicast routing tables generated by any unicast routing protocol. PIM uses the underlying unicast routing to generate a multicast routing table without relying on any particular unicast routing protocol. PIM uses the RPF mechanism to implement multicast forwarding. For more information about RPF, see "Configuring multicast routing and forwarding."

PIM modes

Based on the implementation mechanism, PIM includes the following modes:

·     Protocol Independent Multicast–Dense Mode (PIM-DM).

·     Protocol Independent Multicast–Sparse Mode (PIM-SM).

·     Bidirectional Protocol Independent Multicast (BIDIR-PIM).

·     Protocol Independent Multicast Source-Specific Multicast (PIM-SSM).

In this document, a PIM domain refers to a network that contains PIM devices.

PIM-DM

PIM-DM uses the push mode for multicast forwarding, and is suitable for small-sized networks with densely distributed multicast members.

PIM-DM assumes that all downstream nodes want to receive multicast data from a source, so multicast data is flooded to all downstream nodes on the network. Branches without downstream receivers are pruned from the forwarding trees. When a pruned branch has new receivers, the graft mechanism turns the pruned branch into a forwarding branch.

In PIM-DM, the multicast forwarding paths for a multicast group constitutes a forwarding tree. The forwarding tree is rooted at the multicast source and has multicast group members as its "leaves." Because the forwarding tree consists of the shortest paths from the multicast source to the receivers, it is also called a "shortest path tree (SPT)."

PIM-DM mechanisms include neighbor discovery, SPT building, graft, and assert.

Neighbor discovery

In a PIM domain, each PIM interface on a device periodically multicasts PIM hello messages to all other PIM devices (identified by the address 224.0.0.13) on the local subnet. Through the exchanging of hello messages, all PIM devices on the subnet determine their PIM neighbors, maintain PIM neighboring relationship with other devices, and build and maintain SPTs.

SPT building

The process of building an SPT is the flood-and-prune process:

1.     In a PIM-DM domain, the multicast data from the multicast source S to the multicast group G is flooded throughout the domain. A device performs an RPF check on the multicast data. If the RPF check succeeds, the device creates an (S, G) entry and forwards the data to all downstream nodes on the network. In the flooding process, all the devices in the PIM-DM domain create the (S, G) entry.

2.     The nodes without downstream receivers are pruned. A device that has no downstream receivers multicasts a prune message to all PIM devices on the subnet. When an upstream node receives the prune message, it removes the receiving interface from the (S, G) entry. In this way, the upstream stream node stops forwarding subsequent packets addressed to that multicast group down to this node.

 

 

NOTE:

An (S, G) entry contains a multicast source address S, a multicast group address G, an outgoing interface list, and an incoming interface.

A prune process is initiated by a leaf device. As shown in Figure 1, the device interface that does not have any downstream receivers initiates a prune process by sending a prune message toward the multicast source. This prune process goes on until only necessary branches are left in the PIM-DM domain, and these necessary branches constitute an SPT.

Figure 1 SPT building

The pruned state of a branch has a finite holdtime timer. When the timer expires, multicast data is again forwarded to the pruned branch. The flood-and-prune cycle takes place periodically to maintain the forwarding branches.

Graft

A previously pruned branch might have new downstream receivers. To reduce the latency for resuming the forwarding capability of this branch, a graft mechanism is used as follows:

1.     The node that needs to receive the multicast data sends a graft message to its upstream node, telling it to rejoin the SPT.

2.     After receiving this graft message on an interface, the upstream node adds the receiving interface to the outgoing interface list of the (S, G) entry. It also sends a graft-ack message to the graft sender.

3.     If the graft sender receives a graft-ack message, the graft process finishes. Otherwise, the graft sender continues to send graft messages at a graft retry interval until it receives an acknowledgment from its upstream node.

Assert

On a subnet with more than one multicast device, the assert mechanism shuts off duplicate multicast flows to the network. It does this by electing a unique multicast forwarder for the subnet.

Figure 2 Assert mechanism

As shown in Figure 2, after Device A and Device B receive an (S, G) packet from the upstream node, they both forward the packet to the local subnet. As a result, the downstream node Device C receives two identical multicast packets. In addition, both Device A and Device B, on their downstream interfaces, receive a duplicate packet forwarded by the other. After detecting this condition, both devices send an assert message to all PIM devices (224.0.0.13) on the local subnet through the interface that received the packet. The assert message contains the multicast source address (S), the multicast group address (G), and the metric preference and metric of the unicast route/MBGP route/static multicast route to the multicast source. By comparing these parameters, either Device A or Device B becomes the unique forwarder of the subsequent (S, G) packets on the shared-media LAN. The comparison process is as follows:

1.     The device with a higher metric preference to the multicast source wins.

2.     If both devices have the same metric preference, the device with a smaller metric wins.

3.     If both devices have the same metric, the device with a higher IP address on the downstream interface wins.

PIM-SM

PIM-DM uses the flood-and-prune cycles to build SPTs for multicast data forwarding. Although an SPT has the shortest paths from the multicast source to the receivers, it is built with a low efficiency. Therefore, PIM-DM is not suitable for large and medium-sized networks. PIM-SM uses the pull mode for multicast forwarding, and it is suitable for large- and medium-sized networks with sparsely and widely distributed multicast group members.

PIM-SM assumes that no hosts need multicast data. A multicast receiver must express its interest in the multicast data for a multicast group before the data is forwarded to it. A rendezvous point (RP) is the core of a PIM-SM domain. Relying on the RP, SPTs and rendezvous point trees (RPTs) are established and maintained to implement multicast data forwarding. An SPT is rooted at the multicast source and has the RPs as its leaves. An RPT is rooted at the RP and has the receiver hosts as its leaves.

PIM-SM mechanisms include neighbor discovery, DR election, RP discovery, Anycast RP, RPT building, multicast source registration, switchover to SPT, and assert.

Neighbor discovery

PIM-SM uses the same neighbor discovery mechanism as PIM-DM does. For more information, see "Neighbor discovery."

DR election

A designated router (DR) is required on both the source-side network and receiver-side network. A source-side DR acts on behalf of the multicast source to send register messages to the RP. The receiver-side DR acts on behalf of the multicast receivers to send join messages to the RP.

PIM-DM does not require a DR. However, if IGMPv1 runs on any shared-media LAN in a PIM-DM domain, a DR must be elected to act as the IGMPv1 querier for the LAN. For more information about IGMP, see "Configuring IGMP."

 

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

IGMP must be enabled on the device that acts as the receiver-side DR. Otherwise, the receiver hosts attached to the DR cannot join any multicast groups.

Figure 3 DR election

As shown in Figure 3, the DR election process is as follows:

1.     The devices on the shared-media LAN send hello messages to one another. The hello messages contain the DR priority for DR election. The device with the highest DR priority is elected as the DR.

2.     The device with the highest IP address wins the DR election under one of following conditions:

¡     All the devices have the same DR election priority.

¡     A device does not support carrying the DR priority in hello messages.

If the DR fails, its PIM neighbor lifetime expires and the other devices will initiate to elect a new DR.

RP discovery

An RP is the core of a PIM-SM domain. A multicast group can have only one RP for multicast forwarding, and an RP can be designated to multiple multicast groups. RPs can be statically configured or dynamically elected through bootstrap router (BSR) mechanism. The BSM mechanism lessens the RP burden and optimizes the topological structure of the RPT.

BSR mechanism includes the following roles:

·     Candidate-RPs (C-RPs)—An RP is dynamically elected from C-RPs to provide services to a multicast group.

·     BSR—A BSR is the core of the administrative core of the PIM-SM domain. It is responsible for collecting and advertising RP information in the whole domain. A PIM-SM domain has only one BSR, and the BSR is elected from C-BSRs.

·     Candidate-BSRs (C-BSRs)—Any devices in the PIM-SM domain can act as C-BSRs and the BSR is elected from the C-BSRs. Once the BSR fails, a new BSR is elected from the C-BSRs to avoid multicast traffic interruption.

Figure 4 Information exchange between C-RPs and BSR

As shown in Figure 4, an RP is elected as follows:

1.     Each C-BSR sends a bootstrap message (BSM) to other devices in the PIM-SM domain.

2.     When a C-BSR receives a BSM from another C-BSR, it compares its own priority with the priority carried in the message. The C-BSR with a higher priority wins the BSR election. If a tie exists in the priority, the C-BSR with a higher IP address wins. The loser uses the winner's BSR address to replace its own BSR address and no longer regards itself as the BSR. The winner retains its own BSR address and continues to regard itself as the BSR.

3.     Each C-RP periodically unicasts an advertisement message to the BSR. An advertisement message contains the address of the advertising C-RP and the multicast group range to which it is designated.

4.     The BSR collects these advertisement messages and organizes the C-RP information into an RP-set, which is a database of mappings between multicast groups and RPs. The BSR encapsulates the RP-set information in the bootstrap messages (BSMs) and floods the BSMs to the entire PIM-SM domain.

5.     All devices in the PIM-SM domain select an RP for a multicast group based on the following rules:

a.     The C-RP that is designated to the smallest multicast group range wins.

b.     If the C-RPs are designated to the same group ranges, the C-RP with the highest priority wins.

c.     If the C-RPs have the same priority, the C-RP with the largest hash value wins. The hash value is calculated through the hash algorithm.

d.     If the C-RPs have the same hash value, the C-RP with the highest IP address wins.

Anycast RP

PIM-SM requires only one active RP to serve each multicast group. If the active RP fails, the multicast traffic might be interrupted. The Anycast RP mechanism enables redundancy backup among RPs by configuring multiple RPs with the same IP address. A multicast source registers with the closest RP or a receiver joins the closest RP to implement source information synchronization.

Anycast RP has the following benefits:

·     Optimal RP path—A multicast source registers with the closest RP to build an optimal SPT. A receiver joins the closest RP to build an optimal RPT.

·     Redundancy backup among RPs—When an RP fails, the RP-related sources will register with the closest available RPs and the receiver-side DRs will join the closest available RPs. This provides redundancy backup among RPs.

Anycast RP is implemented in either of the following methods:

·     Anycast RP through MSDP—In this method, you can configure multiple RPs with the same IP address for one multicast group and configure MSDP peering relationships between them. For more information about Anycast RP through MSDP, see "Configuring MSDP."

·     Anycast RP through PIM-SM—In this method, you can configure multiple RPs for one multicast group and add them to an Anycast RP set. This method introduces the following concepts:

¡     Anycast RP set—A set of RPs that are designated to the same multicast group.

¡     Anycast RP member—Each RP in the Anycast RP set.

¡     Anycast RP member address—IP address of each Anycast RP member for communication among the RP members.

¡     Anycast RP address—IP address of the Anycast RP set for communication within the PIM-SM domain. It is also known as RPA.

As shown in Figure 5, RP 1, RP 2, and RP 3 are members of an Anycast RP set.

Figure 5 Anycast RP through PIM-SM

The following describes how Anycast RP through PIM-SM is implemented:

a.     RP 1 receives a register message destined to RPA. Because the message is not from other Anycast RP members (RP 2 or RP 3), RP 1 considers that the register message is from the DR. RP 1 changes the source IP address of the register message to its own address and sends the message to the other members (RP 2 and RP 3).

If a device acts as both a DR and an RP, it creates a register message, and then forwards the message to the other RP members.

b.     After receiving the register message, RP 2 and RP 3 find out that the source address of the register message is an Anycast RP member address. They stop forwarding the message to other devices.

In Anycast RP implementation, an RP must forward the register message from the DR to other Anycast RP members to synchronize multicast source information.

RPT building

Figure 6 RPT building in a PIM-SM domain

As shown in Figure 6, the process of building an RPT is as follows:

1.     When a receiver wants to join the multicast group G, it uses an IGMP message to inform the receiver-side DR.

2.     After getting the receiver information, the DR sends a join message, which travels hop by hop to the RP for the multicast group.

3.     The devices along the path from the DR to the RP form an RPT branch. Each device on this branch adds to its forwarding table a (*, G) entry, where the asterisk (*) represents any multicast source. The RP is the root of the RPT, and the DR is a leaf of the RPT.

When the multicast data addressed to the multicast group G reaches the RP, the RP forwards the data to the DR along the established RPT, and finally to the receiver.

When a receiver is no longer interested in the multicast data addressed to the multicast group G, the receiver-side DR sends a prune message. The prune message goes hop by hop along the RPT to the RP. After receiving the prune message, the upstream node deletes the interface that connects to this downstream node from the outgoing interface list. At the same time, the upstream device checks for the existence of receivers for that multicast group. If no receivers for the multicast group exist, the device continues to forward the prune message to its upstream device.

Multicast source registration

The multicast source uses the registration process to inform an RP of its presence.

Figure 7 Multicast source registration

As shown in Figure 7, the multicast source registers with the RP as follows:

1.     The multicast source S sends the first multicast packet to the multicast group G. When receiving the multicast packet, the source-side DR encapsulates the packet into a PIM register message and unicasts the message to the RP.

2.     After the RP receives the register message, it decapsulates the register message and forwards the register message down to the RPT. Meanwhile, it sends an (S, G) source-specific join message toward the multicast source. The devices along the path from the RP to the multicast source constitute an SPT branch. Each device on this branch creates an (S, G) entry in its forwarding table.

3.     The subsequent multicast data from the multicast source are forwarded to the RP along the established SPT. When the multicast data reaches the RP along the SPT, the RP forwards the data to the receivers along the RPT. Meanwhile, it unicasts a register-stop message to the source-side DR to prevent the DR from unnecessarily encapsulating the data.

Switchover to SPT

This section takes a router as an example. As compared with the switchover to SPT on a router, switchover to SPT is implemented in a simpler way on a switch.

In a PIM-SM domain, only one RP and one RPT provide services for a specific multicast group. Before the switchover to SPT occurs, the source-side DR encapsulates all multicast data in register messages and sends them to the RP. After receiving these register messages, the RP decapsulates them and forwards them to the receiver-side DR along the RPT.

Multicast forwarding along the RPT has the following weaknesses:

·     Encapsulation and decapsulation are complex on the source-side DR and the RP.

·     The path for a multicast packet might not be the shortest one.

·     The RP might be overloaded by multicast traffic bursts.

To eliminate these weaknesses, PIM-SM allows an RP or the receiver-side DR to initiate the switchover to SPT when the traffic rate exceeds a specific threshold.

·     The RP initiates the switchover to SPT:

The RP periodically checks the multicast packet forwarding rate. If the RP finds that the traffic rate exceeds the specified threshold, it sends an (S, G) source-specific join message toward the multicast source. The routers along the path from the RP to the multicast source constitute an SPT. The subsequent multicast data is forwarded to the RP along the SPT without being encapsulated into register messages.

For more information about the switchover to SPT initiated by the RP, see "Multicast source registration."

·     The receiver-side DR initiates the switchover to SPT:

The receiver-side DR periodically checks the forwarding rate of the multicast packets that the multicast source S sends to the multicast group G. If the forwarding rate exceeds the specified threshold, the DR initiates the switchover to SPT as follows:

a.     The receiver-side DR sends an (S, G) source-specific join message toward the multicast source. The routers along the path create an (S, G) entry in their forwarding table to constitute an SPT branch.

b.     When the multicast packets reach the router where the RPT and the SPT branches, the router drops the multicast packets that travel along the RPT. It then sends a prune message with the RP bit toward the RP.

c.     After receiving the prune message, the RP forwards it toward the multicast source (supposed only one receiver exists). Thus, the switchover to SPT is completed. The subsequent multicast packets travel along the SPT from the multicast source to the receiver hosts.

With the switchover to SPT, PIM-SM builds SPTs more economically than PIM-DM does.

Assert

PIM-SM uses a similar assert mechanism as PIM-DM does. For more information, see "Assert."

BIDIR-PIM

In some many-to-many applications, such as a multi-side video conference, multiple receivers of a multicast group might be interested in the multicast data from multiple multicast sources. With PIM-DM or PIM-SM, each device along the SPT must create an (S, G) entry for each multicast source, consuming a lot of system resources.

BIDIR-PIM addresses the problem. Derived from PIM-SM, BIDIR-PIM builds and maintains a bidirectional RPT, which is rooted at the RP and connects the multicast sources and the receivers. Along the bidirectional RPT, the multicast sources send multicast data to the RP, and the RP forwards the data to the receivers. Each device along the bidirectional RPT needs to maintain only one (*, G) entry, saving system resources.

BIDIR-PIM is suitable for a network with dense multicast sources and receivers.

BIDIR-PIM mechanisms include neighbor discovery, RP discovery, DF election, and bidirectional RPT building.

Neighbor discovery

BIDIR-PIM uses the same neighbor discovery mechanism as PIM-SM does. For more information, see "Neighbor discovery."

RP discovery

BIDIR-PIM uses the same RP discovery mechanism as PIM-SM does. For more information, see "RP discovery." In BIDIR-PIM, an RPF interface is the interface toward an RP, and an RPF neighbor is the address of the next hop to the RP.

DF election

On a subnet with multiple multicast devices, duplicate multicast packets might be forwarded to the RP. To address this issue, BIDIR-PIM uses a designated forwarder (DF) election mechanism to elect a unique DF for each RP on a subnet. Only the DFs can forward multicast data to the RP.

DF election is not necessary for an RPL.

Figure 8 DF election

As shown in Figure 8, without the DF election mechanism, both Device B and Device C can receive multicast packets from Route A. They also can forward the packets to downstream devices on the local subnet. As a result, the RP (Device E) receives duplicate multicast packets.

With the DF election mechanism, once receiving the RP information, Device B and Device C multicast a DF election message to all PIM devices (224.0.0.13) to initiate a DF election process. The election message carries the RP's address, and the route preference and the metric of the unicast route or static multicast route to the RP. A DF is elected as follows:

1.     The device with a higher route preference becomes the DF.

2.     If the devices have the same route preference, the device with a lower metric becomes the DF.

3.     If the devices have the same metric, the device with a higher IP address becomes the DF.

Bidirectional RPT building

A bidirectional RPT comprises a receiver-side RPT and a source-side RPT. The receiver-side RPT is rooted at the RP and takes the devices that directly connect to the receivers as leaves. The source-side RPT is also rooted at the RP but takes the devices that directly connect to the sources as leaves. The processes for building these two RPTs are different.

Figure 9 RPT building at the receiver side

As shown in Figure 9, the process for building a receiver-side RPT is the same as the process for building an RPT in PIM-SM:

1.     When a receiver wants to join the multicast group G, it uses an IGMP message to inform the directly connected device.

2.     After receiving the message, the device sends a join message, which is forwarded hop by hop to the RP for the multicast group.

3.     The devices along the path from the receiver's directly connected device to the RP form an RPT branch. Each device on this branch adds a (*, G) entry to its forwarding table.

After a receiver host leaves the multicast group G, the directly connected device multicasts a prune message to all PIM devices on the subnet. The prune message goes hop by hop along the reverse direction of the RPT to the RP. After receiving the prune message, an upstream node removes the interface that connects to the downstream node from the outgoing interface list. At the same time, the upstream device checks the existence of receivers for that multicast group. If no receivers for the multicast group exist, the device continues to forward the prune message to its upstream device.

Figure 10 RPT building at the multicast source side

As shown in Figure 10, the process for building a source-side RPT is relatively simple:

1.     When a multicast source sends multicast packets to the multicast group G, the DF in each subnet unconditionally forwards the packets to the RP.

2.     The devices along the path from the source's directly connected device to the RP constitute an RPT branch. Each device on this branch adds to its forwarding table a (*, G) entry.

After a bidirectional RPT is built, the multicast sources send multicast traffic to the RP along the source-side RPT. Then, the RP forwards the traffic to the receivers along the receiver-side RPT.

 

IMPORTANT

IMPORTANT:

If a receiver and a multicast source are at the same side of the RP, the source-side RPT and the receiver-side RPT might meet at a node before reaching the RP. In this case, the multicast packets from the multicast source to the receiver are directly forwarded by the node, instead of by the RP.

Administrative scoping

Typically, a PIM-SM domain or a BIDIR-PIM domain contains only one BSR, which is responsible for advertising RP-set information within the entire domain. The information about all multicast groups is forwarded within the network that the BSR administers. This is called the "non-scoped BSR mechanism."

Administrative scoping mechanism

To implement refined management, you can divide a PIM-SM domain or BIDIR-PIM domain into a global-scoped zone and multiple administratively-scoped zones (admin-scoped zones). This is called the "administrative scoping mechanism."

The administrative scoping mechanism effectively releases stress on the management in a single-BSR domain and enables provision of zone-specific services through private group addresses.

Admin-scoped zones are divided for multicast groups. Zone border devices (ZBRs) form the boundary of an admin-scoped zone. Each admin-scoped zone maintains one BSR for multicast groups within a specific range. Multicast protocol packets, such as assert messages and BSMs, for a specific group range cannot cross the boundary of the admin-scoped zone for the group range. Multicast group ranges that are associated with different admin-scoped zones can have intersections. However, the multicast groups in an admin-scoped zone are valid only within the local zone, and theses multicast groups are regarded as private group addresses.

The global-scoped zone maintains a BSR for the multicast groups that do not belong to any admin-scoped zones.

Relationship between admin-scoped zones and the global-scoped zone

The global-scoped zone and each admin-scoped zone have their own C-RPs and BSRs. These devices are effective only on their respective zones, and the BSR election and the RP election are implemented independently. Each admin-scoped zone has its own boundary. The multicast information within a zone cannot cross this boundary in either direction. You can have a better understanding of the global-scoped zone and admin-scoped zones based on geographical locations and multicast group address ranges.

·     In view of geographical locations:

An admin-scoped zone is a logical zone for particular multicast groups. The multicast packets for such multicast groups are confined within the local admin-scoped zone and cannot cross the boundary of the zone.

Figure 11 Relationship in view of geographical locations

As shown in Figure 11, for the multicast groups in a specific group address range, the admin-scoped zones must be geographically separated and isolated. A device cannot belong to multiple admin-scoped zones. An admin-scoped zone cannot contain a device that belongs to any other admin-scoped zone. However, the global-scoped zone includes all devices in the PIM-SM domain or BIDIR-PIM domain. Multicast packets that do not belong to any admin-scoped zones are forwarded in the entire PIM-SM domain or BIDIR-PIM domain.

·     In view of multicast group address ranges:

Each admin-scoped zone is designated to specific multicast groups, of which the multicast group addresses are valid only within the local zone. The multicast groups of different admin-scoped zones might have intersections. All the multicast groups other than those of the admin-scoped zones use the global-scoped zone.

Figure 12 Relationship in view of multicast group address ranges

As shown in Figure 12, the admin-scoped zones 1 and 2 have no intersection, but the admin-scoped zone 3 is a subset of the admin-scoped zone 1. The global-scoped zone provides services for all the multicast groups that are not covered by the admin-scoped zones 1 and 2, G−G1−G2 in this case.

PIM-SSM

The ASM model includes PIM-DM and PIM-SM. The SSM model can be implemented by leveraging part of the PIM-SM technique. It is also called "PIM-SSM."

The SSM model provides a solution for source-specific multicast. It maintains the relationship between hosts and devices through IGMPv3.

In actual applications, part of IGMPv3 and PIM-SM techniques are adopted to implement the SSM model. In the SSM model, because receivers have located a multicast source, no RP or RPT is required. Multicast sources do not register with the RP, and the MSDP is not needed for discovering multicast sources in other PIM domains.

PIM-SSM mechanisms include neighbor discovery, DR election, and SPT building.

Neighbor discovery

PIM-SSM uses the same neighbor discovery mechanism as PIM-SM. For more information, see "Neighbor discovery."

DR election

PIM-SSM uses the same DR election mechanism as PIM-SM. For more information, see "DR election."

SPT building

The decision to build an RPT for PIM-SM or an SPT for PIM-SSM depends on whether the multicast group that the receiver joins is in the SSM group range. The SSM group range reserved by IANA is 232.0.0.0/8.

Figure 13 SPT building in PIM-SSM

As shown in Figure 13, Host B and Host C are receivers. They send IGMPv3 report messages to their DRs to express their interest in the multicast information that the multicast source S sends to the multicast group G.

After receiving a report message, the DR first checks whether the group address in this message is in the SSM group range and does the following:

·     If the group address is in the SSM group range, the DR sends a subscribe message hop by hop toward the multicast source S. All devices along the path from the DR to the source create an (S, G) entry to build an SPT. The SPT is rooted at the multicast source S and has the receivers as its leaves. This SPT is the transmission channel in PIM-SSM.

·     If the group address is not in the SSM group range, the receiver-side DR sends a (*, G) join message to the RP. The multicast source registers with the source-side DR.

In PIM-SSM, the term "subscribe message" refers to a join message.

Relationship among PIM protocols

In a PIM network, PIM-DM cannot run together with PIM-SM, BIDIR-PIM, or PIM-SSM. However, PIM-SM, BIDIR-PIM, and PIM-SSM can run together. Figure 14 shows how the device selects one protocol from among them for a receiver trying to join a group.

For more information about IGMP SSM mapping, see "Configuring IGMP."

Figure 14 Relationship among PIM protocols

PIM support for VPNs

To support PIM for VPNs, a multicast device that runs PIM maintains an independent set of PIM neighbor table, multicast routing table, BSR information, and RP-set information for each VPN.

After receiving a multicast data packet, the multicast device checks which VPN the data packet belongs to. Then, the device forwards the packet according to the multicast routing table for that VPN or creates a multicast routing entry for that VPN.

Protocols and standards

·     RFC 3973, Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM): Protocol Specification(Revised)

·     RFC 4601, Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised)

·     RFC 4610, Anycast-RP Using Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

·     RFC 5015, Bidirectional Protocol Independent Multicast (BIDIR-PIM)

·     RFC 5059, Bootstrap Router (BSR) Mechanism for Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)

·     RFC 4607, Source-Specific Multicast for IP

·     Draft-ietf-ssm-overview-05, An Overview of Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)

Restrictions: Hardware compatibility with PIM

Hardware

PIM compatibility

MSR810, MSR810-W, MSR810-W-DB, MSR810-LM, MSR810-W-LM, MSR810-10-PoE, MSR810-LM-HK, MSR810-W-LM-HK, MSR810-LMS-EA

Yes

MSR810-LMS, MSR810-LUS

No

MSR2600-6-X1, MSR2600-10-X1

Yes

MSR 2630

Yes

MSR3600-28, MSR3600-51

Yes

MSR3600-28-SI, MSR3600-51-SI

No

MSR3600-28-X1, MSR3600-28-X1-DP, MSR3600-51-X1, MSR3600-51-X1-DP

Yes

MSR3610-I-DP, MSR3610-IE-DP

Yes

MSR3610-X1, MSR3610-X1-DP, MSR3610-X1-DC, MSR3610-X1-DP-DC

Yes

MSR 3610, MSR 3620, MSR 3620-DP, MSR 3640, MSR 3660

Yes

MSR3610-G, MSR3620-G

Yes

Restrictions and guidelines: PIM configuration

All the interfaces on a device must operate in the same PIM mode on the public network or the same VPN instance.

When both PIM-SM and BIDIR-PIM run on the PIM network, do not use the same RP to provide services for PIM-SM and BIDIR-PIM. Otherwise, exceptions might occur to the PIM routing table.

Configuring PIM-DM

PIM-DM tasks at a glance

To configure PIM-DM, perform the following tasks:

1.     Enabling PIM-DM

2.     (Optional.) Configuring the state refresh feature

3.     (Optional.) Setting the PIM-DM graft retry timer

4.     (Optional.) Configuring common PIM timers

Prerequisites for PIM-DM

Before you configure PIM-DM, complete the following tasks:

·     Configure a unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain can interoperate at the network layer.

·     Enable IP multicast routing.

Enabling PIM-DM

About enabling PIM-DM

With PIM-DM enabled on interfaces, devices can establish PIM neighbor relationship and process PIM messages from their PIM neighbors.

Restrictions and guidelines

As a best practice, enable PIM-DM on all non-border interfaces of the devices when you deploy a PIM-DM domain.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable IP multicast routing and enter MRIB view.

multicast routing [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

By default, IP multicast routing is disabled.

For more information about this command, see IP Multicast Command Reference.

3.     Return to system view.

quit

4.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

5.     Enable PIM-DM.

pim dm

By default, PIM-DM is disabled.

Configuring the state refresh feature

About the state refresh feature

·     State refresh capability—Enables the PIM device directly connected to the source to periodically send state refresh messages. It also enables other PIM devices to refresh pruned state timers after receiving the state refresh messages. It prevents the pruned interfaces from resuming multicast forwarding.

·     State refresh interval—Determines the interval at which a device sends state refresh messages.

·     Wait time before accepting a new state refresh message—A device might receive duplicate state refresh messages within a short time. To prevent this situation, you can configure the time that the device must wait to accept a new state refresh message. If the device receives a new state refresh message before the timer expires, it discards the message. If the device receives a new state refresh message after the timer expires, it accepts the message, refreshes its own PIM-DM state, and resets the waiting timer.

·     TTL value of state refresh messages—The TTL value of a state refresh message decrements by 1 whenever it passes a device before it is forwarded to the downstream node. The state refresh message is not forwarded when the TTL value comes down to 0. A state refresh message with a large TTL value might cycle on a small network.

To effectively control the propagation scope of state refresh messages, configure an appropriate TTL value based on the network size on the device directly connected with the multicast source.

Restrictions and guidelines

Perform this task on all devices in the PIM-DM domain.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Enable the state refresh feature.

pim state-refresh-capable

By default, the state refresh feature is enabled.

4.     Return to system view.

quit

5.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

6.     Set the state refresh interval.

state-refresh-interval interval

The default setting is 60 seconds.

Perform this task on the device directly connected to the multicast source.

7.     Set the amount of time that the device must wait to accept a new state refresh message.

state-refresh-rate-limit time

The default setting is 30 seconds.

8.     Set the TTL value of state refresh messages.

state-refresh-ttl ttl-value

The default setting is 255.

Setting the PIM-DM graft retry timer

About setting the PIM-DM graft retry timer

Perform this task to adjust the interval at which the device retransmits a graft message if it does not receive a graft-ack message from the upstream device.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Set the graft retry timer.

pim timer graft-retry interval

The default setting is 3 seconds.

Configuring PIM-SM

PIM-SM tasks at a glance

To configure PIM-SM, perform the following tasks:

1.     Enabling PIM-SM

2.     Configuring static RPs

As a best practice, configure a static RP when only one dynamic RP exists in the network.

3.     Configuring dynamic RPs

¡     Configuring C-RPs

¡     Configuring C-BSRs

¡     (Optional.) Configuring a PIM domain border

¡     (Optional.) Disabling BSM semantic fragmentation

¡     (Optional.) Disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces

As a best practice, configure dynamic RPs when multiple PIM devices exist in the network.

You can configure static RPs, dynamic RPs, or both.

4.     (Optional.) Enabling Auto-RP listening

5.     (Optional.) Configuring Anycast RP

6.     (Optional.) Configuring multicast source registration

7.     (Optional.) Configuring the switchover to SPT

8.     (Optional.) Configuring common PIM features

Prerequisites for PIM-SM

Before you configure PIM-SM, complete the following tasks:

·     Configure a unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain can interoperate at the network layer.

·     Enable IP multicast routing.

Enabling PIM-SM

About enabling PIM-SM

With PIM-SM enabled on interfaces, devices can establish PIM neighbor relationship and process PIM messages from their PIM neighbors.

Restrictions and guidelines

As a best practice, enable PIM-SM on all non-border interfaces of devices when you deploy a PIM-SM domain.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable IP multicast routing and enter MRIB view.

multicast routing [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

By default, IP multicast routing is disabled.

For more information about this command, see IP Multicast Command Reference.

3.     Return to system view.

quit

4.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

5.     Enable PIM-SM.

pim sm

By default, PIM-SM is disabled.

Configuring static RPs

About static RPs

If only one dynamic RP exists on a network, you can configure a static RP to avoid communication interruption caused by single-point failures. The static RP can also avoid waste of bandwidth because of frequent message exchanges between C-RPs and the BSR.

Restrictions and guidelines

In a PIM-SM domain, you can configure the same static RP for different multicast groups by using the same RP address but different ACLs.

You do not need to enable PIM for an interface to be configured as a static RP.

If you configure multiple static RPs for a multicast group, only the static RP with the highest IP address takes effect.

The static RP configuration must be the same on all devices in the PIM-SM domain.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Configure a static RP.

static-rp rp-address [ ipv4-acl-number | preferred ] *

Configuring C-RPs

About C-RP configuration

To avoid C-RP spoofing, configure a C-RP policy to filter C-RP advertisement messages by using an ACL that specifies the packet source address range and multicast group addresses.

Restrictions and guidelines

Configure C-RPs on devices that reside in the backbone network.

Because the RP and other devices exchange a large amount of information in the PIM-SM domain, reserve a large bandwidth between C-RPs and other devices.

You must configure the same C-RP policy on all C-BSRs in the PIM-SM domain because every C-BSR might become the BSR.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Configure a C-RP.

c-rp ip-address [ advertisement-interval adv-interval | group-policy ipv4-acl-number | holdtime hold-time | priority priority ] *

4.     (Optional.) Configure a C-RP policy.

crp-policy ipv4-acl-number

By default, no C-RP policies are configured. All C-RP advertisement messages are regarded as legal.

Configuring C-BSRs

About C-BSRs

You must configure C-BSRs when you configure dynamic RP election.

To prevent a legal BSR from being replaced by a malicious host, configure a BSR policy to filter BSR messages by using an ACL that specifies the legal BSR addresses. It is used to prevent the legal BSR from being replaced by a malicious host.

Restrictions and guidelines

Configure C-BSRs on devices that reside in the backbone network.

Because the BSR and other devices exchange a large amount of information in the PIM-SM domain, reserve a large bandwidth between C-BSRs and other devices.

The C-BSR configuration on the devices in the PIM-SM domain must be the same.

For a successful RPF check, configure static multicast routes to ensure that the next hop to a C-BSR is a tunnel interface when C-BSRs connect to other PIM devices through tunnels. For more information about static multicast routes, see "Configuring multicast routing and forwarding."

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Configure a C-BSR.

c-bsr ip-address [ scope group-address { mask-length | mask } ] [ hash-length hash-length | priority priority ] *

4.     (Optional.) Configure a BSR policy.

bsr-policy ipv4-acl-number

By default, no BSR policies are configured. All bootstrap messages are regarded as legal.

Configuring a PIM domain border

About PIM domain borders

A PIM domain border determines the transmission boundary of bootstrap messages. Bootstrap messages cannot cross the domain border in either direction. A number of PIM domain border interfaces partition a network into different PIM-SM domains.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Configure a PIM domain border.

pim bsr-boundary

By default, an interface is not a PIM domain border.

Disabling BSM semantic fragmentation

About BSM semantic fragmentation

BSM semantic fragmentation enables a BSR to split a BSM into multiple BSM fragments (BSMFs) if the BSM exceeds the MTU. In this way, a non-BSR device can update the RP-set information for a group range after receiving all BSMFs for the range. The loss of one BSMF only affects the RP-set information of the group ranges that the fragment contains.

Restrictions and guidelines

If a device does not support BSM semantic fragmentation, it regards a BSMF as a BSM and updates the RP-set information each time it receives a BSMF. It learns only part of the RP-set information, which further affects the RP election. Therefore, if such a device exists in the PIM-SM domain, you must disable BSM semantic fragmentation on all C-BSRs.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Disable BSM semantic fragmentation.

undo bsm-fragment enable

By default, BSM semantic fragmentation is enabled.

Disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces

About disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces

By default, the device forwards BSMs out of their incoming interfaces. This default setting ensures that all devices on the subnet can receive BSMs even when they have inconsistent routing information. However, this default setting results in duplicated multicast traffic. If you are sure that all the devices on the subnet have consistent routing information, you can disable the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Disable the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces.

undo bsm-reflection enable

By default, the device forwards BSMs out of their incoming interfaces.

Enabling Auto-RP listening

About Auto-RP listening

This feature enables the device to receive Auto-RP announcement and discovery messages and learn RP information. The destination IP addresses for Auto-RP announcement and discovery messages are 224.0.1.39 and 224.0.1.40, respectively.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Enable Auto-RP listening.

auto-rp enable

By default, Auto-RP listening is disabled.

Configuring Anycast RP

Restrictions and guidelines

To prevent the other Anycast RP member devices from discarding the BSM sent by the BSR, make sure the Anycast RP address is different from the BSR address.

As a best practice to ensure network performance, configure a maximum of 16 Anycast RP members for an Anycast RP set.

As a best practice, configure the IP address of a loopback interface as the RP member address.

If you configure IP addresses of multiple interfaces on the same device as RP member addresses, the lowest IP address takes effect. The rest of the interface addresses become backup RP member addresses.

An Anycast RP address must be a host address with subnet mask 255.255.255.255.

You must add the device where the Anycast RP resides as an RP member to the Anycast RP set.

Prerequisites

You must configure a static RP or C-RPs in the PIM-SM domain before you configure the Anycast RP. Use the address of the static RP or the dynamically elected RP as the Anycast RP address.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Configure Anycast RP.

anycast-rp anycast-rp-address member-rp-address

By default, Anycast RP is not configured.

You can repeat this command to add multiple RP member addresses to the Anycast RP set.

Configuring multicast source registration

About multicast source registration

·     PIM register policy—A PIM register policy enables an RP to filter register messages by using an ACL that specifies the multicast sources and groups. The policy limits the multicast groups to which the RP is designated. If a register message is denied by the ACL or does not match the ACL, the RP discards the register message and sends a register-stop message to the source-side DR. The registration process stops.

·     Checksum computing method for register messages—For information integrity of a register message, you can configure the device to calculate the checksum based on the entire register message. If a device cannot calculate the checksum based on the entire register message, you can configure the device to calculate the checksum based on the register message header.

·     Register suppression time—The source-side DR stops sending register messages encapsulated with multicast data and starts a register-stop timer upon receiving a register-stop message from the RP. Before the register-stop timer expires, the DR sends a null register message (a register message without encapsulated multicast data) to the RP and starts a register probe timer. If the DR receives a register-stop message before the register probe timer expires, it resets its register-stop timer. Otherwise, the DR starts sending register messages with encapsulated data again.

The register-stop timer is set to a random value chosen uniformly from (0.5 × register_suppression_time minus register_probe_time) to (1.5 × register_suppression_time minus register_probe_time). The register_probe_time is fixed to 5 seconds. You can adjust the register suppression time.

Restrictions and guidelines

On all C-RP devices, configure a PIM register policy and the checksum computing method for register messages.

On all devices that might become the source-side DR, set the register suppression time.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Configure a PIM register policy.

register-policy ipv4-acl-number

By default, no PIM register policy is configured. All PIM register messages are regarded as legal.

4.     Configure the device to calculate the checksum based on the entire register message.

register-whole-checksum

By default, the device calculates the checksum based on the header of a register message.

5.     Set the register suppression time.

register-suppression-timeout interval

The default setting is 60 seconds.

Configuring the switchover to SPT

About the switchover to SPT

Both the receiver-side DR and RP can monitor the traffic rate of passing-by multicast packets and thus trigger a switchover from RPT to SPT. The monitor function is not available on switches.

Restrictions and guidelines

If the multicast source information is learned through MSDP, the device switches to SPT immediately after it receives the first multicast packet, regardless of the traffic rate threshold.

Some devices cannot encapsulate multicast data in register messages destined to the RP. As a best practice to avoid multicast data forwarding failures, do not disable the switchover to SPT on C-RPs that might become the RP.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Configure RPT to SPT switchover.

spt-switch-threshold { traffic-rate | immediacy | infinity } [ group-policy ipv4-acl-number ]

By default, the first multicast data packet triggers the RPT to SPT switchover.

Configuring BIDIR-PIM

BIDIR-PIM tasks at a glance

To configure BIDIR-PIM, perform the following tasks:

1.     Enabling BIDIR-PIM

2.     Configuring static RPs

As a best practice, configure a static RP when only one dynamic RP exists in the network.

3.     Configuring dynamic RPs

¡     Configuring C-RPs

¡     Configuring C-BSRs

¡     (Optional.) Configuring a PIM domain border

¡     (Optional.) Disabling BSM semantic fragmentation

¡     (Optional.) Disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces

As a best practice, configure dynamic RPs when multiple PIM devices exist in the network.

You can configure static RPs, dynamic RPs, or both.

4.     (Optional.) Setting the maximum number of BIDIR-PIM RPs

5.     (Optional.) Enabling Auto-RP listening

6.     (Optional.) Configuring common PIM features

Prerequisites for BIDIR-PIM

Before you configure BIDIR-PIM, complete the following tasks:

·     Configure a unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain can interoperate at the network layer.

·     Enable PIM-SM.

Enabling BIDIR-PIM

Restrictions and guidelines

As a best practice, enable PIM-SM on all non-border interfaces of devices when you deploy a BIDIR-PIM domain.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable IP multicast routing and enter MRIB view.

multicast routing [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

By default, IP multicast routing is disabled.

For more information about this command, see IP Multicast Command Reference.

3.     Return to system view.

quit

4.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

5.     Enable PIM-SM.

pim sm

By default, PIM-SM is disabled.

6.     Return to system view.

quit

7.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

8.     Enable BIDIR-PIM.

bidir-pim enable

By default, BIDIR-PIM is disabled.

Configuring static RPs

About static RPs

If only one dynamic RP exists on a network, you can configure a static RP to avoid communication interruption caused by single-point failures. The static RP can also avoid bandwidth waste caused by frequent message exchanges between C-RPs and the BSR.

Restrictions and guidelines

The static RP configuration must be the same on all devices in the BIDIR-PIM domain.

In a BIDIR-PIM domain, you can configure the same static RP for different multicast groups by using the same RP address but different ACLs.

You do not need to enable PIM for an interface to be configured as a static RP.

If you configure multiple static RPs for a multicast group, only the static RP with the highest IP address takes effect.

You can specify an unused IP address for a static RP. This address must be on the same subnet with the link on which the static RP is configured. For example, if the IP addresses of the interfaces at the two ends of a link are 10.1.1.1/24 and 10.1.1.2/24, you can specify the interface with IP address 10.1.1.100/24 as a static RP. As a result, the link becomes an RPL.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Configure a static RP for BIDIR-PIM.

static-rp rp-address bidir [ ipv4-acl-number | preferred ] *

Configuring C-RPs

About C-RP configuration

To guard against C-RP spoofing, configure a C-RP policy to filter C-RP advertisement messages by using an ACL that specifies the packet source address range and multicast groups.

Restrictions and guidelines

Configure C-RPs on devices that reside in the backbone network.

Because the RP and other devices exchange a large amount of information in the BIDIR-PIM domain, reserve a large bandwidth between C-RPs and other devices.

You must configure the same C-RP policy on all C-BSRs in the BIDIR-PIM domain because every C-BSR might become the BSR.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Configure a C-RP to provide services for BIDIR-PIM.

c-rp ip-address [ advertisement-interval adv-interval | group-policy ipv4-acl-number | holdtime hold-time | priority priority ] * bidir

Configuring C-BSRs

About C-BSRs

You must configure C-BSRs when you configure dynamic RP election.

To prevent a legal BSR from being replaced by a malicious host, configure a BSR policy to filter BSR messages by using an ACL that specifies the legal BSR addresses.

Restrictions and guidelines

Configure C-BSRs on devices that reside in the backbone device.

Because the BSR and other devices exchange a large amount of information in the BIDIR-PIM domain, reserve a large bandwidth between the C-BSRs and other devices.

The C-BSR configuration on the devices in the BIDIR-PIM domain must be the same.

For C-BSRs interconnected through a GRE tunnel, configure static multicast routes to make sure the next hop to a C-BSR is a tunnel interface. For more information about static multicast routes, see "Configuring multicast routing and forwarding."

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Configure a C-BSR.

c-bsr ip-address [ scope group-address { mask-length | mask } ] [ hash-length hash-length | priority priority ] *

4.     (Optional.) Configure a BSR policy.

bsr-policy ipv4-acl-number

By default, no BSR policy is configured. All bootstrap messages are regarded as legal.

Configuring a PIM domain border

About PIM domain borders

A PIM domain border determines the transmission boundary of bootstrap messages. Bootstrap messages cannot cross the domain border in either direction. A number of PIM domain border interfaces partition a network into different BIDIR-PIM domains.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Configure a PIM domain border.

pim bsr-boundary

By default, an interface is not a PIM domain border.

Disabling BSM semantic fragmentation

About BSM semantic fragmentation

BSM semantic fragmentation enables a BSR to split a BSM into multiple BSM fragments (BSMFs) if the BSM exceeds the MTU. In this way, a non-BSR device can update the RP-set information for a group range after receiving all BSMFs for the group range. The loss of one BSMF only affects the RP-set information of the group ranges that the fragment contains.

Restrictions and guidelines

If a device does not support BSM semantic fragmentation, it regards a BSMF as a BSM and updates the RP-set information each time it receives a BSMF. It learns only part of the RP-set information, which further affects the RP election. Therefore, if such a device presents in the BIDIR-PIM domain, you must disable BSM semantic fragmentation on all C-BSRs.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Disable BSM semantic fragmentation.

undo bsm-fragment enable

By default, BSM semantic fragmentation is enabled.

Disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces

About disabling the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces

By default, the device forwards BSMs out of their incoming interfaces. This default setting ensures that all devices on the subnet can receive BSMs even when they have inconsistent routing information. However, this default setting results in duplicated multicast traffic. If you are sure that all the devices on the subnet have consistent routing information, you can disable the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Disable the device from forwarding BSMs out of their incoming interfaces.

undo bsm-reflection enable

By default, the device forwards BSMs out of their incoming interfaces.

Setting the maximum number of BIDIR-PIM RPs

About setting the maximum number of BIDIR-PIM RPs

In a BIDIR-PIM domain, one DF election per RP is implemented on all PIM-enabled interfaces. To avoid unnecessary DF elections, do not configure multiple RPs for BIDIR-PIM.

This configuration sets a limit on the number of BIDIR-PIM RPs. If the number of RPs exceeds the limit, excess RPs do not take effect and can be used only for DF election rather than multicast data forwarding. The system does not delete the excess RPs. They must be deleted manually.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Set the maximum number of BIDIR-PIM RPs.

bidir-rp-limit limit

By default, the maximum number of BIDIR-PIM RPs is 6.

Enabling Auto-RP listening

About Auto-RP listening

This feature enables the device to receive Auto-RP announcement and discovery messages and learn RP information. The destination IP addresses for Auto-RP announcement and discovery messages are 224.0.1.39 and 224.0.1.40, respectively.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Enable Auto-RP listening.

auto-rp enable

By default, Auto-RP listening is disabled.

Configuring PIM-SSM

PIM-SSM tasks at a glance

To configure PIM-SSM, perform the following tasks:

1.     Enabling PIM-SM

2.     (Optional.) Configuring the SSM group range

3.     (Optional.) Configuring common PIM features

Prerequisites for PIM-SSM

Before you configure PIM-SSM, complete the following tasks:

·     Configure a unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain can interoperate at the network layer.

·     Enable PIM-SM.

·     Enable IGMPv3 on PIM devices that connect to multicast receivers.

Enabling PIM-SM

Restrictions and guidelines

As a best practice, enable PIM-SM on all non-border interfaces of devices when you deploy a PIM-SSM domain.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable multicast routing and enter MRIB view.

multicast routing [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

By default, multicast routing is disabled.

For more information about this command, see IP Multicast Command Reference.

3.     Return to system view.

quit

4.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

5.     Enable PIM-SM.

pim sm

By default, PIM-SM is disabled.

Configuring the SSM group range

About the SSM-group range

When a PIM-SM enabled interface receives a multicast packet, it checks whether the multicast group address of the packet is in the SSM group range. If the multicast group address is in this range, the PIM mode for this packet is PIM-SSM. If the multicast group address is not in this range, the PIM mode is PIM-SM.

Restrictions and guidelines

Configure the same SSM group range on all devices in the entire PIM-SSM domain. Otherwise, multicast information cannot be delivered through the SSM model.

When a member of a multicast group in the SSM group range sends an IGMPv1 or IGMPv2 report message, the device does not trigger a (*, G) join.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim

3.     Configure the SSM group range.

ssm-policy ipv4-acl-number

By default, the SSM group range is 232.0.0.0/8.

Configuring common PIM features

Common PIM feature tasks at a glance

All the following tasks are optional.

·     Configuring a multicast source policy

·     Configuring a PIM hello policy

·     Configuring PIM hello message options

·     Dropping hello messages without the Generation ID option

·     Configuring common PIM timers

·     Setting the maximum size of a join or prune message

·     Enabling BFD for PIM

·     Enabling PIM passive mode

·     Enabling PIM NSR

·     Enabling NBMA mode for ADVPN tunnel interfaces

·     Enabling SNMP notifications for PIM

Configuring a multicast source policy

About multicast source policies

This feature enables the device to filter multicast data by using an ACL that specifies the multicast sources and the optional groups. It filters not only data packets but also register messages with multicast data encapsulated. It controls the information available to downstream receivers.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Configure a multicast source policy.

source-policy ipv4-acl-number

By default, no multicast source policy is configured. The device does not filter multicast data packets.

Configuring a PIM hello policy

About PIM hello policies

This feature enables the device to filter PIM hello messages by using an ACL that specifies the packet source addresses. It is used to guard against PIM message attacks and to establish correct PIM neighboring relationships.

If hello messages of an existing PIM neighbor are filtered out by the policy, the neighbor is automatically removed when its aging timer expires.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Configure a PIM hello policy.

pim neighbor-policy ipv4-acl-number

By default, no PIM hello policy is configured on an interface. All PIM hello messages are regarded as legal.

Configuring PIM hello message options

About PIM hello message options

In either a PIM-DM domain or a PIM-SM domain, hello messages exchanged among devices contain the following configurable options:

·     DR_Priority (for PIM-SM only)—Priority for DR election. The device with the highest priority wins the DR election. You can configure this option for all the devices in a shared-media LAN that directly connects to the multicast source or the receivers.

·     Holdtime—PIM neighbor lifetime. If a device does not receive a hello message from a neighbor when the neighbor lifetime expires, it regards the neighbor failed or unreachable.

·     LAN_Prune_Delay—Delay of pruning a downstream interface on a shared-media LAN. This option has the LAN delay field, the override interval field, and the T bit.

The LAN delay defines the PIM message propagation delay. The override interval defines a period for a device to override a prune message. The T bit specifies the capability of tracking downstream device status on upstream devices.

On the shared-media LAN, the propagation delay and override interval are used as follows:

¡     If a device receives a prune message on its upstream interface, it means that there are downstream devices on the shared-media LAN. If this device still needs to receive multicast data, it must send a join message to override the prune message within the override interval.

¡     When a device receives a prune message from its downstream interface, it does not immediately prune this interface. Instead, it starts a timer (the propagation delay plus the override interval). If interface receives a join message before the timer expires, the device does not prune the interface. Otherwise, the device prunes the interface.

·     Neighbor tracking—If you enable neighbor tracking on an upstream device, this device can track the states of the downstream nodes for which the joined state holdtime timer has not expired. All join messages from downstream devices are accepted.

Restrictions and guidelines

If the propagation delay or override interval on different PIM devices on a shared-media LAN are different, the largest ones apply.

If you want to enable neighbor tracking, you must enable it on all PIM devices on a shared-media LAN. Otherwise, the upstream device cannot track join messages from every downstream devices.

You can configure hello message options for all interfaces in PIM view or for the current interface in interface view. The configuration made in interface view takes priority over the configuration made in PIM view.

Configuring hello message options globally

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Set the DR priority.

hello-option dr-priority priority

The default setting is 1.

4.     Set the neighbor lifetime.

hello-option holdtime time

The default setting is 105 seconds.

5.     Set the PIM message propagation delay for a shared-media LAN.

hello-option lan-delay delay

The default setting is 500 milliseconds.

6.     Set the override interval.

hello-option override-interval interval

The default setting is 2500 milliseconds.

7.     Enable neighbor tracking.

hello-option neighbor-tracking

By default, neighbor tracking is disabled.

Configuring hello message options on an interface

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Set the DR priority.

pim hello-option dr-priority priority

The default setting is 1.

4.     Set the neighbor lifetime.

pim hello-option holdtime time

The default setting is 105 seconds.

5.     Set the PIM message propagation delay.

pim hello-option lan-delay delay

The default setting is 500 milliseconds.

6.     Set the override interval.

pim hello-option override-interval interval

The default setting is 2500 milliseconds.

7.     Enable neighbor tracking.

pim hello-option neighbor-tracking

By default, neighbor tracking is disabled.

Dropping hello messages without the Generation ID option

About dropping hello messages without the Generation ID option

A device generates a generation ID for hello messages when an interface is enabled with PIM. The generation ID is a random value, but it changes only when the status of the device changes. If a PIM device finds that the generation ID in a hello message from the upstream device has changed, it assumes that the status of the upstream device has changed. In this case, it sends a join message to the upstream device for status update. You can configure an interface to drop hello messages without the generation ID options to promptly know the status of an upstream device.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Enable the interface to drop hello messages without the Generation ID option.

pim require-genid

By default, an interface accepts hello messages without the Generation ID option.

Configuring common PIM timers

About common PIM timers

The following are common PIM timers:

·     Hello interval—Interval at which a PIM device sends hello messages to discover PIM neighbors, and maintain PIM neighbor relationship.

·     Triggered hello delay—Maximum delay for sending a hello message to avoid collisions caused by simultaneous hello messages. After receiving a hello message, a PIM device waits for a random time before sending a hello message. This random time is in the range of 0 to the triggered hello delay.

·     Join/Prune interval—Interval at which a PIM device sends join/prune messages to its upstream devices for state update.

·     Joined/Pruned state holdtime—Time for which a PIM device keeps the joined/pruned state for the downstream interfaces. This joined/pruned state holdtime is specified in a join/prune message.

·     Multicast source lifetime—Lifetime that a PIM device maintains for a multicast source. If a device does not receive subsequent multicast data from the multicast source S when the timer expires, it deletes the (S, G) entry for the multicast source.

Restrictions and guidelines

To prevent upstream neighbors from aging out, set the join/prune interval to be less than the join/pruned state holdtime.

You can configure common PIM timers for all interfaces in PIM view or for the current interface in interface view. The configuration made in interface view takes priority over the configuration made in PIM view.

As a best practice, use the defaults for a network without special requirements.

Configuring common PIM timers globally

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Set the hello interval.

timer hello interval

The default setting is 30 seconds.

4.     Set the join/prune interval.

timer join-prune interval

The default setting is 60 seconds.

This configuration takes effect after the current interval ends.

5.     Set the joined/pruned state holdtime.

holdtime join-prune time

The default setting is 210 seconds.

6.     Set the multicast source lifetime.

source-lifetime time

The default setting is 210 seconds.

Configuring common PIM timers on an interface

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Set the hello interval.

pim timer hello interval

The default setting is 30 seconds.

4.     Set the triggered hello delay.

pim triggered-hello-delay delay

The default setting is 5 seconds.

5.     Set the join/prune interval.

pim timer join-prune interval

The default setting is 60 seconds.

This configuration takes effect after the current interval ends.

6.     Set the joined/pruned state holdtime.

pim holdtime join-prune time

The default setting is 210 seconds.

Setting the maximum size of a join or prune message

About setting the maximum size of a join or prune message

The loss of an oversized join or prune message might result in loss of massive information. You can set a small value for the size of a join or prune message to reduce the impact.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter PIM view.

pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]

3.     Set the maximum size of a join or prune message.

jp-pkt-size size

The default setting is 8100 bytes.

Enabling BFD for PIM

About enabling BFD for PIM

If a DR on a shared-media network fails, a new DR election process does not start until the DR ages out. In addition, it might take a long period of time before other devices detect the link failures and trigger a new DR election. To start a new DR election process immediately after the original DR fails, enable BFD for PIM to detect link failures among PIM neighbors.

You must enable BFD for PIM on all PIM devices on a shared-media network. For more information about BFD, see High Availability Configuration Guide.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Enable BFD for PIM.

pim bfd enable

By default, BFD is disabled for PIM.

Enabling PIM passive mode

About PIM passive mode

To guard against PIM hello spoofing, you can enable PIM passive mode on a receiver-side interface. The PIM passive interface cannot receive or forward PIM protocol messages (excluding register, register-stop, and C-RP-Adv messages), and it acts as the DR on the subnet. In BIDIR-PIM, it also acts as the DF.

Restrictions and guidelines

To avoid duplicate multicast data transmission and flow loop, do not enable this feature on a shared-media LAN with multiple PIM devices.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Enable PIM passive mode on the interface.

pim passive

By default, PIM passive mode is disabled on an interface.

Enabling PIM NSR

About PIM NSR

This feature enables PIM to back up protocol state information and data, including PIM neighbor information and routes, from the active process to the standby process. The standby process immediately takes over when the active process fails. Use this feature to avoid route flapping and forwarding interruption for PIM when an active/standby switchover occurs.

Hardware and feature compatibility

Hardware

Feature compatibility

MSR810, MSR810-W, MSR810-W-DB, MSR810-LM, MSR810-W-LM, MSR810-10-PoE, MSR810-LM-HK, MSR810-W-LM-HK, MSR810-LMS-EA

No

MSR810-LMS, MSR810-LUS

No

MSR2600-6-X1, MSR2600-10-X1

No

MSR 2630

·     In standalone mode: No

·     In IRF mode: Yes

MSR3600-28, MSR3600-51

·     In standalone mode: No

·     In IRF mode: Yes

MSR3600-28-SI, MSR3600-51-SI

No

MSR3600-28-X1, MSR3600-28-X1-DP, MSR3600-51-X1, MSR3600-51-X1-DP

·     In standalone mode: No

·     In IRF mode: Yes

MSR3610-I-DP, MSR3610-IE-DP

No

MSR3610-X1, MSR3610-X1-DP, MSR3610-X1-DC, MSR3610-X1-DP-DC

·     In standalone mode: No

·     In IRF mode: Yes

MSR 3610, MSR 3620, MSR 3620-DP, MSR 3640, MSR 3660

·     In standalone mode: No

·     In IRF mode: Yes

MSR3610-G, MSR3620-G

·     In standalone mode: No

·     In IRF mode: Yes

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable PIM NSR.

pim non-stop-routing

By default, PIM NSR is disabled.

Enabling NBMA mode for ADVPN tunnel interfaces

About NBMA mode for ADVPN tunnel interfaces

This feature allows ADVPN tunnel interfaces to forward multicast data only to target spokes and hubs. For more information about ADVPN, see Layer 3IP Services Configuration Guide.

Restrictions and guidelines

This feature is not available for PIM-DM.

This feature takes effect only when PIM-SM is enabled on the ADVPN tunnel interface.

In a BIDIR-PIM domain, make sure RPs do not reside on ADVPN tunnel interfaces or on the subnet where ADVPN tunnel interfaces are located.

Do not configure IGMP features on ADVPN tunnel interfaces that are enabled with NBMA mode.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enter interface view.

interface interface-type interface-number

3.     Enable NBMA mode.

pim nbma-mode

By default, NBMA mode is disabled.

This command is applicable only to ADVPN tunnel interfaces.

Enabling SNMP notifications for PIM

About SNMP notifications for PIM

To report critical PIM events to an NMS, enable SNMP notifications for PIM. For PIM event notifications to be sent correctly, you must also configure SNMP as described in Network Management and Monitoring Configuration Guide.

Procedure

1.     Enter system view.

system-view

2.     Enable SNMP notifications for PIM.

snmp-agent trap enable pim [ candidate-bsr-win-election | elected-bsr-lost-election | neighbor-loss ] *

By default, SNMP notifications for PIM are enabled.

Display and maintenance commands for PIM

Execute display commands in any view and reset commands in user view.

 

Task

Command

Display register-tunnel interface information.

display interface [ register-tunnel [ interface-number ] ] [ brief [ description | down ] ]

Display BSR information in the PIM-SM domain.

display pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] bsr-info

Display information about the routes used by PIM.

display pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] claimed-route [ source-address ]

Display C-RP information in the PIM-SM domain.

display pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] c-rp [ local ]

Display DF information in the BIDIR-PIM domain.

display pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] df-info [ rp-address ]

Display PIM information on an interface.

display pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] interface [ interface-type interface-number ] [ verbose ]

Display PIM neighbor information.

display pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] neighbor [ neighbor-address | interface interface-type interface-number | verbose ] *

Display PIM routing entries.

display pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] routing-table [ group-address [ mask { mask-length | mask } ] | source-address [ mask { mask-length | mask } ] | flags flag-value | fsm | incoming-interface interface-type interface-number | mode mode-type | outgoing-interface { exclude | include | match } interface-type interface-number | proxy ] *

Display RP information in the PIM-SM domain.

display pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] rp-info [ group-address ]

Display statistics for PIM packets.

display pim statistics

Display remote end information maintained by PIM for ADVPN tunnel interfaces.

display pim [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ] nbma-link [ interface { interface-type interface-number } ]

PIM configuration examples

Example: Configuring PIM-DM

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 15:

·     OSPF runs on the network.

·     VOD streams are sent to receiver hosts in multicast. The receiver groups of different organizations form stub networks, and one or more receiver hosts exist on each stub network.

·     The entire PIM domain operates in the dense mode.

·     Host A and Host C are multicast receivers on two stub networks N1 and N2.

·     IGMPv2 runs between Router A and N1, and between Router B, Router C, and N2.

Figure 15 Network diagram

Table 1 Interface and IP address assignment

Device

Interface

IP address

Device

Interface

IP address

Router A

GE1/0/1

10.110.1.1/24

Router C

GE1/0/2

192.168.3.1/24

Router A

GE1/0/2

192.168.1.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/1

10.110.5.1/24

Router B

GE1/0/1

10.110.2.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/2

192.168.1.2/24

Router B

GE1/0/2

192.168.2.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/3

192.168.2.2/24

Router C

GE1/0/1

10.110.2.2/24

Router D

GE1/0/4

192.168.3.2/24

Procedure

1.     Assign an IP address and subnet mask for each interface, as shown in Figure 15. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure OSPF on the routers in the PIM-DM domain. (Details not shown.)

3.     Enable IP multicast routing, IGMP, and PIM-DM:

# On Router A, enable IP multicast routing.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] multicast routing

[RouterA-mrib] quit

# Enable IGMP on the receiver-side interface (GigabitEthernet 1/0/1).

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] igmp enable

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

# Enable PIM-DM on GigabitEthernet 1/0/2.

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] pim dm

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

# Enable IP multicast routing, IGMP, and PIM-DM on Router B and Router C in the same way Router A is configured. (Details not shown.)

# On Router D, enable IP multicast routing, and enable PIM-DM on each interface.

<RouterD> system-view

[RouterD] multicast routing

[RouterD-mrib] quit

[RouterD] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] pim dm

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[RouterD] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] pim dm

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[RouterD] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] pim dm

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

[RouterD] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/4

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/4] pim dm

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/4] quit

Verifying the configuration

# Display PIM information on Router D.

[RouterD] display pim interface

 Interface           NbrCnt HelloInt   DR-Pri     DR-Address

 GE1/0/1             0      30         1          10.110.5.1     (local)

 GE1/0/2             1      30         1          192.168.1.2    (local)

 GE1/0/3             1      30         1          192.168.2.2    (local)

 GE1/0/4             1      30         1          192.168.3.2    (local)

# Display the PIM neighboring relationships on Router D.

[RouterD] display pim neighbor

 Total Number of Neighbors = 3

 

 Neighbor         Interface           Uptime   Expires  Dr-Priority Mode

 192.168.1.1      GE1/0/2             00:02:22 00:01:27 1

 192.168.2.1      GE1/0/3             00:00:22 00:01:29 1

 192.168.3.1      GE1/0/4             00:00:23 00:01:31 1

# Send an IGMP report from Host A to join multicast group 225.1.1.1. (Details not shown.)

# Send multicast data from multicast source 10.110.5.100/24 to multicast group 225.1.1.1. (Details not shown.)

# Display the PIM routing table on Router A.

[RouterA] display pim routing-table

 Total 1 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry

 

 (*, 225.1.1.1)

     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: WC

     UpTime: 00:04:25

     Upstream interface: NULL

         Upstream neighbor: NULL

         RPF prime neighbor: NULL

     Downstream interface(s) information:

     Total number of downstreams: 1

         1: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

             Protocol: igmp, UpTime: 00:04:25, Expires: -

 

 (10.110.5.100, 225.1.1.1)

     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: ACT

     UpTime: 00:06:14

     Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

         Upstream neighbor: 192.168.1.2

         RPF prime neighbor: 192.168.1.2

     Downstream interface(s) information:

     Total number of downstreams: 1

         1: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:04:25, Expires: -

# Display the PIM routing table on Router D.

[RouterD] display pim routing-table

 Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry

 

 (10.110.5.100, 225.1.1.1)

     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: LOC ACT

     UpTime: 00:03:27

     Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

         Upstream neighbor: NULL

         RPF prime neighbor: NULL

     Downstream interface(s) information:

     Total number of downstreams: 1

         1: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:03:27, Expires: -

The output shows the following information:

·     Routers on the SPT path (Router A and Router D) have the correct (S, G) entries.

·     Router A has the correct (*, G) entry.

Example: Configuring non-scoped PIM-SM

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 16:

·     OSPF runs on the network.

·     VOD streams are sent to receiver hosts in multicast. The receivers of different subnets form stub networks, and a minimum of one receiver host exist on each stub network.

·     The entire PIM-SM domain contains only one BSR.

·     Host A and Host C are multicast receivers in the stub networks N1 and N2.

·     Specify GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 on Router E as a C-BSR and a C-RP. The C-RP is designated to multicast group range 225.1.1.0/24. Specify GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 of Router D as the static RP on all the routers to back up the dynamic RP.

·     IGMPv2 runs between Router A and N1, and between Router B, Router C, and N2.

Figure 16 Network diagram

Table 2 Interface and IP address assignment

Device

Interface

IP address

Device

Interface

IP address

Router A

GE1/0/1

10.110.1.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/1

10.110.5.1/24

Router A

GE1/0/2

192.168.1.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/2

192.168.1.2/24

Router A

GE1/0/3

192.168.9.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/3

192.168.4.2/24

Router B

GE1/0/1

10.110.2.1/24

Router E

GE1/0/1

192.168.3.2/24

Router B

GE1/0/2

192.168.2.1/24

Router E

GE1/0/2

192.168.2.2/24

Router C

GE1/0/1

10.110.2.2/24

Router E

GE1/0/3

192.168.9.2/24

Router C

GE1/0/2

192.168.3.1/24

Router E

GE1/0/4

192.168.4.1/24

Procedure

1.     Assign an IP address and subnet mask to each interface, as shown in Figure 16. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure OSPF on all routers in the PIM-SM domain. (Details not shown.)

3.     Enable IP multicast routing, IGMP and PIM-SM:

# On Router A, enable IP multicast routing.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] multicast routing

[RouterA-mrib] quit

# Enable IGMP on the receiver-side interface (GigabitEthernet 1/0/1).

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] igmp enable

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

# Enable PIM-SM on the other interfaces.

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] pim sm

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] pim sm

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

# Enable IP multicast routing, IGMP and PIM-SM on Router B and Router C in the same way Router A is configured. (Details not shown.)

# Enable IP multicast routing and PIM-SM on Router D and Router E in the same way Router A is configured. (Details not shown.)

4.     Configure C-BSRs, C-RPs, and the static RP:

# On Router E, configure the service scope of RP advertisements.

<RouterE> system-view

[RouterE] acl basic 2005

[RouterE-acl-ipv4-basic-2005] rule permit source 225.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[RouterE-acl-ipv4-basic-2005] quit

# Configure GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 as a C-BSR and a C-RP, and configure GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 of Router D as the static RP.

[RouterE] pim

[RouterE-pim] c-bsr 192.168.9.2

[RouterE-pim] c-rp 192.168.9.2 group-policy 2005

[RouterE-pim] static-rp 192.168.1.2

[RouterE-pim] quit

# On Router A, configure GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 of Router D as the static RP.

[RouterA] pim

[RouterA-pim] static-rp 192.168.1.2

[RouterA-pim] quit

# Configure the static RP on Router B, Router C, and Router D in the same way Router A is configured. (Details not shown.)

Verifying the configuration

# Display PIM information on Router A.

[RouterA] display pim interface

 Interface           NbrCnt HelloInt   DR-Pri     DR-Address

 GE1/0/2             1      30         1          192.168.1.2

 GE1/0/3             1      30         1          192.168.9.2

# Display BSR information on Router A.

[RouterA] display pim bsr-info

 Scope: non-scoped

     State: Accept Preferred

     Bootstrap timer: 00:01:44

     Elected BSR address: 192.168.9.2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 30

       Uptime: 00:11:18

# Display BSR information on Router E.

[RouterE] display pim bsr-info

 Scope: non-scoped

     State: Elected

     Bootstrap timer: 00:01:44

     Elected BSR address: 192.168.9.2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 30

       Uptime: 00:11:18

     Candidate BSR address: 192.168.9.2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 30

# Display RP information on Router A.

[RouterA] display pim rp-info

 BSR RP information:

   Scope: non-scoped

     Group/MaskLen: 225.1.1.0/24

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       192.168.9.2              192       180       00:51:45  00:02:22

 

 Static RP information:

       RP address               ACL   Mode    Preferred

       192.168.1.2              ----  pim-sm  No

Example: Configuring admin-scoped PIM-SM

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 17:

·     OSPF runs on the network.

·     VOD streams are sent to receiver hosts in multicast. The entire PIM-SM domain is divided into admin-scoped zone 1, admin-scoped zone 2, and the global-scoped zone. Router B, Router C, and Router D are ZBRs of the three zones, respectively.

·     Source 1 and Source 2 send different multicast data to multicast group 239.1.1.1. Host A receives the multicast data only from Source 1, and Host B receives the multicast data only from Source 2. Source 3 sends multicast data to multicast group 224.1.1.1. Host C is a multicast receiver for multicast group 224.1.1.1.

·     GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 of Router B acts as a C-BSR and a C-RP for admin-scoped zone 1, and GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 of Router D acts as a C-BSR and a C-RP for admin-scoped zone 2. Both of the two interfaces are designated to the multicast group range 239.0.0.0/8. GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 of Router F acts as a C-BSR and a C-RP for the global-scoped zone, and is designated to all the multicast groups that are not in the range 239.0.0.0/8.

·     IGMPv2 runs between Router A, Router E, Router I, and the receivers that directly connect to them, respectively.

Figure 17 Network diagram

Table 3 Interface and IP address assignment

Device

Interface

IP address

Device

Interface

IP address

Router A

GE1/0/1

192.168.1.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/1

10.110.5.2/24

Router A

GE1/0/2

10.110.1.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/2

10.110.7.1/24

Router B

GE1/0/1

192.168.2.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/3

10.110.8.1/24

Router B

GE1/0/2

10.110.1.2/24

Router E

GE1/0/1

192.168.4.1/24

Router B

GE1/0/3

10.110.2.1/24

Router E

GE1/0/2

10.110.4.2/24

Router B

GE1/0/4

10.110.3.1/24

Router E

GE1/0/3

10.110.7.2/24

Router C

GE1/0/1

192.168.3.1/24

Router F

GE1/0/1

10.110.9.1/24

Router C

GE1/0/2

10.110.4.1/24

Router F

GE1/0/2

10.110.8.2/24

Router C

GE1/0/3

10.110.5.1/24

Router F

GE1/0/3

10.110.3.2/24

Router C

GE1/0/4

10.110.2.2/24

Router G

GE1/0/1

192.168.5.1/24

Router C

GE1/0/5

10.110.6.1/24

Router G

GE1/0/2

10.110.9.2/24

Router H

GE1/0/1

10.110.5.2/24

Source 1

192.168.2.10/24

Router H

GE1/0/2

10.110.7.1/24

Source 2

192.168.3.10/24

Router I

GE1/0/1

192.168.6.1/24

Source 3

192.168.5.10/24

Router I

GE1/0/2

10.110.10.2/24

 

 

 

Procedure

1.     Assign an IP address and subnet mask to each interface, as shown in Figure 17. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure OSPF on all routers in the PIM-SM domain. (Details not shown.)

3.     Enable IP multicast routing, IGMP, and PIM-SM:

# On Router A, enable IP multicast routing.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] multicast routing

[RouterA-mrib] quit

# Enable IGMP on the receiver-side interface (GigabitEthernet 1/0/1).

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] igmp enable

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

# Enable PIM-SM on GigabitEthernet 1/0/2.

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] pim sm

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

# Enable IP multicast routing, IGMP and PIM-SM on Router E and Router I in the same way Router A is configured. (Details not shown.)

# On Router B, enable IP multicast routing, and enable PIM-SM on each interface.

<RouterB> system-view

[RouterB] multicast routing

[RouterB-mrib] quit

[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] pim sm

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] pim sm

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] pim sm

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/4

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/4] pim sm

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/4] quit

# Enable IP multicast routing and PIM-SM on Router C, Router D, Router F, Router G, and Router H in the same way Router B is configured. (Details not shown.)

4.     Configure admin-scoped zone boundaries:

# On Router B, configure GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 and GigabitEthernet 1/0/4 as the boundaries of admin-scoped zone 1.

[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] multicast boundary 239.0.0.0 8

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/4

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/4] multicast boundary 239.0.0.0 8

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/4] quit

# On Router C, configure GigabitEthernet 1/0/4 and GigabitEthernet 1/0/5 as the boundaries of admin-scoped zone 2.

<RouterC> system-view

[RouterC] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/4

[RouterC-GigabitEthernet1/0/4] multicast boundary 239.0.0.0 8

[RouterC-GigabitEthernet1/0/4] quit

[RouterC] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/5

[RouterC-GigabitEthernet1/0/5] multicast boundary 239.0.0.0 8

[RouterC-GigabitEthernet1/0/5] quit

# On Router D, configure GigabitEthernet 1/0/3 as the boundary of admin-scoped zone 2.

<RouterD> system-view

[RouterD] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] multicast boundary 239.0.0.0 8

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

5.     Configure C-BSRs and C-RPs:

# On Router B, configure the service scope of RP advertisements.

[RouterB] acl basic 2001

[RouterB-acl-ipv4-basic-2001] rule permit source 239.0.0.0 0.255.255.255

[RouterB-acl-ipv4-basic-2001] quit

# Configure GigabitEthernet 1/0/2 as a C-BSR and a C-RP for admin-scoped zone 1.

[RouterB] pim

[RouterB-pim] c-bsr 10.110.1.2 scope 239.0.0.0 8

[RouterB-pim] c-rp 10.110.1.2 group-policy 2001

[RouterB-pim] quit

# On Router D, configure the service scope of RP advertisements.

[RouterD] acl basic 2001

[RouterD-acl-ipv4-basic-2001] rule permit source 239.0.0.0 0.255.255.255

[RouterD-acl-ipv4-basic-2001] quit

# Configure GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 as a C-BSR and a C-RP for admin-scoped zone 2.

[RouterD] pim

[RouterD-pim] c-bsr 10.110.5.2 scope 239.0.0.0 8

[RouterD-pim] c-rp 10.110.5.2 group-policy 2001

[RouterD-pim] quit

# On Router F, configure GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 as a C-BSR and a C-RP for the global-scoped zone.

<RouterF> system-view

[RouterF] pim

[RouterF-pim] c-bsr 10.110.9.1

[RouterF-pim] c-rp 10.110.9.1

[RouterF-pim] quit

Verifying the configuration

# Display BSR information on Router B.

[RouterB] display pim bsr-info

 Scope: non-scoped

     State: Accept Preferred

     Bootstrap timer: 00:01:44

     Elected BSR address: 10.110.9.1

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 30

       Uptime: 00:01:45

 

 Scope: 239.0.0.0/8

     State: Elected

     Bootstrap timer: 00:00:06

     Elected BSR address: 10.110.1.2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 30

       Uptime: 00:04:54

     Candidate BSR address: 10.110.1.2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 30

# Display BSR information on Router D.

[RouterD] display pim bsr-info

 Scope: non-scoped

     State: Accept Preferred

     Bootstrap timer: 00:01:44

     Elected BSR address: 10.110.9.1

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 30

       Uptime: 00:01:45

 

 Scope: 239.0.0.0/8

     State: Elected

     Bootstrap timer: 00:01:12

     Elected BSR address: 10.110.5.2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 30

       Uptime: 00:03:48

     Candidate BSR address: 10.110.5.2

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 30

# Display BSR information on Router F.

[RouterF] display pim bsr-info

 Scope: non-scoped

     State: Elected

     Bootstrap timer: 00:00:49

     Elected BSR address: 10.110.9.1

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 30

       Uptime: 00:11:11

     Candidate BSR address: 10.110.9.1

       Priority: 64

       Hash mask length: 30

# Display RP information on Router B.

[RouterB] display pim rp-info

 BSR RP information:

   Scope: non-scoped

     Group/MaskLen: 224.0.0.0/4

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       10.110.9.1               192       180       00:03:39  00:01:51

   Scope: 239.0.0.0/8

     Group/MaskLen: 239.0.0.0/8

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       10.110.1.2 (local)       192       180       00:07:44  00:01:51

# Display RP information on Router D.

[RouterD] display pim rp-info

 BSR RP information:

   Scope: non-scoped

     Group/MaskLen: 224.0.0.0/4

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       10.110.9.1               192       180       00:03:42  00:01:48

   Scope: 239.0.0.0/8

     Group/MaskLen: 239.0.0.0/8

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       10.110.5.2 (local)       192       180       00:06:54  00:02:41

# Display RP information on Router F.

[RouterF] display pim rp-info

 BSR RP information:

   Scope: non-scoped

     Group/MaskLen: 224.0.0.0/4

       RP address               Priority  HoldTime  Uptime    Expires

       10.110.9.1 (local)       192       180       00:00:32  00:01:58

Example: Configuring BIDIR-PIM

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 18:

·     OSPF runs on the network.

·     VOD streams are sent to receiver hosts in multicast.

·     Source 1 and Source 2 send multicast data to multicast group 225.1.1.1.

·     Host A and Host B are receivers of this multicast group.

·     GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 of Router C acts as the C-BSR. Loopback 0 of Router C acts as the C-RP.

·     IGMPv2 runs between Router B and Host A, and between Router D and Host B.

Figure 18 Network diagram

Table 4 Interface and IP address assignment

Device

Interface

IP address

Device

Interface

IP address

Router A

GE1/0/1

192.168.1.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/1

192.168.3.1/24

Router A

GE1/0/2

10.110.1.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/2

192.168.4.1/24

Router B

GE1/0/1

192.168.2.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/3

10.110.3.2/24

Router B

GE1/0/2

10.110.1.2/24

Source 1

192.168.1.100/24

Router B

GE1/0/3

10.110.2.1/24

Source 2

192.168.4.100/24

Router C

GE1/0/1

10.110.2.2/24

Receiver 1

192.168.2.100/24

Router C

GE1/0/2

10.110.3.1/24

Receiver 2

192.168.3.100/24

Router C

Loop0

1.1.1.1/32

 

 

 

Procedure

1.     Assign an IP address and subnet mask to each interface, as shown in Figure 18. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure OSPF on the routers in the BIDIR-PIM domain. (Details not shown.)

3.     Enable IP multicast routing, PIM-SM, BIDIR-PIM, and IGMP:

# On Router A, enable IP multicast routing, enable PIM-SM on each interface, and enable BIDIR-PIM.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] multicast routing

[RouterA-mrib] quit

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] pim sm

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] pim sm

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[RouterA] pim

[RouterA-pim] bidir-pim enable

[RouterA-pim] quit

# On Router B, enable IP multicast routing.

<RouterB> system-view

[RouterB] multicast routing

[RouterB-mrib] quit

# Enable IGMP on the receiver-side interface (GigabitEthernet 1/0/1).

[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] igmp enable

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

# Enable PIM-SM on the other interfaces.

[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] pim sm

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[RouterB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] pim sm

[RouterB-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

# Enable BIDIR-PIM.

[RouterB] pim

[RouterB-pim] bidir-pim enable

[RouterB-pim] quit

# On Router C, enable IP multicast routing, enable PIM-SM on each interface, and enable BIDIR-PIM.

<RouterC> system-view

[RouterC] multicast routing

[RouterC-mrib] quit

[RouterC] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterC-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] pim sm

[RouterC-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

[RouterC] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[RouterC-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] pim sm

[RouterC-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[RouterC] interface loopback 0

[RouterC-LoopBack0] pim sm

[RouterC-LoopBack0] quit

[RouterC] pim

[RouterC-pim] bidir-pim enable

# On Router D, enable IP multicast routing.

<RouterD> system-view

[RouterD] multicast routing

[RouterD-mrib] quit

# Enable IGMP on the receiver-side interface (GigabitEthernet 1/0/1).

[RouterD] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] igmp enable

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

# Enable PIM-SM on other interfaces.

[RouterD] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] pim sm

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[RouterD] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] pim sm

[RouterD-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

# Enable BIDIR-PIM.

[RouterD] pim

[RouterD-pim] bidir-pim enable

[RouterD-pim] quit

4.     On Router C, configure GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 as a C-BSR, and Loopback 0 as a C-RP for the entire BIDIR-PIM domain.

[RouterC-pim] c-bsr 10.110.2.2

[RouterC-pim] c-rp 1.1.1.1 bidir

[RouterC-pim] quit

Verifying the configuration

1.     Display BIDIR-PIM DF information:

# Display BIDIR-PIM DF information on Router A.

[RouterA] display pim df-info

RP address: 1.1.1.1

  Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

    State     : Win        DF preference: 100

    DF metric : 2          DF uptime    : 00:06:59

    DF address: 192.168.1.1 (local)

  Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

    State     : Lose       DF preference: 100

    DF metric : 1          DF uptime    : 00:06:59

    DF address: 10.110.1.2

# Display BIDIR-PIM DF information on Router B.

[RouterB] display pim df-info

RP address: 1.1.1.1

  Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

    State     : Win        DF preference: 100

    DF metric : 1          DF uptime    : 00:06:59

    DF address: 10.110.1.2 (local)

  Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/3

    State     : Lose       DF preference: 0

    DF metric : 0          DF uptime    : 00:06:59

    DF address: 10.110.2.2

# Display BIDIR-PIM DF information on Router C.

[RouterC] display pim df-info

RP address: 1.1.1.1

  Interface: Loop0

    State     : -          DF preference: -

    DF metric : -          DF uptime    : -

    DF address: -

RP address: 1.1.1.1

  Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

    State     : Win        DF preference: 0

    DF metric : 0          DF uptime    : 00:06:59

    DF address: 10.110.2.2 (local)

  Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

    State     : Win        DF preference: 0

    DF metric : 0          DF uptime    : 00:06:59

    DF address: 10.110.3.1

# Display BIDIR-PIM DF information on Router D.

[RouterD] display pim df-info

RP address: 1.1.1.1

  Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

    State     : Win        DF preference: 100

    DF metric : 1          DF uptime    : 00:06:59

    DF address: 192.168.4.1 (local)

  Interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/3

    State     : Lose       DF preference: 0

    DF metric : 0          DF uptime    : 00:06:59

    DF address: 10.110.3.1

2.     Display information about DFs for multicast forwarding:

# Display information about DFs for multicast forwarding on Router A.

[RouterA] display multicast forwarding df-info

Total 1 RPs, 1 matched

 

00001. RP address: 1.1.1.1

     Flags: 0x0

     Uptime: 00:08:32

     RPF interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

     List of 1 DF interfaces:

       1: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

# Display information about DFs for multicast forwarding on Router B.

[RouterB] display multicast forwarding df-info

Total 1 RPs, 1 matched

 

00001. RP address: 1.1.1.1

     Flags: 0x0

     Uptime: 00:06:24

     RPF interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/3

     List of 1 DF interfaces:

       1: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

# Display information about DFs for multicast forwarding on Router C.

[RouterC] display multicast forwarding df-info

Total 1 RPs, 1 matched

 

00001. RP address: 1.1.1.1

     Flags: 0x0

     Uptime: 00:07:21

     RPF interface: LoopBack0

     List of 2 DF interfaces:

       1: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

       2: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

# Display information about DFs for multicast forwarding on Router D.

[RouterD] display multicast forwarding df-info

Total 1 RPs, 1 matched

 

00001. RP address: 1.1.1.1

     Flags: 0x0

     Uptime: 00:05:12

     RPF interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/3

     List of 1 DF interfaces:

       1: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

Example: Configuring PIM-SSM

Network configuration

As shown in Figure 19:

·     OSPF runs on the network.

·     The receivers receive VOD information through multicast. The receiver groups of different organizations form stub networks, and one or more receiver hosts exist in each stub network. The entire PIM domain operates in the SSM mode.

·     Host A and Host C are multicast receivers on two stub networks.

·     The SSM group range is 232.1.1.0/24.

·     IGMPv3 runs between Router A and N1, and between Router B, Router C, and N2.

Figure 19 Network diagram

Table 5 Interface and IP address assignment

Device

Interface

IP address

Device

Interface

IP address

Router A

GE1/0/1

10.110.1.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/1

10.110.5.1/24

Router A

GE1/0/2

192.168.1.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/2

192.168.1.2/24

Router A

GE1/0/3

192.168.9.1/24

Router D

GE1/0/3

192.168.4.2/24

Router B

GE1/0/1

10.110.2.1/24

Router E

GE1/0/1

192.168.3.2/24

Router B

GE1/0/2

192.168.2.1/24

Router E

GE1/0/2

192.168.2.2/24

Router C

GE1/0/1

10.110.2.2/24

Router E

GE1/0/3

192.168.9.2/24

Router C

GE1/0/2

192.168.3.1/24

Router E

GE1/0/4

192.168.4.1/24

Procedure

1.     Assign an IP address and subnet mask to each interface, as shown in Figure 19. (Details not shown.)

2.     Configure OSPF on the routers in the PIM-SSM domain. (Details not shown.)

3.     Enable IP multicast routing, IGMP and PIM-SM:

# On Router A, enable IP multicast routing.

<RouterA> system-view

[RouterA] multicast routing

[RouterA-mrib] quit

# Enable IGMPv3 on GigabitEthernet 1/0/1 (the interface that connects to the stub network).

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] igmp enable

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] igmp version 3

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit

# Enable PIM-SM on the other interfaces.

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] pim sm

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit

[RouterA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] pim sm

[RouterA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

# Enable IP multicast routing, IGMP, and PIM-SM on Router B and Router C in the same way Router A is configured. (Details not shown.)

# Enable IP multicast routing and PIM-SM on Router D and Router E in the same way Router A is configured. (Details not shown.)

4.     Configure the SSM group range:

# On Router A, specify 232.1.1.0/24 as the SSM group range.

[RouterA] acl basic 2000

[RouterA-acl-ipv4-basic-2000] rule permit source 232.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

[RouterA-acl-ipv4-basic-2000] quit

[RouterA] pim

[RouterA-pim] ssm-policy 2000

[RouterA-pim] quit

# Configure the SSM group range on Router B, Router C, Router D, and Router E in the same way Router A is configured (Details not shown.)

Verifying the configuration

# Display PIM information on Router A.

[RouterA] display pim interface

 Interface           NbrCnt HelloInt   DR-Pri     DR-Address

 GE1/0/2             1      30         1          192.168.1.2

 GE1/0/3             1      30         1          192.168.9.2

# Send an IGMPv3 report from Host A to join multicast source and group (10.110.5.100/24, 232.1.1.1). (Details not shown.)

# Display the PIM routing table on Router A.

[RouterA] display pim routing-table

 Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry

 

 (10.110.5.100, 232.1.1.1)

     Protocol: pim-ssm, Flag:

     UpTime: 00:13:25

     Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

         Upstream neighbor: 192.168.1.2

         RPF prime neighbor: 192.168.1.2

     Downstream interface(s) information:

     Total number of downstreams: 1

         1: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

             Protocol: igmp, UpTime: 00:13:25, Expires: 00:03:25

# Display PIM routing entries on Router D.

[RouterD] display pim routing-table

 Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry

 

 (10.110.5.100, 232.1.1.1)

     Protocol: pim-ssm, Flag: LOC

     UpTime: 00:12:05

     Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet1/0/1

         Upstream neighbor: NULL

         RPF prime neighbor: NULL

     Downstream interface(s) information:

     Total number of downstreams: 1

         1: GigabitEthernet1/0/2

             Protocol:  pim-ssm, UpTime: 00:12:05, Expires: 00:03:25

The output shows that routers on the SPT path (Router A and Router D) have generated the correct (S, G) entries.

Troubleshooting PIM

A multicast distribution tree cannot be correctly built

Symptom

No multicast forwarding entries are established on the devices (including devices directly connected with multicast sources or receivers) in a PIM network. This means that a multicast distribution tree cannot be built correctly.

Solution

To resolve the problem:

1.     Use display ip routing-table to verify that a unicast route to the multicast source or the RP is available.

2.     Use display pim interface to verify PIM information on each interface, especially on the RPF interface. If PIM is not enabled on the interfaces, use pim dm or pim sm to enable PIM-DM or PIM-SM for the interfaces.

3.     Use display pim neighbor to verify that the RPF neighbor is a PIM neighbor.

4.     Verify that PIM and IGMP are enabled on the interfaces that directly connect to the multicast sources or the receivers.

5.     Use display pim interface verbose to verify that the same PIM mode is enabled on the RPF interface on a device and the connected interface of the device's RPF neighbor.

6.     Use display current-configuration to verify that the same PIM mode is enabled on all devices. For PIM-SM, verify that the BSR and C-RPs are correctly configured.

7.     If the problem persists, contact H3C Support.

Multicast data is abnormally terminated on an intermediate device

Symptom

An intermediate device can receive multicast data successfully, but the data cannot reach the last-hop device. An interface on the intermediate device receives multicast data but does not create an (S, G) entry in the PIM routing table.

Solution

To resolve the problem:

1.     Use display current-configuration to verify the multicast forwarding boundary settings. Use multicast boundary to change the multicast forwarding boundary settings to make the multicast packet able to cross the boundary.

2.     Use display current-configuration to verify the multicast source policy. Change the ACL rule defined in the source-policy command so that the source/group address of the multicast data can pass ACL filtering.

3.     If the problem persists, contact H3C Support.

An RP cannot join an SPT in PIM-SM

Symptom

An RPT cannot be correctly built, or an RP cannot join the SPT toward the multicast source.

Solution

To resolve the problem:

1.     Use display ip routing-table to verify that a unicast route to the RP is available on each device.

2.     Use display pim rp-info to verify that the dynamic RP information is consistent on all devices.

3.     Use display pim rp-info to verify that the same static RPs are configured on all devices on the network.

4.     If the problem persists, contact H3C Support.

An RPT cannot be built or multicast source registration fails in PIM-SM

Symptom

The C-RPs cannot unicast advertisement messages to the BSR. The BSR does not advertise BSMs containing C-RP information and has no unicast route to any C-RP. An RPT cannot be correctly established, or the source-side DR cannot register the multicast source with the RP.

Solution

To resolve the problem:

1.     Use display ip routing-table on each device to view routing table information. Verify that unicast routes to the C-RPs and the BSR are available on each device and that a route is available between each C-RP and the BSR.

2.     Use display pim bsr-info to verify that the BSR information exists on each device.

3.     Use display pim rp-info to verify that the RP information is correct on each device.

4.     Use display pim neighbor to verify that PIM neighboring relationship has been correctly established among the devices.

5.     If the problem persists, contact H3C Support.

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